Fundamentals of Physics, 11th Edition Extended (No Digital signature protected)

Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
1 Measurement
	1-1 MEASURING THINGS, INCLUDING LENGTHS
		What Is Physics?
		Measuring Things
		The International System of Units
		Changing Units
		Length
		Significant Figures and Decimal Places
	1-2 TIME
		Time
	1-3 MASS
		Mass
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	PROBLEMS
2 Motion Along a Straight Line
	2-1 POSITION, DISPLACEMENT, AND AVERAGE VELOCITY
		What Is Physics?
		Motion
		Position and Displacement
		Average Velocity and Average Speed
	2-2 INSTANTANEOUS VELOCITY AND SPEED
		Instantaneous Velocity and Speed
	2-3 ACCELERATION
		Acceleration
	2-4 CONSTANT ACCELERATION
		Constant Acceleration: A Special Case
		Another Look at Constant Acceleration
	2-5 FREE-FALL ACCELERATION
		Free-Fall Acceleration
	2-6 GRAPHICAL INTEGRATION IN MOTION ANALYSIS
		Graphical Integration in Motion Analysis
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	QUESTIONS
	PROBLEMS
3 Vectors
	3-1 VECTORS AND THEIR COMPONENTS
		What Is Physics?
		Vectors and Scalars
		Adding Vectors Geometrically
		Components of Vectors
	3-2 UNIT VECTORS, ADDING VECTORS BY COMPONENTS
		Unit Vectors
		Adding Vectors by Components
		Vectors and the Laws of Physics
	3-3 MULTIPLYING VECTORS
		Multiplying Vectors
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	QUESTIONS
	PROBLEMS
4 Motion in Two and Three Dimensions
	4-1 POSITION AND DISPLACEMENT
		What Is Physics?
		Position and Displacement
	4-2 AVERAGE VELOCITY AND INSTANTANEOUS VELOCITY
		Average Velocity and Instantaneous Velocity
	4-3 AVERAGE ACCELERATION AND INSTANTANEOUS ACCELERATION
		Average Acceleration and Instantaneous Acceleration
	4-4 PROJECTILE MOTION
		Projectile Motion
	4-5 UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION
		Uniform Circular Motion
	4-6 RELATIVE MOTION IN ONE DIMENSION
		Relative Motion in One Dimension
	4-7 RELATIVE MOTION IN TWO DIMENSIONS
		Relative Motion in Two Dimensions
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	QUESTIONS
	PROBLEMS
5 Force and Motion—I
	5-1 NEWTON’S FIRST AND SECOND LAWS
		What Is Physics?
		Newtonian Mechanics
		Newton’s First Law
		Force
		Mass
		Newton’s Second Law
	5-2 SOME PARTICULAR FORCES
		Some Particular Forces
	5-3 APPLYING NEWTON’S LAWS
		Newton’s Third Law
		Applying Newton’s Laws
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	QUESTIONS
	PROBLEMS
6 Force and Motion—II
	6-1 FRICTION
		What Is Physics?
		Friction
		Properties of Friction
	6-2 THE DRAG FORCE AND TERMINAL SPEED
		The Drag Force and Terminal Speed
	6-3 UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION
		Uniform Circular Motion
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	QUESTIONS
	PROBLEMS
7 Kinetic Energy and Work
	7-1 KINETIC ENERGY
		What Is Physics?
		What Is Energy?
		Kinetic Energy
	7-2 WORK AND KINETIC ENERGY
		Work
		Work and Kinetic Energy
	7-3 WORK DONE BY THE GRAVITATIONAL FORCE
		Work Done by the Gravitational Force
	7-4 WORK DONE BY A SPRING FORCE
		Work Done by a Spring Force
	7-5 WORK DONE BY A GENERAL VARIABLE FORCE
		Work Done by a General Variable Force
	7-6 POWER
		Power
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	QUESTIONS
	PROBLEMS
8 Potential Energy and Conservation of Energy
	8-1 POTENTIAL ENERGY
		What Is Physics?
