Fundamentals of Nursing

Half Title Page
Title Page
Imprint Page
Contents
Guide to the text
Guide to the online resources
Preface
Language and terminology
About the authors
Acknowledgements
Unit 01: Nursing Perspectives: Past, Present and Future
	Chapter 01: Evolution of Nursing Education and Theory
		Introduction
		Evolution of nursing education in Australia and New Zealand
		Trends in nursing education in Australia and New Zealand
		Theoretical foundations
		Scope of theories
		Evolution of nursing theory
		Selected nursing theories
		Chapter resources
	Chapter 02: Research and Evidence-Based Practice
		Introduction
		Research: substantiating the science of nursing
		Research process
		Research utilisation
		Evidence-based practice
		Evidence reports
		Trends in research and evidence-based practice
		Chapter resources
	Chapter 03: Health Care Delivery
		Introduction
		Health care delivery: organisational frameworks
		Health care team
		Factors influencing the delivery of health care
		Responses to health care changes and challenges
		Continuum of care
		Quality management in health care
		Organisational structure for quality management
		Nursing’s role in quality management
		Trends in health care delivery
		Chapter resources
Unit 02: Nursing Process: The Standard of Care
	Chapter 04: Critical Thinking, Decision-Making and the Nursing Process
		Introduction
		Critical thinking
		The nursing process
		Five steps of the nursing process
		Critical thinking applied in nursing
		Chapter resources
	Chapter 05: Clinical Assessment
		Introduction
		Purpose of assessment
		The three types of assessment
		Data collection
		Situational awareness
		Verifying and organising data
		Interpreting and documenting data
		Data documentation
		Chapter resources
	Chapter 06: Problem Identification
		Introduction
		What is problem identification?
		Importance of problem identification
		Components of problem identification
		Clinical judgement in nursing: identifying problem statements
		Avoiding errors in the development and use of problem identification
		Chapter resources
	Chapter 07: Planning
		Introduction
		Purpose of planning
		Process of planning
		Establishing goals and expected outcomes
		Components of goals and expected outcomes
		Problems frequently encountered in planning
		Planning nursing interventions
		Nursing care plan
		Chapter resources
	Chapter 08: Implementation
		Introduction
		Purpose of implementation
		Requirements for effective implementation
		Implementation activities
		Delegation of tasks
		Chapter resources
	Chapter 09: Evaluation
		Introduction
		Evaluation of care
		Components of evaluation
		Methods of evaluation
		Evaluation and quality of care
		Evaluation and accountability
		Multidisciplinary collaboration in evaluation
		Chapter resources
Unit 03: Professional Accountability
	Chapter 10: Leadership and Delegation
		Introduction
		Professional nursing practice
		Professional accountability
		Legislative accountability
		Individual accountability
		Leadership in nursing
		Power
		Chapter resources
	Chapter 11: Legal and Ethical Responsibilities
		Introduction
		Legal foundations of nursing
		Legal responsibilities and roles of nurses
		Legislation affecting nursing practice
		Ethical foundations of nursing
		Ethical principles
		Values and ethics
		Ethical codes of practice
		Ethical dilemmas and ethical decision-making
		Chapter resources
	Chapter 12: Documentation and Informatics
		Introduction
		The role of informatics
		Clinical information systems
		Documentation as communication
		Principles of effective documentation
		Methods of documentation
		Computers in nursing
		Chapter resources
Unit 04: Promoting Health
	Chapter 13: Nursing, Healing and Caring
		Introduction
		Nursing’s therapeutic value
		Theoretical perspectives of caring
		Health care relationship
		Caring and communication and characteristics of therapeutic nurses
		Therapeutic value of the nursing process
		Chapter resources
	Chapter 14: Communication
		Introduction
		The communication process
		Modes of communication
		Types of communication
		Barriers to therapeutic communication
		Communication roadblocks
		Communication, critical thinking and nursing process
		Chapter resources
	Chapter 15: Health and Wellness Promotion
		Introduction
		Health, illness and wellness
		Behaviours impacting on health
		Health promotion
		The individual as a holistic being
		Needs and health
		Promoting sexual health
		Chapter resources
	Chapter 16: Family and Community Health
		Introduction
		Family health
		Characteristics of healthy families
		Family development theories
		Threats to family integrity
		Community health and public-health nursing
		Disaster preparedness
		Chapter resources
	Chapter 17: The Life Cycle
		Introduction
		Fundamental concepts of growth and development
		Factors influencing growth and development
		Theoretical perspectives of human development
		Holistic framework for nursing
		Stages of the life cycle: the adult
		Chapter resources
	Chapter 18: Paediatric Care
		Introduction
		The prenatal and neonate periods
		The infant
		The toddler and the preschool-aged child
		The school-age child and preadolescent
		The adolescent
		Chapter resources
	Chapter 19: The Older Adult
		Introduction
		Defining old age
		Changes associated with ageing
		Medications and the older adult
		Abuse of the older adult
		Nursing process and the older adult
		Chapter resources
	Chapter 20: Palliative Care
		Introduction
		Understanding palliative care
		Palliative care
		Disease trajectories
		Working in palliative care
		Provision of palliative care
		Psychosocial, spiritual and emotional concerns
		The dying process
		Chapter resources
	Chapter 21: Cultural Diversity
		Introduction
		Health of culturally and linguistically diverse populations
		Multicultural communities working to improve health outcomes
		The health and wellbeing of multicultural communities
		Concepts of culture
		Culture in nursing care
		First Nations cultures in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand
		Culture in the nursing process
		Chapter resources
	Chapter 22: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples’ Health
		Introduction
		Culturally safe and responsive practice
		History
		Strength in partnerships
		Communication in clinical practice
		Chapter resources
	Chapter 23: Rural and Remote Health
		Introduction
		Characteristics of rural and remote communities
		Determinants of health
		Access to and use of health care
		Providing sustainable health care
		Role of the rural and remote nurse
		Health promotion
		Chapter resources
	Chapter 24: Health Care Education
		Introduction
		The importance of contemporary health education
		Barriers to learning
		Professional responsibilities related to teaching
		Learning throughout the life cycle
		Teaching–learning and the nursing process
		Chapter resources
Unit 05: Responding to Basic Psychosocial Needs
	Chapter 25: Self-Concept
		Introduction
		Components of self-concept
		Development of self-concept
		Factors affecting self-concept
		Nursing process and self-concept
		Chapter resources
	Chapter 26: Stress, Anxiety, Adaptation and Change
		Introduction
		Stress, anxiety and adaptation
		Types of stress
		Manifestations of stress
		Outcomes of stress
		Stress and illness
		Stress and change
		Nursing process with anxious people
		Personal stress-management approaches for the nurse
		Chapter resources
	Chapter 27: Spirituality
		Introduction
		Spirituality defined
		Health and spirituality in Australian and New Zealand First Nations’ cultures
		Spirituality and aged care
		Nursing process and spirituality
		Chapter resources
	Chapter 28: Loss and Grief
		Introduction
		Loss
		Grief
		Death
		Care after death
		Nurse’s self-care
		Chapter resources
	Chapter 29: Mental Health
		Introduction
		What is mental health?
