Fundamentals of Nursing: The Art and Science of Person-Centered Care

Fundamentals of Nursing The Art and Science of Person-Centered Care by Taylor (10th edition)
Cover Page
Front Matter
	Title Page
	Copyright
	Dedication
	A Special Note From the Author Team
	Authors and Contributors
	Reviewers
	Preface
	How to Use Fundamentals of Nursing
	Acknowledgments
	Contents
	Case Studies in this Book
	Research in Nursing
	Guidelines for Nursing Care
Unit I Foundations of Thoughtful, Person-Centered Nursing Practice
	Chapter 1 Introduction to Nursing and Professional Formation
		HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES ON NURSING
			Development of Nursing From Early Civilizations to the 16th Century
			Florence Nightingale and the Birth of Modern Nursing
			Development of Nursing From the 19th to 21st Centuries
		DEFINITIONS OF NURSING
		NURSING’S AIMS AND COMPETENCIES
			Promoting Health
			Preventing Illness
			Restoring Health
			Facilitating Coping With Disability and Death
		NURSING AS A PROFESSIONAL DISCIPLINE
		PROFESSIONAL FORMATION
		EDUCATIONAL PREPARATION FOR NURSING PRACTICE
			Practical and Vocational Nursing Education
			Registered Nursing Education
			Graduate Education in Nursing
			Continuing Education
			In-Service Education
		PROFESSIONAL NURSING ORGANIZATIONS
			International Nursing Organization
			National Nursing Organizations
			Specialty Practice and Special-Interest Nursing Organizations
		GUIDELINES FOR NURSING PRACTICE
			Standards of Nursing Practice
			Nurse Practice Acts and Licensure
			Code of Ethics and Professional Values
			Nursing Process and Other Clinical Judgment Models
		THOUGHTFUL, PERSON-CENTERED PRACTICE FRAMEWORK
		CURRENT TRENDS IN HEALTH CARE AND NURSING
		SELF-CARE
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
	Chapter 2 Theory, Research, and Evidence-Based Practice
		NURSING KNOWLEDGE
			Sources of Knowledge
			Historical Influences on Nursing Knowledge
		NURSING THEORY
			Interdisciplinary Base for Nursing Theories
			Nursing Theories
		NURSING RESEARCH
			Evolution of Nursing Research
			Methods of Conducting Nursing Research
			Protection of the Rights of Human Subjects
			Application of Research to Practice
		EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE
			Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Model
			Rationale for Using Evidence-Based Practice
			Steps of the Evidence-Based Practice Process
		QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
	Chapter 3 Health, Wellness, and Health Disparities
		CONCEPTS OF HEALTH AND WELLNESS
		CONCEPTS OF ILLNESS AND DISEASE
			Classifications of Illness
			Diseases and Deaths of Isolation and Despair
			Illness Behaviors
			Effects of Illness on the Family
			Care for Family Caregivers
		DISPARITIES IN HEALTH CARE
			Fostering Diversity, Inclusion, and Equity
			Vulnerable Populations
			Health Disparities and COVID-19
		FACTORS AFFECTING HEALTH AND ILLNESS
			Basic Human Needs
			Human Dimensions
			Self-Concept
			Risk Factors for Illness or Injury
		HEALTH PROMOTION AND ILLNESS PREVENTION
			Primary Health Promotion and Illness Prevention
			Secondary Health Promotion and Illness Prevention
			Tertiary Health Promotion and Illness Prevention
		MODELS OF HEALTH PROMOTION AND ILLNESS PREVENTION
			Health Belief Model
			Health Promotion Model
			Health–Illness Continuum
			Agent–Host–Environment Model
			Stages of Change Model
		NURSING CARE TO PROMOTE HEALTH AND PREVENT ILLNESS
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
	Chapter 4 Health of the Individual, Family, Community, and Environment
		THE INDIVIDUAL
			Physiologic Needs
			Safety and Security Needs
			Love and Belonging Needs
			Self-Esteem Needs
			Self-Actualization Needs
			Applying Maslow’s Theory
		THE FAMILY
			Family Structures
			Family Functions
			Developmental Tasks of Families
			The Family in Health and Illness
			Family Risk Factors
			Nursing Interventions to Promote Family Health
		THE COMMUNITY
			Social Support Systems
			Community Health Care Structure
			Economic Resources
			Effect on Individuals and Families
			Nursing in the Community
		THE ENVIRONMENT
			Climate Actions
			Reducing Waste in Clinical Settings
		SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
	Chapter 5 Culturally Respectful Care
		CONCEPTS OF CULTURAL DIVERSITY AND RESPECT
			Culture
			Ethnicity
			Race
			Factors Inhibiting Sensitivity to Diversity
		CULTURAL INFLUENCES ON HEALTH CARE
			Physiologic Variations
			Reactions to Pain
			Mental Health
			Assigned Sex Roles
			Language and Communication