		Work and Potential Energy
		Path Independence of Conservative Forces
		Determining Potential Energy Values
	8-2 CONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL ENERGY
		Conservation of Mechanical Energy
	8-3 READING A POTENTIAL ENERGY CURVE
		Reading a Potential Energy Curve
	8-4 WORK DONE ON A SYSTEM BY AN EXTERNAL FORCE
		Work Done on a System by an External Force
	8-5 CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
		Conservation of Energy
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	QUESTIONS
	PROBLEMS
9 Center of Mass and Linear Momentum
	9-1 CENTER OF MASS
		What Is Physics?
		The Center of Mass
	9-2 NEWTON’S SECOND LAW FOR A SYSTEM OF PARTICLES
		Newton’s Second Law for a System of Particles
	9-3 LINEAR MOMENTUM
		Linear Momentum
		The Linear Momentum of a System of Particles
	9-4 COLLISION AND IMPULSE
		Collision and Impulse
	9-5 CONSERVATION OF LINEAR MOMENTUM
		Conservation of Linear Momentum
	9-6 MOMENTUM AND KINETIC ENERGY IN COLLISIONS
		Momentum and Kinetic Energy in Collisions
		Inelastic Collisions in One Dimension
	9-7 ELASTIC COLLISIONS IN ONE DIMENSION
		Elastic Collisions in One Dimension
	9-8 COLLISIONS IN TWO DIMENSIONS
		Collisions in Two Dimensions
	9-9 SYSTEMS WITH VARYING MASS: A ROCKET
		Systems with Varying Mass: A Rocket
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	QUESTIONS
	PROBLEMS
10 Rotation
	10-1 ROTATIONAL VARIABLES
		What Is Physics?
		Rotational Variables
		Are Angular Quantities Vectors?
	10-2 ROTATION WITH CONSTANT ANGULAR ACCELERATION
		Rotation with Constant Angular Acceleration
	10-3 RELATING THE LINEAR AND ANGULAR VARIABLES
		Relating the Linear and Angular Variables
	10-4 KINETIC ENERGY OF ROTATION
		Kinetic Energy of Rotation
	10-5 CALCULATING THE ROTATIONAL INERTIA
		Calculating the Rotational Inertia
	10-6 TORQUE
		Torque
	10-7 NEWTON’S SECOND LAW FOR ROTATION
		Newton’s Second Law for Rotation
	10-8 WORK AND ROTATIONAL KINETIC ENERGY
		Work and Rotational Kinetic Energy
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	QUESTIONS
	PROBLEMS
11 Rolling, Torque, and Angular Momentum
	11-1 ROLLING AS TRANSLATION AND ROTATION COMBINED
		What Is Physics?
		Rolling as Translation and Rotation Combined
	11-2 FORCES AND KINETIC ENERGY OF ROLLING
		The Kinetic Energy of Rolling
		The Forces of Rolling
	11-3 THE YO-YO
		The Yo-Yo
	11-4 TORQUE REVISITED
		Torque Revisited
	11-5 ANGULAR MOMENTUM
		Angular Momentum
	11-6 NEWTON’S SECOND LAW IN ANGULAR FORM
		Newton’s Second Law in Angular Form
	11-7 ANGULAR MOMENTUM OF A RIGID BODY
		The Angular Momentum of a System of Particles
		The Angular Momentum of a Rigid Body Rotating About a Fixed Axis
	11-8 CONSERVATION OF ANGULAR MOMENTUM
		Conservation of Angular Momentum
	11-9 PRECESSION OF A GYROSCOPE
		Precession of a Gyroscope
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	QUESTIONS
	PROBLEMS
12 Equilibrium and Elasticity
	12-1 EQUILIBRIUM
		What Is Physics?
		Equilibrium
		The Requirements of Equilibrium
		The Center of Gravity
	12-2 SOME EXAMPLES OF STATIC EQUILIBRIUM
		Some Examples of Static Equilibrium
	12-3 ELASTICITY
		Indeterminate Structures
		Elasticity
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	QUESTIONS
	PROBLEMS
13 Gravitation
	13-1 NEWTON’S LAW OF GRAVITATION
		What Is Physics?