		The history of mental health care
		The recovery model of mental health care
		Common mental disorders
		Assessment of mental disorders
		Treatment of mental disorders
		Dealing with stigma
		Mental health promotion
		Specialising in mental health nursing
		Working with culturally and linguistically diverse populations in mental health
		Chapter resources
Unit 06: Responding to Basic Physiological Needs
	Chapter 30: Vital Signs
		Introduction
		The physiological principles of oxygen delivery
		Recording of vital signs
		1. Pulse
		2. Blood pressure
		3. Respirations
		4. Temperature
		5. Oxygen saturation
		6. Level of consciousness
		The nursing process and vital signs
		Chapter resources
	Chapter 31: Physical Assessment
		Introduction
		Purposes of physical examination
		Preparation for physical examination
		Assessment techniques
		Diagnostic testing
		Physical assessment: areas to be assessed
		Post-assessment care of the person
		Data documentation
		Chapter resources
	Chapter 32: Safety, Infection Control and Hygiene
		Introduction
		Creating a culture of safety for people needing health care
		Safety for health care workers
		Infection-control basic practice
		Hygiene
		Assessment
		Problem identification and interventions
		Outcome identification and planning
		Implementation
		Evaluation
		Chapter resources
	Chapter 33: Medication Administration
		Introduction
		Medication standards and legislation
		Pharmacokinetics
		Medication nomenclature
		Medication action
		Professional roles in medication administration
		Systems of weight and measure
		Medication dose calculations
		Safe medication administration
		Medication compliance and legal aspects of administering medications
		Assessment
		Problem identification and planning and outcome identification
		Implementation
		Evaluation
		Chapter resources
	Chapter 34: Traditional and Complementary Therapies
		Introduction
		Historical influences on contemporary practices
		Allopathic medicine
		Contemporary trends in T&CM
		Holism and nursing practice
		Complementary therapies and interventions
		Nursing and T&CM approaches
		Chapter resources
	Chapter 35: Oxygenation
		Introduction
		Physiology of oxygenation
		Factors affecting oxygenation
		Assessment
		Problem identification
		Planning and outcomes
		Implementation
		Evaluation
		Chapter resources
	Chapter 36: Fluids and Electrolytes
		Introduction
		Physiology of fluid and acid-base balance
		Disturbances in electrolyte and acid-base balance
		Assessment
		Problem identification
		Implementation
		Evaluation
		Chapter resources
	Chapter 37: Nutrition
		Introduction
		Physiology of nutrition
		Understanding nutrients
		Promoting proper nutrition
		Factors affecting nutrition
		Assessing nutrition
		Problem identification
		Implementation
		Evaluation
		Chapter resources
	Chapter 38: Pain Management, Comfort and Sleep
		Introduction
		Pain
		Physiology of pain
		A person-centred pain assessment
		Pharmacological pain management
		Non-pharmacological interventions
		Evaluation
		Rest and sleep
		Factors affecting rest and sleep
		Chapter resources
	Chapter 39: Mobility
		Introduction
		Overview of mobility
		Physiology of mobility
		Physical activity
		Factors affecting mobility
		Physiological effects of mobility and immobility
		Assessment
		Problem identification
		Planning and outcomes
		Implementation
		Evaluation
		Chapter resources
	Chapter 40: Skin Integrity and Wound Healing
		Introduction
		Physiology of wound healing
		Factors affecting wound healing
		Wound classification
		Wound assessment
		Problem identification
		Planning and outcomes
		Implementation
		Pressure injuries
		Chapter resources
	Chapter 41: Sensation, Perception and Cognition
		Introduction
		Physiology of sensation, perception and cognition
		Factors affecting sensation, perception and cognition
		Sensory, perceptual and cognitive alterations
		Assessment
		Problem identification
		Implementation
		Evaluation
		Chapter resources
	Chapter 42: Elimination
		Introduction
		Physiology of elimination
		Factors affecting elimination
		Assessment
		Problem identification: common alterations in elimination
		Planning and outcomes
		Implementation
		Evaluation
		Chapter resources
	Chapter 43: Perioperative Nursing Care
		Introduction
		Surgical interventions
		Preoperative phase
		Intraoperative phase
		Post-op phase
		Chapter resources
Answers to review questions
Glossary
Symbols and abbreviations
Index