Fundamentals of Management

Front Cover
	Title Page
	Copyright Page
	Brief Contents
	Contents
	Preface
	About the Authors
Part 1 Introduction
	Chapter 1 Managing Today
		Who Are Managers and Where Do They Work?
			What Three Characteristics Do All Organizations Share?
			How Are Managers Different from Nonmanagerial Employees?
			What Titles Do Managers Have?
			Classic Concepts in Today’s Workplace
		What Is Management?
		3 Ways To Look At What Managers Do
		4 Functions Approach
		Management Roles Approach
		Skills and Competencies
			Is the Manager’s Job Universal?
		Why Study Management?
		Making Ethical Decisions inToday’s Workplace
		What Factors Are Reshaping and Redefining Management?
			Why Are Customers Important to the Manager’s Job?
			Managing Technology In Today’s Workplace  Is It Still Managing When What You’re Managing Are Robots?
			Why Is Innovation Important to the Manager’s Job?
			Importance of Social Media to the Manager’s Job
			Importance of Sustainability to the Manager’s Job
		What Employability Skills Are Critical for Getting and Keeping a Job?
			Wrapping It Up . . .
		Knowing: Getting Ready for Exams and Quizzes
			Chapter Summary By Learning Outcome
			Discussion Questions
		Applying:Getting Ready for the Workplace
			Management Skill Builder  Becoming Politically Adept
			Experiential Exercise
			Case Application #1—Training Better Managers . . . Now at Walmart
			Case Application #2—Managing without Managers
			Case Application #3—Destroying the World
			Endnotes
		History Module: A Brief History of Management’s Roots
			Early Management
			Classical Approaches
			Other Early Twentieth-Century Contributors: A DiversityPerspective
			Behavioral Approach
			Quantitative Approach
			Contemporary Approaches
			Endnotes
	Chapter 2 The Manager as Decision Maker
		How Do Managers Make Decisions?
			What Defines a Decision Problem?
			What Is Relevant in the Decision-making Process?
			How Does the Decision Maker Weight the Criteria and Analyze Alternatives?
			What Determines the Best Choice?
			What Happens in Decision Implementation?
			What Is the Last Step in the Decision Process?
			What Common Errors Are Committed in the Decision-making Process?
		What Are The 3 Approaches Managers Can Use To Make Decisions?
		Rational Model
		Bounded Rationality
		Classic Concepts in Today’s Workplace
		Intuition and Managerial Decision Making
		Managing Technology in Today’s Workplace  Making Better Decisions With Technology
		What Types of Decisions and Decision-making Conditions Do Managers Face?
			How Do Problems Differ?
			How Does a Manager Make Programmed Decisions?
			How Do Nonprogrammed Decisions Differ from Programmed Decisions?
			How Are Problems, Types of Decisions, and Organizational Level Integrated?
			What Decision-making Conditions Do Managers Face?
		How Do Groups Make Decisions?
			What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Group Decision Making?
			When Are Groups Most Effective?
			Making Ethical Decisions inToday’s Workplace
			How Can You Improve Group Decision Making?
		What Contemporary Decision-making Issues Do Managers Face?
			How Does National Culture Affect Managers’ Decision Making?
			Why Are Creativity and Design Thinking Important in Decision Making?
			How Is Big Data Changing the Way Managers Make Decisions?
		Knowing: Getting Ready for Exams and Quizzes
			Chapter Summary by Learning Outcome
			Discussion Questions
		Applying: Getting Ready for the Workplace
			Management Skill Builder  Being A Creative Decision Maker
			Experiential Exercise
			Case Application #1—Big Brown Numbers
			Case Application #2—The Business of Baseball
			Case Application #3—Slicing the Line
			Endnotes
		Quantitative Module: Quantitative Decision-Making Tools
			Payoff Matrices
			Decision Trees
			Break-even Analysis
			Linear Programming
			Queuing Theory
			Economic Order Quantity Model
	Chapter 3 Important Managerial Issues
		What Is Globalization and How Does It Affect Organizations?