		Newton’s Law of Gravitation
	13-2 GRAVITATION AND THE PRINCIPLE OF SUPERPOSITION
		Gravitation and the Principle of Superposition
	13-3 GRAVITATION NEAR EARTH’S SURFACE
		Gravitation Near Earth’s Surface
	13-4 GRAVITATION INSIDE EARTH
		Gravitation Inside Earth
	13-5 GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY
		Gravitational Potential Energy
	13-6 PLANETS AND SATELLITES: KEPLER’S LAWS
		Planets and Satellites: Kepler’s Laws
	13-7 SATELLITES: ORBITS AND ENERGY
		Satellites: Orbits and Energy
	13-8 EINSTEIN AND GRAVITATION
		Einstein and Gravitation
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	QUESTIONS
	PROBLEMS
14 Fluids
	14-1 FLUIDS, DENSITY, AND PRESSURE
		What Is Physics?
		What Is a Fluid?
		Density and Pressure
	14-2 FLUIDS AT REST
		Fluids at Rest
	14-3 MEASURING PRESSURE
		Measuring Pressure
	14-4 PASCAL’S PRINCIPLE
		Pascal’s Principle
	14-5 ARCHIMEDES’ PRINCIPLE
		Archimedes’ Principle
	14-6 THE EQUATION OF CONTINUITY
		Ideal Fluids in Motion
		The Equation of Continuity
	14-7 BERNOULLI’S EQUATION
		Bernoulli’s Equation
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	QUESTIONS
	PROBLEMS
15 Oscillations
	15-1 SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION
		What Is Physics?
		Simple Harmonic Motion
		The Force Law for Simple Harmonic Motion
	15-2 ENERGY IN SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION
		Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion
	15-3 AN ANGULAR SIMPLE HARMONIC OSCILLATOR
		An Angular Simple Harmonic Oscillator
	15-4 PENDULUMS, CIRCULAR MOTION
		Pendulums
		Simple Harmonic Motion and Uniform Circular Motion
	15-5 DAMPED SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION
		Damped Simple Harmonic Motion
	15-6 FORCED OSCILLATIONS AND RESONANCE
		Forced Oscillations and Resonance
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	QUESTIONS
	PROBLEMS
16 Waves—I
	16-1 TRANSVERSE WAVES
		What Is Physics?
		Types of Waves
		Transverse and Longitudinal Waves
		Wavelength and Frequency
		The Speed of a Traveling Wave
	16-2 WAVE SPEED ON A STRETCHED STRING
		Wave Speed on a Stretched String
	16-3 ENERGY AND POWER OF A WAVE TRAVELING ALONG A STRING
		Energy and Power of a Wave Traveling Along a String
	16-4 THE WAVE EQUATION
		The Wave Equation
	16-5 INTERFERENCE OF WAVES
		The Principle of Superposition for Waves
		Interference of Waves
	16-6 PHASORS
		Phasors
	16-7 STANDING WAVES AND RESONANCE
		Standing Waves
		Standing Waves and Resonance
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	QUESTIONS
	PROBLEMS
17 Waves—II
	17-1 SPEED OF SOUND
		What Is Physics?
		Sound Waves
		The Speed of Sound
	17-2 TRAVELING SOUND WAVES
		Traveling Sound Waves
	17-3 INTERFERENCE
		Interference
	17-4 INTENSITY AND SOUND LEVEL
		Intensity and Sound Level
	17-5 SOURCES OF MUSICAL SOUND
		Sources of Musical Sound
	17-6 BEATS
		Beats
	17-7 THE DOPPLER EFFECT
		The Doppler Effect
	17-8 SUPERSONIC SPEEDS, SHOCK WAVES
		Supersonic Speeds, Shock Waves
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	QUESTIONS
	PROBLEMS
18 Temperature, Heat, and the First Law of Thermodynamics
	18-1 TEMPERATURE
		What Is Physics?
		Temperature
		The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
		Measuring Temperature
	18-2 THE CELSIUS AND FAHRENHEIT SCALES
		The Celsius and Fahrenheit Scales
	18-3 THERMAL EXPANSION
		Thermal Expansion
	18-4 ABSORPTION OF HEAT
		Temperature and Heat
		The Absorption of Heat by Solids and Liquids
	18-5 THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
		A Closer Look at Heat and Work
		The First Law of Thermodynamics
		Some Special Cases of the First Law of Thermodynamics
	18-6 HEAT TRANSFER MECHANISMS
		Heat Transfer Mechanisms
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	QUESTIONS
	PROBLEMS
19 The Kinetic Theory of Gases
	19-1 AVOGADRO’S NUMBER
		What Is Physics?