			Orientation to Space and Time
			Food and Nutrition
			Family Support
			Socioeconomic Factors
			Health Disparities
		CULTURAL INFLUENCES ON HEALTH AND ILLNESS
		CULTURALLY RESPECTFUL NURSING CARE
			Theory of Cultural Humility
			Cultural Assessment
			Guidelines for Nursing Care
			Develop Cultural Self-Awareness
			Develop Cultural Knowledge
			Accommodate Cultural Practices in Health Care
			Respect Culturally Based Family Roles
			Avoid Mandating Change
			Seek Cultural Assistance
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
	Chapter 6 Values, Ethics, and Advocacy
		VALUES
			Development of Values
			Values Essential to the Professional Nurse
			Values Clarification
		ETHICS
			Nursing Ethics
			Theories of Ethics
		ETHICAL CONDUCT
			Moral Agency
			Nurse Virtues
			Civility
			Nursing Codes of Ethics
			Standards of Professional Nursing Practice
			Bill of Rights for Registered Nurses
		ETHICAL EXPERIENCE AND DECISION MAKING
			Moral Distress and Resiliency
			Giving Voice to Values
			Moral Injury
			Conscientious Objection
			Making Ethical Decisions
			Ethically Relevant Considerations
			Examples of Ethical Problems
			Nurses and Ethics Committees
		CONFLICTS OF COMMITMENT
		ADVOCACY IN NURSING PRACTICE
			Representing Patients
			Promoting Self-Determination
			Whistle-Blowing
			Being Politically Active
			Ethics and Academic Integrity
			Final Note About Trustworthiness
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
	Chapter 7 Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice
		LEGAL CONCEPTS
			Definition of Law
			Sources of Laws
			Court System
		PROFESSIONAL AND LEGAL REGULATION OF NURSING PRACTICE
			Nurse Practice Acts
			Standards
			Credentialing
		CRIMES AND TORTS
			Crime
			Torts
		LEGAL SAFEGUARDS FOR THE NURSE
			Competent Practice
			Issues That Affect Competent Practice
			Informed Consent or Refusal
			Contracts
			Collective Bargaining
			Patient Education
			Executing Provider Orders
			Delegating Nursing Care
			Documentation
			Appropriate Use of Social Media
			Adequate Staffing
			Whistle-Blowing
			Professional Liability Insurance
			Risk-Management Programs
			Just Culture
			Incident, Variance, or Occurrence Reports
			Sentinel Events
			Never Events
			Patients’ Rights
			Good Samaritan Laws
			Student Liability
		LAWS AFFECTING NURSING PRACTICE
			Occupational Safety and Health
			National Practitioner Data Bank
			Reporting Obligations
			Controlled Substances
			Discrimination and Sexual Harassment
			Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
			Restraints
			People With Disabilities
			Wills
			Legal Issues Related to Dying and Death
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
	Chapter 8 Communication
		PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION
		FORMS OF COMMUNICATION
			Verbal Communication
			Nonverbal Communication
			Communication Technologies
		LEVELS OF COMMUNICATION
			Intrapersonal Communication
			Interpersonal Communication
			Group Communication
		FACTORS INFLUENCING COMMUNICATION
			Developmental Level
			Sociocultural Differences
			Roles and Responsibilities
			Space and Territoriality
			Physical, Mental, and Emotional State
			Values
			Environment
		DOCUMENTING COMMUNICATION
		EFFECTIVE PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION
			Hand-off Communication: SBAR
			Rising Level of Concern Communication: CUS
		USING PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION IN THE THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIP
			Therapeutic Versus Social Relationships
			Characteristics of the Therapeutic Nurse–Patient Relationship
			Goals of the Therapeutic Relationship
			Phases of the Therapeutic Relationship
			Factors Promoting Effective Communication Within the Therapeutic Relationship
		DEVELOPING PROFESSIONAL THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION SKILLS
			Conversation Skills
			Listening Skills
			Silence
			Touch
			Humor
			Interviewing Techniques
			Assertive versus Aggressive Behaviors and Communication
		BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION
			Failure to Perceive the Patient as a Human Being
			Failure to Listen
			Nontherapeutic Comments and Questions
			Changing the Subject
			Giving False Assurance
			Gossip and Rumor
		DISRUPTIVE INTERPERSONAL BEHAVIOR AND COMMUNICATION
			Incivility and Bullying
			Verbally and Physically Aggressive Patients
			Responses to Disruptive Behaviors and Communication
		IMPAIRED VERBAL COMMUNICATION
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