			What Does It Mean to Be “global”?
			How Do Organizations Go Global?
		What Are The Different Types Of Global Organizations?
		What Do Managers Need to Know About Managing in a Global Organization?
			Classic Concepts in Today’s Workplace
		What Does Society Expect from Organizations and Managers?
			How Can Organizations Demonstrate Socially Responsible Actions?
			Should Organizations Be Socially Involved?
			What Is Sustainability and Why Is It Important?
			Making Ethical Decisions in Today'sWorkplace
		What Factors Determine Ethical and Unethical Behavior?
			In What Ways Can Ethics Be Viewed?
			How Can Managers Encourage Ethical Behavior?
			Managing Technology in Today’s Workplace  The Ethics of Data Analytics
		Knowing: Getting Ready for Exams and Quizzes
			Chapter Summary by Learning Outcome
			Discussion Questions
		Applying: Getting Ready for the Workplace
			Management Skill Builder  Building High Ethical Standards
			Experiential Exercise
			Case Application #1—Global Control
			Case Application #2—Serious About Sustainability?
			Case Application #3—Flagrant Foul
			Endnotes
Part 2 Planning
	Chapter 4 The Management Environment
		What Is the External Environment and Why Is It Important?
			What Is the Economy Like Today?
			Classic Concepts in Today’s Workplace
			What Role Do Demographics Play?
		How Does the External Environment Affect Managers?
			Managing Technology in Today’s Workplace  Can Technology Improve the Way Managers Manage?
			Making Ethical Decisions inToday’s Workplace
		What Is Organizational Culture?
		Dimensions of Organizational Culture
		How Does Organizational Culture Affect Managers?
			How Does Culture Affect What Employees Do?
			How Does Culture Affect What Managers Do?
		What Are Current Issues in Organizational Culture?
			Creating a Customer-responsive Culture
			Creating an Innovative Culture
			Creating a Sustainability Culture
			Creating an Ethical Culture
			Creating a Learning Culture
		Knowing: Getting Ready for Exams and Quizzes
			Chapter Summary by Learning Outcome
			Discussion Questions
		Applying: Getting Ready for the Workplace
			Management Skill Builder  Understanding Culture
			Experiential Exercise
			Case Application #1—Bad Ride. Bumpy Ride.
			Case Application #2—Not Sold Out
			Case Application #3—Extreme Openness
			Endnotes
	Chapter 5 Managing Change and Innovation
		What Is Change and How Do Managers Deal with It?
			Why Do Organizations Need to Change?
			Who Initiates Organizational Change?
			How Does Organizational Change Happen?
			Classic Concepts in Today’s Workplace
		How Do Managers Manage Resistance to Change?
			Why Do People Resist Organizational Change?
			What Are Some Techniques for Reducing Resistance to Organizational Change?
		What Reaction Do Employees Have To Organizational Change?
		What Is Stress?
		What Causes Stress?
		How Can Managers Encourage Innovation in an Organization?
			How Are Creativity and Innovation Related?
			What’s Involved in Innovation?
			Managing Technology In Today’s Workplace  Helping Innovation Flourish
			How Can a Manager Foster Innovation?
			How Does Design Thinking Influence Innovation?
		What Is Disruptive Innovation and Why Is Managing It So Important?
			Making Ethical Decisions in Today’sWorkplace
			What Is Disruptive Innovation?
			Why Is Disruptive Innovation Important?
			What Are the Implications of Disruptive Innovation?
		Knowing: Getting Ready for Exams and Quizzes
			Chapter Summary By Learning Outcome
			Discussion Questions
		Applying: Getting Ready for the Workplace
			Management Skill Builder  Stress Management
			Experiential Exercise
			Case Application #1—Defeating The System
			Case Application #2—The Next Big Thing
			Case Application #3—Time To Change?
			Endnotes
		Entrepreneurship Module: Managing Entrepreneurial Ventures
			What Is the Context of Entrepreneurship and Why Is It Important?