		Avogadro’s Number
	19-2 IDEAL GASES
		Ideal Gases
	19-3 PRESSURE, TEMPERATURE, AND RMS SPEED
		Pressure, Temperature, and RMS Speed
	19-4 TRANSLATIONAL KINETIC ENERGY
		Translational Kinetic Energy
	19-5 MEAN FREE PATH
		Mean Free Path
	19-6 THE DISTRIBUTION OF MOLECULAR SPEEDS
		The Distribution of Molecular Speeds
	19-7 THE MOLAR SPECIFIC HEATS OF AN IDEAL GAS
		The Molar Specific Heats of an Ideal Gas
	19-8 DEGREES OF FREEDOM AND MOLAR SPECIFIC HEATS
		Degrees of Freedom and Molar Specific Heats
		A Hint of Quantum Theory
	19-9 THE ADIABATIC EXPANSION OF AN IDEAL GAS
		The Adiabatic Expansion of an Ideal Gas
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	QUESTIONS
	PROBLEMS
20 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
	20-1 ENTROPY
		What Is Physics?
		Irreversible Processes and Entropy
		Change in Entropy
		The Second Law of Thermodynamics
	20-2 ENTROPY IN THE REAL WORLD: ENGINES
		Entropy in the Real World: Engines
	20-3 REFRIGERATORS AND REAL ENGINES
		Entropy in the Real World: Refrigerators
		The Efficiencies of Real Engines
	20-4 A STATISTICAL VIEW OF ENTROPY
		A Statistical View of Entropy
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	QUESTIONS
	PROBLEMS
21 Coulomb’s Law
	21-1 COULOMB’S LAW
		What Is Physics?
		Electric Charge
		Conductors and Insulators
		Coulomb’s Law
	21-2 CHARGE IS QUANTIZED
		Charge Is Quantized
	21-3 CHARGE IS CONSERVED
		Charge Is Conserved
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	QUESTIONS
	PROBLEMS
22 Electric Fields
	22-1 THE ELECTRIC FIELD
		What Is Physics?
		The Electric Field
		Electric Field Lines
	22-2 THE ELECTRIC FIELD DUE TO A CHARGED PARTICLE
		The Electric Field Due to a Point Charge
	22-3 THE ELECTRIC FIELD DUE TO A DIPOLE
		The Electric Field Due to an Electric Dipole
	22-4 THE ELECTRIC FIELD DUE TO A LINE OF CHARGE
		The Electric Field Due to Line of Charge
	22-5 THE ELECTRIC FIELD DUE TO A CHARGED DISK
		The Electric Field Due to a Charged Disk
	22-6 A POINT CHARGE IN AN ELECTRIC FIELD
		A Point Charge in an Electric Field
	22-7 A DIPOLE IN AN ELECTRIC FIELD
		A Dipole in an Electric Field
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	QUESTIONS
	PROBLEMS
23 Gauss’ Law
	23-1 ELECTRIC FLUX
		What Is Physics?
		Electric Flux
	23-2 GAUSS’ LAW
		Gauss’ Law
		Gauss’ Law and Coulomb’s Law
	23-3 A CHARGED ISOLATED CONDUCTOR
		A Charged Isolated Conductor
	23-4 APPLYING GAUSS’ LAW: CYLINDRICAL SYMMETRY
		Applying Gauss’ Law: Cylindrical Symmetry
	23-5 APPLYING GAUSS’ LAW: PLANAR SYMMETRY
		Applying Gauss’ Law: Planar Symmetry
	23-6 APPLYING GAUSS’ LAW: SPHERICAL SYMMETRY
		Applying Gauss’ Law: Spherical Symmetry
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	QUESTIONS
	PROBLEMS
24 Electric Potential
	24-1 ELECTRIC POTENTIAL
		What Is Physics?