	Chapter 9 Teaching and Counseling
		AIMS OF TEACHING AND COUNSELING
			Maintaining and Promoting Health
			Preventing Illness
			Restoring Health
			Facilitating Coping
			Promoting Outcomes
		NURSE AS TEACHER
			Factors Affecting Patient Learning
			Learning Domains
			Effective Communication Techniques
		NURSE AS COUNSELOR
			Types of Counseling
			Referrals
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
	Chapter 10 Leading, Managing, and Delegating
		LEADERSHIP
			Leadership Qualities
			Personal Leadership Skills
			Leadership Styles
		MANAGEMENT
			Centralized and Decentralized Management Structures
			Conflict Management and Engagement
			Managing Change
			Management Strategies
			Power
		IMPLEMENTING LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT SKILLS IN NURSING CARE
			Patient Care Coordination
			Clinical Nurse Leader Role
			Delegating Nursing Care
			Knowledge of the Administrative Structure
			Support for Leadership Training
			Developing Resilience
			Leadership and Advancing Clinician Well-Being
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
Unit II Health Care Delivery
	Chapter 11 Health Care Delivery System
		HEALTH CARE: THE BIG PICTURE
			Access to Health Care
			Quality and Safety
			Affordability
			How the U.S. Health Care System Compares Internationally
		HEALTH CARE REFORM
		ORGANIZING HEALTH CARE: PRIMARY, SECONDARY, AND TERTIARY CARE
		ORGANIZING HEALTH CARE: HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEMS AND CARE COORDINATION
			Health Care Providers and Hospitals
			Multispecialty Group Practice
			Community Health Centers
			Prepaid Group Practice
			Accountable Care Organizations
			Medical Homes to Medical Neighborhoods
			Care Coordination
		PAYING FOR HEALTH CARE
			Out-of-Pocket Payment
			Individual Private Insurance
			Employer-Based Private Insurance
			Government Financing
		HEALTH CARE SETTINGS AND SERVICES
			Hospitals
			Primary Care Centers
			Ambulatory Care Centers and Clinics
			Home Health Care
			Extended-Care Services
			Specialized Care Centers and Settings
			Health Care Services for the Seriously Ill and Dying
		HEALTH CARE FACILITIES
			Voluntary Facilities
			Other Government Facilities
		COLLABORATIVE CARE: THE INTERPROFESSIONAL HEALTH CARE TEAM
		TRENDS AND ISSUES IN HEALTH CARE DELIVERY
			Focus on Preventive Care
			Knowledgeable and Engaged Consumers
			Mobile Health
			Racial Justice and Equity
		HEALTH CARE: A RIGHT, A PRIVILEGE, OR AN OBLIGATION OF A MORAL SOCIETY?
		NURSES’ ROLE IN HEALTH CARE REFORM
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
	Chapter 12 Interprofessional Collaborative Practice and Care Coordination Across Settings
		COMMUNITY HEALTH
		COMMUNITY-BASED NURSING CARE
			Qualities of the Community-Based Nurse
			Roles of the Community-Based Nurse
		CONTINUITY OF CARE
		INTERPROFESSIONAL COLLABORATIVE PRACTICE
			Components of Effective Team Structure
			Core Competencies for Interprofessional Collaborative Practice
		CARE COORDINATION
			Validation of Nursing Care Coordination Activities
			Why Care Coordination Now?
			Care Coordinator
			Populations With Special Care Coordination Needs
			Admissions, Transfers, and Discharges
			Telehealth
		HOME HEALTH CARE NURSING
			Types of Home Health Care Facilities
			Patients and Family Caregivers
			Referrals for Home Care
			Orders for Home Care
			Safety Considerations
			Infection Prevention
			Reimbursement Sources
			Legal Considerations
		HOME VISITS
			Pre-entry Phase of the Home Visit
			Entry Phase of the Home Visit
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
Unit III Processes of Thoughtful, Person-Centered Practice
	Chapter 13 Blended Competencies, Clinical Reasoning, and Processes of Person-Centered Care
		THOUGHTFUL PRACTICE
		THOUGHTFUL, PERSON-CENTERED PRACTICE
			Theories of Caring
		PROFESSIONAL NURSE
			Personal Attributes
			Knowledge Base
			Blended Competencies
			QSEN Competencies
			Clinical Reasoning, Decision Making, and Clinical Judgment
		CLINICAL JUDGMENT MODEL
		NURSING PROCESS
			Historical Perspective
			Description of the Nursing Process
			Nursing Process Trends
			Characteristics of the Nursing Process
			Documenting the Nursing Process
			Benefits of the Nursing Process
			Evaluating the Use of the Nursing Process
			Concept Mapping
		REFLECTIVE PRACTICE
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
	Chapter 14 Clinical Judgment
		CONCEPTS RELATED TO CLINICAL JUDGMENT
			Critical Thinking
			Clinical Reasoning
			Clinical Judgment
			Situational Awareness
		MODELS RELATED TO CLINICAL JUDGMENT
