Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics

Cover......Page 1
CONTENTS......Page 5
PREFACE......Page 11
PHOTO CREDITS......Page 13
PART I: FUNDAMENTALS OF NANOSCOPIC PHYSICS......Page 16
 1 INTRODUCTION TO NANOELECTRONICS......Page 18
  1.1 The “Top-Down” Approach......Page 20
  1.3 Why Nanoelectronics?......Page 26
  1.4 Nanotechnology Potential......Page 28
  1.5 Main Points......Page 29
  1.6 Problems......Page 30
 2 CLASSICAL PARTICLES, CLASSICAL WAVES, AND QUANTUM PARTICLES......Page 31
  2.1 Comparison of Classical and Quantum Systems......Page 32
  2.2 Origins of Quantum Mechanics......Page 34
  2.3 Light as a Wave, Light as a Particle......Page 35
  2.4 Electrons as Particles, Electrons as Waves......Page 42
  2.5 Wavepackets and Uncertainty......Page 47
  2.6 Main Points......Page 55
  2.7 Problems......Page 56
 3 QUANTUM MECHANICS OF ELECTRONS......Page 58
  3.1 General Postulates of Quantum Mechanics......Page 60
  3.2 Time-Independent Schrödinger’s Equation......Page 77
  3.3 Analogies Between Quantum Mechanics and Classical Electromagnetics......Page 84
  3.4 Probabilistic Current Density......Page 86
  3.5 Multiple Particle Systems......Page 90
  3.6 Spin and Angular Momentum......Page 93
  3.7 Main Points......Page 95
  3.8 Problems......Page 96
 4 FREE AND CONFINED ELECTRONS......Page 100
  4.1 Free Electrons......Page 101
  4.2 The Free Electron Gas Theory of Metals......Page 105
  4.3 Electrons Confined to a Bounded Region of Space and Quantum Numbers......Page 106
  4.4 Fermi Level and Chemical Potential......Page 114
  4.5 Partially Confined Electrons—Finite Potential Wells......Page 116
  4.6 Electrons Confined to Atoms—The Hydrogen Atom and the Periodic Table......Page 126
  4.7 Quantum Dots, Wires, and Wells......Page 133
  4.9 Problems......Page 142
 5 ELECTRONS SUBJECT TO A PERIODIC POTENTIAL—BAND THEORY OF SOLIDS......Page 146
  5.1 Crystalline Materials......Page 147
  5.2 Electrons in a Periodic Potential......Page 151
  5.3 Kronig–Penney Model of Band Structure......Page 152
  5.4 Band Theory of Solids......Page 165
  5.5 Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes......Page 185
  5.6 Main Points......Page 191
  5.7 Problems......Page 192
PART II: SINGLE-ELECTRON AND FEW-ELECTRON PHENOMENA AND DEVICES......Page 196
 6 TUNNEL JUNCTIONS AND APPLICATIONS OF TUNNELING......Page 198
  6.1 Tunneling Through a Potential Barrier......Page 199
  6.2 Potential Energy Profiles for Material Interfaces......Page 205
  6.3 Applications of Tunneling......Page 210
  6.5 Problems......Page 225
  7.1 Coulomb Blockade......Page 227
  7.2 The Single-Electron Transistor......Page 250
  7.3 Other SET and FET Structures......Page 259
  7.4 Main Points......Page 270
  7.5 Problems......Page 271
PART III: MANY ELECTRON PHENOMENA......Page 274
 8 PARTICLE STATISTICS AND DENSITY OF STATES......Page 276
  8.1 Density of States......Page 277
  8.2 Classical and Quantum Statistics......Page 282
  8.4 Problems......Page 292
 9 MODELS OF SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM WELLS, QUANTUM WIRES, AND QUANTUM DOTS......Page 295
  9.1 Semiconductor Heterostructures and Quantum Wells......Page 297
  9.2 Quantum Wires and Nanowires......Page 309
  9.3 Quantum Dots and Nanoparticles......Page 313
  9.4 Fabrication Techniques for Nanostructures......Page 322
  9.5 Main Points......Page 328
  9.6 Problems......Page 329
 10 NANOWIRES, BALLISTIC TRANSPORT, AND SPIN TRANSPORT......Page 332
  10.1 Classical and Semiclassical Transport......Page 333
  10.2 Ballistic Transport......Page 343
  10.3 Carbon Nanotubes and Nanowires......Page 356
  10.4 Transport of Spin, and Spintronics......Page 361
  10.5 Main Points......Page 367
  10.6 Problems......Page 368
APPENDIX A: SYMBOLS AND ACRONYMS......Page 371
APPENDIX B: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS......Page 373
APPENDIX C: CONVENTIONAL MOSFETS......Page 377
 Problems Chapter 2: Classical Particles, Classical Waves, and Quantum Particles......Page 381
 Problems Chapter 4: Free and Confined Electrons......Page 382
 Problems Chapter 6: Tunnel Junctions and Applications of Tunneling......Page 384
 Problems Chapter 9: Models of Semiconductor Quantum Wells, Quantum Wires, and Quantum Dots......Page 385
 Problems Chapter 10: Nanowires, Ballistic Transport, and Spin Transport......Page 386
REFERENCES......Page 387
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 F......Page 397
 N......Page 398
 S......Page 399
 Z......Page 400