		Electric Potential and Electric Potential Energy
	24-2 EQUIPOTENTIAL SURFACES AND THE ELECTRIC FIELD
		Equipotential Surfaces
		Calculating the Potential from the Field
	24-3 POTENTIAL DUE TO A CHARGED PARTICLE
		Potential Due to a Charged Particle
		Potential Due to a Group of Charged Particles
	24-4 POTENTIAL DUE TO AN ELECTRIC DIPOLE
		Potential Due to an Electric Dipole
	24-5 POTENTIAL DUE TO A CONTINUOUS CHARGE DISTRIBUTION
		Potential Due to a Continuous Charge Distribution
	24-6 CALCULATING THE FIELD FROM THE POTENTIAL
		Calculating the Field from the Potential
	24-7 ELECTRIC POTENTIAL ENERGY OF A SYSTEM OF CHARGED PARTICLES
		Electric Potential Energy of a System of Charged Particles
	24-8 POTENTIAL OF A CHARGED ISOLATED CONDUCTOR
		Potential of a Charged Isolated Conductor
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	QUESTIONS
	PROBLEMS
25 Capacitance
	25-1 CAPACITANCE
		What Is Physics?
		Capacitance
	25-2 CALCULATING THE CAPACITANCE
		Calculating the Capacitance
	25-3 CAPACITORS IN PARALLEL AND IN SERIES
		Capacitors in Parallel and in Series
	25-4 ENERGY STORED IN AN ELECTRIC FIELD
		Energy Stored in an Electric Field
	25-5 CAPACITOR WITH A DIELECTRIC
		Capacitor with a Dielectric
		Dielectrics: An Atomic View
	25-6 DIELECTRICS AND GAUSS’ LAW
		Dielectrics and Gauss’ Law
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	QUESTIONS
	PROBLEMS
26 Current and Resistance
	26-1 ELECTRIC CURRENT
		What Is Physics?
		Electric Current
	26-2 CURRENT DENSITY
		Current Density
	26-3 RESISTANCE AND RESISTIVITY
		Resistance and Resistivity
	26-4 OHM’S LAW
		Ohm’s Law
		A Microscopic View of Ohm’s Law
	26-5 POWER, SEMICONDUCTORS, SUPERCONDUCTORS
		Power in Electric Circuits
		Semiconductors
		Superconductors
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	QUESTIONS
	PROBLEMS
27 Circuits
	27-1 SINGLE-LOOP CIRCUITS
		What Is Physics?
		“Pumping” Charges
		Work, Energy, and Emf
		Calculating the Current in a Single-Loop Circuit
		Other Single-Loop Circuits
		Potential Difference Between Two Points
	27-2 MULTILOOP CIRCUITS
		Multiloop Circuits
	27-3 THE AMMETER AND THE VOLTMETER
		The Ammeter and the Voltmeter
	27-4 RC CIRCUITS
		RC Circuits
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	QUESTIONS
	PROBLEMS
28 Magnetic Fields
	28-1 MAGNETIC FIELDS AND THE DEFINITION OF B
		What Is Physics?
		What Produces a Magnetic Field?
		The Definition of B
	28-2 CROSSED FIELDS: DISCOVERY OF THE ELECTRON
		Crossed Fields: Discovery of the Electron
	28-3 CROSSED FIELDS: THE HALL EFFECT
		Crossed Fields: The Hall Effect
	28-4 A CIRCULATING CHARGED PARTICLE
		A Circulating Charged Particle
	28-5 CYCLOTRONS AND SYNCHROTRONS
		Cyclotrons and Synchrotrons
	28-6 MAGNETIC FORCE ON A CURRENT-CARRYING WIRE
		Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Wire
	28-7 TORQUE ON A CURRENT LOOP
		Torque on a Current Loop
	28-8 THE MAGNETIC DIPOLE MOMENT
		The Magnetic Dipole Moment
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	QUESTIONS
	PROBLEMS
29 Magnetic Fields Due to Currents
	29-1 MAGNETIC FIELD DUE TO A CURRENT
		What Is Physics?