			Tanner’s Clinical Judgment Model
			Developing Nurses’ Thinking Model
			California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory
			National Council of State Boards of Nursing
			Nursing Process—Thinking Like a Nurse
		DEVELOPING COMPETENCY IN NURSING PRACTICE
			Competency Outcomes Performance Assessment Model
			Professional Guidance
			Quality and Safety Education for Nurses
			Interprofessional Education Collaborative
		CLINICAL DECISION-MAKING THEORIES, MODELS, AND FRAMEWORKS
			Humanistic–Intuitive Approach
			Information-Processing Model
			Cognitive Continuum Theory
			Rest Framework
		INTEGRATING PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE
			Educational Experience
			Life Experience
			Health Care Experience
		IMPORTANCE OF REFLECTION
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
	Chapter 15 Assessing
		UNIQUE FOCUS OF NURSING ASSESSMENT
		ASSESSMENT, CLINICAL REASONING, AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
		ASSESSMENT AND INTERPERSONAL COMPETENCE
		TYPES OF NURSING ASSESSMENTS
			Initial Assessment
			Focused Assessment
			Quick Priority Assessments
			Emergency Assessment
			Time-Lapsed Assessment
			Triage Assessment
			Patient-Centered Assessment Method
		PREPARING FOR DATA COLLECTION
			Establishing Assessment Priorities
			Structuring the Assessment
		COLLECTING DATA
			Sources of Data
			Methods of Data Collection
			Problems Related to Data Collection
		IDENTIFYING CUES AND MAKING INFERENCES
		VALIDATING DATA
		CLUSTERING RELATED DATA AND IDENTIFYING PATTERNS
		REPORTING AND RECORDING DATA
			Timing
			Documentation
			Privacy, Confidentiality, and Professionalism
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
	Chapter 16 Diagnosis/Problem Identification
		EVOLUTION OF NURSING DIAGNOSIS
		UNIQUE FOCUS OF DIAGNOSING
			Patient Problems Versus Medical Diagnoses
		DIAGNOSTIC REASONING, CLINICAL REASONING, AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
		DIAGNOSTIC REASONING AND INTERPERSONAL COMPETENCE
		DATA INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS
			Recognizing Significant Data
			Recognizing Patterns or Clusters
			Identifying Strengths and Problems
			Identifying Potential Complications
			Reaching Conclusions
			Partnering With the Patient and Family
		FORMULATING AND VALIDATING NURSING DIAGNOSES AND PROBLEM STATEMENTS
			Terminology for Writing NANDA-I Approved Nursing Diagnoses
			Types of Nursing Diagnoses
			Terminology for Writing Problem Statements
			Guidelines for Writing Diagnostic Statements
			What Is Not a Diagnostic Statement
			Validating Diagnostic Statements
			Next Steps
		DOCUMENTING NURSING DIAGNOSES AND PATIENT PROBLEMS
			Importance of Patient Problems in Electronic Health Records
		NURSING DIAGNOSIS: A CRITIQUE
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
	Chapter 17 Outcome Identification and Planning
		UNIQUE FOCUS OF NURSING OUTCOME IDENTIFICATION AND PLANNING
			Critical Thinking/Clinical Reasoning and Judgment in Outcome Identification and Planning
			Interpersonal Competence in Outcome Identification and Planning: Working With Patients and Families
		COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING
			Initial Planning
			Ongoing Planning
			Discharge Planning
		ESTABLISHING PRIORITIES
			Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs
			Patient Preference
			Anticipation of Patient Needs
			Critical Thinking/Clinical Reasoning and Judgment and Establishing Priorities
		IDENTIFYING AND WRITING OUTCOMES
			Deriving Outcomes From Nursing Diagnoses/Problems
			Establishing Long-Term Versus Short-Term Outcomes
			Determining Patient-Centered Outcomes
			Using Cognitive, Psychomotor, and Affective Outcomes
			Identifying Clinical, Functional, and Quality-of-Life Outcomes
			Identifying Culturally Appropriate Outcomes
			Identifying Outcomes Supportive of the Total Treatment Plan
			Writing Patient-Centered Measurable Outcomes
			Avoiding Common Errors in Outcomes
			Ensuring Quality Outcomes
			Healthy People Goals
		IDENTIFYING NURSING INTERVENTIONS
			Nurse-Initiated Interventions
			Physician-Initiated and Collaborative Interventions
			Structured Care Methodologies
			Classification Systems
			Consulting
		DEVELOPING EVALUATIVE STRATEGIES
		COMMUNICATING AND RECORDING THE NURSING CARE PLAN
			Institutional and Facility Care Plans
			Student Care Plans
		PROBLEMS RELATED TO OUTCOME IDENTIFICATION AND PLANNING
		A FINAL WORD ABOUT STANDARDIZED LANGUAGES AND HOLISTIC, PERSON-CENTERED CARE
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