		Calculating the Magnetic Field Due to a Current
	29-2 FORCE BETWEEN TWO PARALLEL CURRENTS
		Force Between Two Parallel Currents
	29-3 AMPERE’S LAW
		Ampere’s Law
	29-4 SOLENOIDS AND TOROIDS
		Solenoids and Toroids
	29-5 A CURRENT-CARRYING COIL AS A MAGNETIC DIPOLE
		A Current-Carrying Coil as a Magnetic Dipole
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	QUESTIONS
	PROBLEMS
30 Induction and Inductance
	30-1 FARADAY’S LAW AND LENZ’S LAW
		What Is Physics?
		Two Experiments
		Faraday’s Law of Induction
		Lenz’s Law
	30-2 INDUCTION AND ENERGY TRANSFERS
		Induction and Energy Transfers
	30-3 INDUCED ELECTRIC FIELDS
		Induced Electric Fields
	30-4 INDUCTORS AND INDUCTANCE
		Inductors and Inductance
	30-5 SELF-INDUCTION
		Self-Induction
	30-6 RL CIRCUITS
		RL Circuits
	30-7 ENERGY STORED IN A MAGNETIC FIELD
		Energy Stored in a Magnetic Field
	30-8 ENERGY DENSITY OF A MAGNETIC FIELD
		Energy Density of a Magnetic Field
	30-9 MUTUAL INDUCTION
		Mutual Induction
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	QUESTIONS
	PROBLEMS
31 Electromagnetic Oscillations and Alternating Current
	31-1 LC OSCILLATIONS
		What Is Physics?
		LC Oscillations, Qualitatively
		The Electrical-Mechanical Analogy
		LC Oscillations, Quantitatively
	31-2 DAMPED OSCILLATIONS IN AN RLC CIRCUIT
		Damped Oscillations in an RLC Circuit
	31-3 FORCED OSCILLATIONS OF THREE SIMPLE CIRCUITS
		Alternating Current
		Forced Oscillations
		Three Simple Circuits
	31-4 THE SERIES RLC CIRCUIT
		The Series RLC Circuit
	31-5 POWER IN ALTERNATING-CURRENT CIRCUITS
		Power in Alternating-Current Circuits
	31-6 TRANSFORMERS
		Transformers
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	QUESTIONS
	PROBLEMS
32 Maxwell’s Equations; Magnetism of Matter
	32-1 GAUSS’ LAW FOR MAGNETIC FIELDS
		What Is Physics?
		Gauss’ Law for Magnetic Fields
	32-2 INDUCED MAGNETIC FIELDS
		Induced Magnetic Fields
	32-3 DISPLACEMENT CURRENT
		Displacement Current
		Maxwell’s Equations
	32-4 MAGNETS
		Magnets
	32-5 MAGNETISM AND ELECTRONS
		Magnetism and Electrons
		Magnetic Materials
	32-6 DIAMAGNETISM
		Diamagnetism
	32-7 PARAMAGNETISM
		Paramagnetism
	32-8 FERROMAGNETISM
		Ferromagnetism
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	QUESTIONS
	PROBLEMS
33 Electromagnetic Waves
	33-1 ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
		What Is Physics?
		Maxwell’s Rainbow
		The Traveling Electromagnetic Wave, Qualitatively
		The Traveling Electromagnetic Wave, Quantitatively
	33-2 ENERGY TRANSPORT AND THE POYNTING VECTOR
		Energy Transport and the Poynting Vector
	33-3 RADIATION PRESSURE
		Radiation Pressure
	33-4 POLARIZATION
		Polarization
	33-5 REFLECTION AND REFRACTION
		Reflection and Refraction
	33-6 TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION
		Total Internal Reflection
	33-7 POLARIZATION BY REFLECTION
		Polarization by Reflection
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	QUESTIONS
	PROBLEMS
34 Images
	34-1 IMAGES AND PLANE MIRRORS
		What Is Physics?
		Two Types of Image
		Plane Mirrors
	34-2 SPHERICAL MIRRORS
		Spherical Mirrors
		Images from Spherical Mirrors
	34-3 SPHERICAL REFRACTING SURFACES
		Spherical Refracting Surfaces
	34-4 THIN LENSES
		Thin Lenses
	34-5 OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS
		Optical Instruments
	34-6 THREE PROOFS
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	QUESTIONS
	PROBLEMS
35 Interference
	35-1 LIGHT AS A WAVE
		What Is Physics?