	Chapter 18 Implementing
		UNIQUE FOCUS OF NURSING IMPLEMENTATION
			Nursing’s Scope of Practice
			The Nursing Interventions Taxonomy Structure
			Care Coordination, Continuity, and the Nurse
		CRITICAL THINKING/CLINICAL REASONING AND JUDGMENT, AND IMPLEMENTING
		IMPLEMENTING AND INTERPERSONAL COMPETENCE
		TYPES OF NURSING INTERVENTIONS
			Nursing Interventions Classification
			Independent and Collaborative Interventions
			Protocols and Standing Orders
			Care Bundles
		IMPLEMENTING THE PLAN OF CARE
			Reassessing the Patient and Reviewing the Plan of Care
			Using Patient Boards or Dry-Erase Boards
			Clarifying Prerequisite Nursing Competencies
			Planning Ahead and Organizing Resources
			Anticipating Unexpected Outcomes and Situations
			Ensuring Quality and Patient Safety: Preventing Errors and Omissions
			Promoting Self-Care: Teaching, Counseling, and Advocacy
			Assisting Patients to Meet Health Outcomes
		CONTINUING DATA COLLECTION AND RISK MANAGEMENT
		DOCUMENTING NURSING CARE
		WHEN A PATIENT DOES NOT COOPERATE WITH THE PLAN OF CARE
		DELEGATING NURSING CARE
			Delegation and the Student Nurse
		GUIDE FOR STUDENTS
			Organizing Care
			Nursing Oneself
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
	Chapter 19 Evaluating
		UNIQUE FOCUS OF NURSING EVALUATION
		CLINICAL REASONING AND JUDGMENT AND EVALUATING
			Identifying Evaluative Criteria and Standards
			Collecting Evaluative Data
			Interpreting and Summarizing Findings
			Documenting Your Judgment
			Modifying the Care Plan
		EVALUATING QUALITY CARE
			Performance Improvement in Everyday Clinical Practice
			Establishing and Sustaining Healthy Work Environments
			Evaluative Programs
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
	Chapter 20 Documenting and Reporting
		DOCUMENTING CARE
			Guidelines for Effective Documentation
			Privacy and Confidentiality
			Facility Policies
			Delegating Documentation
			Purposes of Patient Records
			Methods of Documentation
			Formats for Nursing Documentation
		REPORTING CARE OR REQUESTING ACTION
			Change-of-Shift/Handoff Reports
			Telephone/Telemedicine Reports
			Transfer and Discharge Reports
			Reports to Family Members and Significant Others
			Incident Reports
		CONFERRING ABOUT CARE
			Consultations and Referrals
			Nursing and Interdisciplinary Team Care Conferences
			Nursing Care Rounds
			Purposeful Rounding
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
	Chapter 21 Informatics and Health Care Technologies
		HISTORY OF NURSING INFORMATICS
		NURSING INFORMATICS DEFINED
		NURSING INFORMATICS EDUCATION
		NURSING INFORMATICS PRACTICE
		SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFECYCLE
			Analyze and Plan
			Design and Develop
			Test
			Train
			Implement
			Maintain
			Evaluate
		INFORMATICS CONCEPTS
			System Usability
			System Optimization
			Standard Terminologies
			Interoperability
			Security and Privacy of Electronic Data
			Blockchain
		EMERGING AREAS IN THE FIELD OF INFORMATICS
			Patient Portals
			Health Care Analytics
			Telehealth and Mobile Technologies
			Hospital at Home
			Unique Nurse Identifiers
			Genetics and Genomics: Precision Medicine
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
Unit IV Developmentally Appropriate Care
	Chapter 22 Developmental Concepts
		PRINCIPLES OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
		FACTORS INFLUENCING GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
			Genetics, Genomics, and Epigenetics/Epigenomics
			Prenatal, Individual, and Caregiver Factors
			Environment and Nutrition
		OVERVIEW OF CLASSIC DEVELOPMENTAL THEORIES
			Theory of Psychoanalytic Development
			Theory of Cognitive Development
			Theories of Psychosocial Development
			Theories of Moral Development
			Theory of Faith Development
		APPLYING THEORIES OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT TO NURSING CARE
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
	Chapter 23 Conception Through Young Adulthood
		CONCEPTION AND PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT
			Pre-embryonic Stage
			Embryonic Stage
			Fetal Stage
		NEONATES: BIRTH TO 28 DAYS
			Physiologic Development
			Health of the Neonate
		INFANTS: 1 MONTH TO 1 YEAR
			Physiologic Development
			Cognitive Development
			Psychosocial Development
			Health of the Infant
			Role of the Nurse in Promoting Health and Preventing Illness
		TODDLERS: 1 TO 3 YEARS
			Physiologic Development
			Cognitive Development
			Psychosocial Development
			Health of the Toddler
			Role of the Nurse in Promoting Health and Preventing Illness