		Light as a Wave
	35-2 YOUNG’S INTERFERENCE EXPERIMENT
		Diffraction
		Young’s Interference Experiment
	35-3 INTERFERENCE AND DOUBLE-SLIT INTENSITY
		Coherence
		Intensity in Double-Slit Interference
	35-4 INTERFERENCE FROM THIN FILMS
		Interference from Thin Films
	35-5 MICHELSON’S INTERFEROMETER
		Michelson’s Interferometer
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	QUESTIONS
	PROBLEMS
36 Diffraction
	36-1 SINGLE-SLIT DIFFRACTION
		What Is Physics?
		Diffraction and the Wave Theory of Light
		Diffraction by a Single Slit: Locating the Minima
	36-2 INTENSITY IN SINGLE-SLIT DIFFRACTION
		Intensity in Single-Slit Diffraction
		Intensity in Single-Slit Diffraction, Quantitatively
	36-3 DIFFRACTION BY A CIRCULAR APERTURE
		Diffraction by a Circular Aperture
	36-4 DIFFRACTION BY A DOUBLE SLIT
		Diffraction by a Double Slit
	36-5 DIFFRACTION GRATINGS
		Diffraction Gratings
	36-6 GRATINGS: DISPERSION AND RESOLVING POWER
		Gratings: Dispersion and Resolving Power
	36-7 X-RAY DIFFRACTION
		X-Ray Diffraction
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	QUESTIONS
	PROBLEMS
37 Relativity
	37-1 SIMULTANEITY AND TIME DILATION
		What Is Physics?
		The Postulates
		Measuring an Event
		The Relativity of Simultaneity
		The Relativity of Time
	37-2 THE RELATIVITY OF LENGTH
		The Relativity of Length
	37-3 THE LORENTZ TRANSFORMATION
		The Lorentz Transformation
		Some Consequences of the Lorentz Equations
	37-4 THE RELATIVITY OF VELOCITIES
		The Relativity of Velocities
	37-5 DOPPLER EFFECT FOR LIGHT
		Doppler Effect for Light
	37-6 MOMENTUM AND ENERGY
		A New Look at Momentum
		A New Look at Energy
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	QUESTIONS
	PROBLEMS
38 Photons and Matter Waves
	38-1 THE PHOTON, THE QUANTUM OF LIGHT
		What Is Physics?
		The Photon, the Quantum of Light
	38-2 THE PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT
		The Photoelectric Effect
	38-3 PHOTONS, MOMENTUM, COMPTON SCATTERING, LIGHT INTERFERENCE
		Photons Have Momentum
		Light as a Probability Wave
	38-4 THE BIRTH OF QUANTUM PHYSICS
		The Birth of Quantum Physics
	38-5 ELECTRONS AND MATTER WAVES
		Electrons and Matter Waves
	38-6 SCHRÖDINGER’S EQUATION
		Schrödinger’s Equation
	38-7 HEISENBERG’S UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE
		Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle
	38-8 REFLECTION FROM A POTENTIAL STEP
		Reflection from a Potential Step
	38-9 TUNNELING THROUGH A POTENTIAL BARRIER
		Tunneling Through a Potential Barrier
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	QUESTIONS
	PROBLEMS
39 More About Matter Waves
	39-1 ENERGIES OF A TRAPPED ELECTRON
		What Is Physics?
		String Waves and Matter Waves
		Energies of a Trapped Electron
	39-2 WAVE FUNCTIONS OF A TRAPPED ELECTRON
		Wave Functions of a Trapped Electron
	39-3 AN ELECTRON IN A FINITE WELL
		An Electron in a Finite Well
	39-4 TWO- AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON TRAPS
		More Electron Traps
		Two- and Three-Dimensional Electron Traps
	39-5 THE HYDROGEN ATOM
		The Hydrogen Atom Is an Electron Trap
		The Bohr Model of Hydrogen, a Lucky Break
		Schrödinger’s Equation and the Hydrogen Atom
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	QUESTIONS
	PROBLEMS
40 All About Atoms
	40-1 PROPERTIES OF ATOMS
		What Is Physics?