		PRESCHOOLERS: 3 TO 6 YEARS
			Physiologic Development
			Cognitive Development
			Psychosocial Development
			Moral and Spiritual Development
			Health of the Preschooler
			Role of the Nurse in Promoting Health and Preventing Illness
		SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN: 6 TO 12 YEARS
			Physiologic Development
			Cognitive Development
			Psychosocial Development
			Moral Development
			Spiritual Development
			Health of the School-Aged Child
			Role of the Nurse in Promoting Health and Preventing Illness
		ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS
			Physiologic Development
			Cognitive Development
			Psychosocial Development
			Moral Development
			Spiritual Development
			Health of the Adolescent and Young Adult
			Role of the Nurse in Promoting Health and Preventing Illness
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
	Chapter 24 Middle and Older Adulthood
		BIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF AGING
			Genetic Theory
			Neuroendocrine and Immunity Theories
			Stochastic Theories
		MIDDLE ADULTHOOD
			Physiologic Development
			Cognitive Development
			Psychosocial Development
			Adjusting to the Changes of Middle Adulthood
			Moral Development
			Spiritual Development
			Health of the Middle-Aged Adult
			Role of the Nurse in Promoting Health and Preventing Illness
		OLDER ADULTHOOD
			Unique Population
			Ageism and Common Stereotypes
			Physiologic Development
			Cognitive Development
			Psychosocial Development
			Adjusting to the Changes of Older Adulthood
			Moral and Spiritual Development
			Health of the Older Adult
			Older Adults and the Health Care System
			Role of the Nurse in Promoting Health and Preventing Illness
		CARING FOR AN AGING POPULATION
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
Unit V Actions Basic to Nursing Care
	Chapter 25 Asepsis and Infection Control
		INFECTION
			Infection Cycle
			Stages of Infection
			Infection Defense Mechanisms
			Factors Affecting the Risk for Infection
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
	Chapter 26 Vital Signs
		TEMPERATURE
			Physiology of Body Temperature
			Factors Affecting Body Temperature
			Normal Body Temperature
			Increased Body Temperature
			Decreased Body Temperature
			Assessing Temperature
		PULSE
			Physiology of the Pulse
			Factors Affecting the Pulse
			Normal Pulse Rate
			Increased Pulse Rate
			Decreased Pulse Rate
			Pulse Strength (Amplitude)
			Pulse Rhythm
			Pulse Elasticity
			Assessing the Pulse
		RESPIRATIONS
			Physiology of Respirations
			Factors Affecting Respirations
			Normal Respiratory Rate
			Increased Respiratory Rate
			Decreased Respiratory Rate
			Respiratory Depth and Rhythm
			Assessing Respirations
		BLOOD PRESSURE
			Physiology of Blood Pressure
			Factors Affecting Blood Pressure
			Normal Blood Pressure
			Increased Blood Pressure
			Decreased Blood Pressure
			Assessing Blood Pressure
		DIAGNOSING ACTUAL OR POTENTIAL HEALTH PROBLEMS AND NEEDS
		TEACHING VITAL SIGNS FOR SELF-CARE AT HOME
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
	Chapter 27 Health Assessment
		HEALTH ASSESSMENT
			Lifespan Considerations
			Cultural Considerations and Sensitivity
			Patient Preparation
			Environmental Preparation
			Nurse’s Role in Diagnostic and Laboratory Testing
		HEALTH HISTORY
			Biographical Data
			Reason for Seeking Health Care
			History of Present Health Concern
			Past Health History
			Family History
			Functional Health
			Review of Systems
		PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT
			Preparing for a Physical Examination
			Techniques of Physical Assessment
			Conducting a Physical Assessment
		DOCUMENTATION OF DATA
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
	Chapter 28 Safety, Security, and Emergency Preparedness
		PERSON-CENTERED ASPECTS OF SAFETY AND SECURITY
		DEVELOPMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
			Patient Environments
			Functional Ability
			Health
			Nursing Process
		ASPECTS OF SAFETY AND SECURITY
			Patient Safety
			Facility Safety
		POPULATION-BASED ASPECTS OF SAFETY AND SECURITY
			Safety in Schools
			Environmental Pollutants
			Community Violence
			Emergency Preparedness
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
	Chapter 29 Complementary and Integrative Health
		INTRODUCTION TO COMPLEMENTARY HEALTH APPROACHES
			Allopathic Medicine and Complementary Health Approaches
			Use of Complementary Health Approaches in the United States
			Growth of the Complementary Health Approaches Industry