		Some Properties of Atoms
		Angular Momentum, Magnetic Dipole Moments
	40-2 THE STERN–GERLACH EXPERIMENT
		The Stern–Gerlach Experiment
	40-3 MAGNETIC RESONANCE
		Magnetic Resonance
	40-4 EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE AND MULTIPLE ELECTRONS IN A TRAP
		The Pauli Exclusion Principle
		Multiple Electrons in Rectangular Traps
	40-5 BUILDING THE PERIODIC TABLE
		Building the Periodic Table
	40-6 X RAYS AND THE ORDERING OF THE ELEMENTS
		X Rays and the Ordering of the Elements
	40-7 LASERS
		Lasers and Laser Light
		How Lasers Work
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	QUESTIONS
	PROBLEMS
41 Conduction of Electricity in Solids
	41-1 THE ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF METALS
		What Is Physics?
		The Electrical Properties of Solids
		Energy Levels in a Crystalline Solid
		Insulators
		Metals
	41-2 SEMICONDUCTORS AND DOPING
		Semiconductors
		Doped Semiconductors
	41-3 THE p-n JUNCTION AND THE TRANSISTOR
		The p-n Junction
		The Junction Rectifier
		The Light-Emitting Diode (LED)
		The Transistor
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	QUESTIONS
	PROBLEMS
42 Nuclear Physics
	42-1 DISCOVERING THE NUCLEUS
		What Is Physics?
		Discovering the Nucleus
	42-2 SOME NUCLEAR PROPERTIES
		Some Nuclear Properties
	42-3 RADIOACTIVE DECAY
		Radioactive Decay
	42-4 ALPHA DECAY
		Alpha Decay
	42-5 BETA DECAY
		Beta Decay
	42-6 RADIOACTIVE DATING
		Radioactive Dating
	42-7 MEASURING RADIATION DOSAGE
		Measuring Radiation Dosage
	42-8 NUCLEAR MODELS
		Nuclear Models
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	QUESTIONS
	PROBLEMS
43 Energy from the Nucleus
	43-1 NUCLEAR FISSION
		What Is Physics?
		Nuclear Fission: The Basic Process
		A Model for Nuclear Fission
	43-2 THE NUCLEAR REACTOR
		The Nuclear Reactor
	43-3 A NATURAL NUCLEAR REACTOR
		A Natural Nuclear Reactor
	43-4 THERMONUCLEAR FUSION: THE BASIC PROCESS
		Thermonuclear Fusion: The Basic Process
	43-5 THERMONUCLEAR FUSION IN THE SUN AND OTHER STARS
		Thermonuclear Fusion in the Sun and Other Stars
	43-6 CONTROLLED THERMONUCLEAR FUSION
		Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	QUESTIONS
	PROBLEMS
44 Quarks, Leptons, and the Big Bang
	44-1 GENERAL PROPERTIES OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES
		What Is Physics?
		Particles, Particles, Particles
		An Interlude
	44-2 LEPTONS, HADRONS, AND STRANGENESS
		The Leptons
		The Hadrons
		Still Another Conservation Law
		The Eightfold Way
	44-3 QUARKS AND MESSENGER PARTICLES
		The Quark Model
		The Basic Forces and Messenger Particles
	44-4 COSMOLOGY
		A Pause for Reflection
		The Universe Is Expanding
		The Cosmic Background Radiation
		Dark Matter
		The Big Bang
		A Summing Up
	REVIEW & SUMMARY
	QUESTIONS
	PROBLEMS
APPENDICES
	A: The International System of Units (SI)
	B: Some Fundamental Constants of Physics
	C: Some Astronomical Data
	D: Conversion Factors
	E: Mathematical Formulas
	F: Properties of The Elements
	G: Periodic Table of The Elements
ANSWERS to Checkpoints and Odd-Numbered Questions and Problems
INDEX
	A
	B
	C
	D
	E
	F
	G
	H
	I
	J
	K
	L
	M
	N
	O
	P
	Q
	R
	S
	T
	U
	V
	W
	X
	Y
	Z
Endpapers