		COMPLEMENTARY HEALTH APPROACHES CATEGORIES
			Mind–Body Practices
			Natural Products
			Other Complementary Health Approaches
		NURSING IMPLICATIONS OF COMPLEMENTARY HEALTH APPROACHES
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
	Chapter 30 Medications
		PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY
			Drug Nomenclature
			Types of Drug Preparations
			Drug Classifications
			Drug Indications
			Mechanisms of Drug Action
			Adverse Drug Reactions
			Factors Affecting Drug Action
			Drug Dose and Serum Drug Levels
			Drug Legislation
		PRINCIPLES OF MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION
			Medication Prescriptions and Orders
			Medication Supply Systems
			Dosage Calculations
			Using Safety Measures While Preparing Drugs
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
	Chapter 31 Perioperative Nursing
		THE SURGICAL EXPERIENCE
			Perioperative Phases
			Surgical Procedure Classification
			Anesthesia
			Informed Consent and Advance Directives
			Outpatient/Same-Day Surgery
		POSTOPERATIVE NURSING CARE
			Immediate Postoperative Assessment and Care
			Ongoing Postoperative Care
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
Unit VI Promoting Healthy Physiologic Responses
	32 Hygiene
		HYGIENE PRACTICES
		FACTORS AFFECTING PERSONAL HYGIENE
			Culture
			Socioeconomic Status
			Spiritual Practices
			Developmental Level
			Health State
			Personal Preferences
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
	33 Skin Integrity and Wound Care
		ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
			Structures of the Skin
			Functions of the Skin and Mucous Membranes
			Factors Affecting Skin Integrity
		WOUNDS AND PRESSURE INJURIES
			Wound Classification
			Wound Healing
			Pressure Injury
			Psychological Effects of Wounds and Pressure Injuries
		HEAT AND COLD THERAPY
			Effects of Applying Heat
			Effects of Applying Cold
			Physiologic Considerations
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
	Chapter 34 Activity
		PHYSIOLOGY OF MOVEMENT AND ALIGNMENT
			Skeletal System
			Muscular System
			Nervous System
			Normal Movement and Alignment
			Safe Patient Handling and Mobility
			Orthopedics
		FACTORS AFFECTING MOVEMENT AND ALIGNMENT
			Developmental Considerations
			Physical Health
			Mental Health
			Lifestyle
			Attitude and Values
			Fatigue and Stress
			External Factors
		EXERCISE
			Types of Exercise
			Effects of Exercise on Major Body Systems
			Risks Related to Exercise
			Effects of Immobility on the Body
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
	Chapter 35 Rest and Sleep
		REST AND SLEEP
		PHYSIOLOGY OF SLEEP
			Circadian Rhythms
			Stages of Sleep
		REST AND SLEEP REQUIREMENTS AND PATTERNS
		PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF INSUFFICIENT SLEEP
		FACTORS AFFECTING REST AND SLEEP
			Developmental Considerations
			Motivation
			Culture
			Lifestyle and Habits
			Environmental Factors
			Psychological Stress
			Illness
			Medications
		COMMON SLEEP DISORDERS
			Insomnia
			Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders
			Central Disorders of Hypersomnolence
			Circadian Rhythm Sleep–Wake Disorders
			Parasomnias
			Sleep-Related Movement Disorders
			Sleep Deprivation
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
	Chapter 36 Comfort and Pain Management
		EXPERIENCE OF PAIN
			Gate Control Theory of Pain
			Pain Process
			Types of Pain
			Responses to Pain
		FACTORS AFFECTING THE PAIN EXPERIENCE
			Cultural and Ethnicity Variables
			Environment and Support People
			Anxiety and Other Stressors
			Past Pain Experience
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
	Chapter 37 Nutrition
		PRINCIPLES OF NUTRITION
			Energy Balance
			Energy Nutrients
			Regulatory Nutrients
			Digestion
			Adequate Diet Selection
		FACTORS AFFECTING NUTRITION
			Physiologic and Physical Factors That Influence Nutrient Requirements
			Physical, Sociocultural, and Psychosocial Factors That Influence Food Choices
			Food Intake
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
	Chapter 38 Urinary Elimination
		ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
			Kidneys and Ureters
			Bladder
			Urethra
			Act of Urination
			Frequency of Urination
		FACTORS AFFECTING URINATION
			Developmental Considerations
			Food and Fluid Intake
			Psychological Variables
			Activity and Muscle Tone
			Pathologic Conditions
			Medications
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
	Chapter 39 Bowel Elimination
		ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
			Stomach
			Small Intestine
			Large Intestine
			Nervous System Control
			Defecation
		FACTORS AFFECTING BOWEL ELIMINATION
			Developmental Considerations
			Daily Patterns
			Food and Fluid
			Activity and Muscle Tone
			Lifestyle
			Psychological Variables
			Pathologic Conditions
			Medications
			Diagnostic Studies
			Surgery and Anesthesia
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
	Chapter 40 Oxygenation and Perfusion
		ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF OXYGENATION
			Respiratory System
			Cardiovascular System
		FACTORS AFFECTING CARDIOPULMONARY FUNCTIONING
			Level of Health
			Developmental Considerations
			Medication Considerations
			Lifestyle Considerations
			Social Determinants of Health
			Psychological Health Considerations
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
	Chapter 41 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid–Base Balance
		PRINCIPLES OF FLUID, ELECTROLYTES, AND ACID–BASE BALANCE
			Body Fluids
			Electrolytes
			Regulation and Homeostatic Mechanisms of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
			Acid–Base Balance
		DISTURBANCES IN FLUID, ELECTROLYTE, AND ACID–BASE BALANCE
			Fluid Imbalances
			Electrolyte Imbalances
			Acid–Base Imbalances
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
Unit VII Promoting Healthy Psychosocial Responses
	Chapter 42 Self-Concept
		OVERVIEW OF SELF-CONCEPT
			Dimensions of Self-Concept
			Formation of Self-Concept
			Preventing Adverse Child Experiences
			Factors Affecting Self-Concept
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
	Chapter 43 Stress and Adaptation
		BASIC CONCEPTS OF STRESS AND ADAPTATION
			Stress
			Stressors
			Adaptation
			Homeostasis
		MAINTENANCE OF PHYSIOLOGIC AND PSYCHOLOGICAL HOMEOSTASIS
			Physiologic Homeostasis
			Psychological Homeostasis
		EFFECTS OF STRESS
			Stress and Basic Human Needs
			Stress in Health and Illness
			Long-Term Stress
			Family Stress
			Crisis
		FACTORS AFFECTING STRESS AND ADAPTATION
			Sources of Stress
			Personal Factors
		STRESS AND ADAPTATION IN NURSING
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
	Chapter 44 Loss, Grief, and Dying
		CONCEPTS OF LOSS AND GRIEF
			Loss
			Grief
		DYING AND DEATH
			Definitions of Death
			Signs of Impending Death
			A “Good Death”
			Responses to Dying and Death
			Terminal Illness
			Effect on the Family
			Palliative Care and Hospice
			Ethical and Legal Dimensions
			Death Certificate
			Organ Donation
			Autopsy
		FACTORS THAT AFFECT GRIEF AND DYING
			Developmental Considerations
			Family
			Socioeconomic Factors
			Cultural, Gender, and Religious Influences
			Cause of Death
		SUICIDE PREVENTION: MENTAL HEALTH FIRST AID
		NURSE AS ROLE MODEL
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
	Chapter 45 Sensory Functioning
		SENSORY EXPERIENCE
			Reception and Perception
			Arousal Mechanism
		DISTURBED SENSORY PERCEPTION
			Sensory Deprivation
			Sensory Overload
			Sensory Deficits
			Sensory Processing Disorder
			Sensory Poverty
		FACTORS AFFECTING SENSORY STIMULATION
			Developmental Considerations
			Culture
			Personality and Lifestyle
			Stress and Illness
			Medication
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
	Chapter 46 Sexuality
		SEXUAL HEALTH
		SEXUAL EXPRESSION
			Masturbation
			Sexual Intercourse
			Oral–Genital Stimulation
			Abstinence
			Alternative Forms of Sexual Expression
		FACTORS AFFECTING SEXUALITY
			Developmental Considerations
			Culture
			Religion
			Ethics
			Lifestyle
			Menstruation
			Sexual Response Cycle
			Childbearing Considerations
			Sexually Transmitted Infections
			Sexual Dysfunction
			Effects of Illness, Injury, and Medications
		SEXUAL HARASSMENT
			Effects of Harassment
			Responding to Harassment in the Nursing Environment
		NURSE AS ROLE MODEL
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
	Chapter 47 Spirituality
		SPIRITUAL DIMENSION
		CONCEPTS RELATED TO SPIRITUALITY AND SPIRITUAL HEALTH
			Spirituality
			Faith
			Religion
			Hope
			Love
			Suffering
			Spiritual Health and Healing
			Spirituality and Everyday Living
			Spirituality, Health, and Illness
		FACTORS AFFECTING SPIRITUALITY
			Developmental Considerations
			Family
			Ethnic Background
			Formal Religion
			Life Events
		RELIGION AND LAW, ETHICS, AND MEDICINE
		PARISH NURSING
		DEVELOPING CLINICAL REASONING AND CLINICAL JUDGMENT
Back Matter
	Index
	Glossary
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APPENDIX
	Appendix A Guidelines for Delegation Decision Making
	Appendix B Equivalents
	Appendix C Normal Adult Laboratory Values