				What Is Entrepreneurship?
				Is Entrepreneurship Different from Self-employment?
				Classic Concepts in Today’s Workplace
				Who’s Starting Entrepreneurial Ventures?
				Why Is Entrepreneurship Important?
				What Do Entrepreneurs Do?
		What Happens In The Entrepreneurial Process?
		Exploring the Entrepreneurial Context
		Identifying Opportunities and Possible Competitive Advantages
		Starting the Venture
		Managing the Venture
			What Social Responsibility and Ethics Issues Face Entrepreneurs?
		What’s Involved in Planning New Ventures?
			What Initial Efforts Must Entrepreneurs Make?
			How Should Entrepreneurs Research the Venture’s Feasibility?
			What Planning Do Entrepreneurs Need to Do?
			What Additional Planning Considerations Do Entrepreneurs Need to Address?
		What’s Involved in Organizing an Entrepreneurial Venture?
			What Are the Legal Forms of Organization for Entrepreneurial Ventures?
			What Type of Organizational Structure Should Entrepreneurial Ventures Use?
			What Human Resource Management Issues Do Entrepreneurs Face?
			Managing Technology In Today’s Workplace  Startup Ideas: Cashing in on Technology
		What’s Involved in Leading an Entrepreneurial Venture?
			What Type of Personality Characteristics Do Entrepreneurs Have?
			How Can Entrepreneurs Motivate Employees?
			How Can Entrepreneurs Be Leaders?
			Making Ethical Decisions inToday’s Workplace
		What’s Involved in Controlling an Entrepreneurial Venture?
			How Is Growth Managed?
			How Are Downturns Managed?
			What’s Involved with Exiting the Venture?
			Why Is It Important to Think About Managing Personal Challenges as an Entrepreneur?
			Experiential Exercise
			Endnotes
	Chapter 6 Planning and Goal Setting
		What Is Planning and Why Do Managers Need to Plan?
			Why Should Managers Formally Plan?
			What Are Some Criticisms of Formal Planning and How Should Managers Respond?
			Does Formal Planning Improve Organizational Performance?
		What Do Managers Need to Know About Strategic Management?
			What Is Strategic Management?
			Why Is Strategic Management Important?
			What Are the Steps in the Strategic Management Process?
		What Strategies Do Managers Use?
		Corporate Strategy
		Competitive Strategy
		Functional Strategy
			What Strategic Weapons Do Managers Have?
			Making Ethical Decisions in Today’sWorkplace
		How Do Managers Set Goals and Develop Plans?
			What Types of Goals Do Organizations Have and How Do They SetThose Goals?
			Classic Concepts in Today’s Workplace
			What Types of Plans Do Managers Use and How Do They Develop Those Plans?
		What Contemporary Planning Issues Do Managers Face?
			How Can Managers Plan Effectively in Dynamic Environments and in Crisis Situations?
			How Can Managers Use Environmental Scanning?
			Managing Technology in Today’s Workplace  Using Social Media for Environmental Scanning
		Knowing: Getting Ready for Exams and Quizzes
			Chapter Summary by Learning Outcome
			Discussion Questions
		Applying: Getting Ready for the Workplace
			Management Skill Builder  Being A Good Goal Setter
			Experiential Exercise
			Case Application #1—Fast Fashion
			Case Application #2—Mapping a New Direction
			Case Application #3—Using Tech to Sell Pizza
			Discussion Questions
			Endnotes
Part 3 Organizing
	Chapter 7 Structuring and Designing Organizations
		What Are the Six Key Elements in Organizational Design?
			1 What Is Work Specialization?
			2 What Is Departmentalization?
			3 What Are Authority and Responsibility?
			4 What Is Span of Control?
			5 How Do Centralization and Decentralization Differ?
			6 What Is Formalization?
		What Contingency Variables Affect Structural Choice?
		Mechanistic or Organic
		Strategy → Structure
		Size → Structure
		Technology → Structure
		Environment → Structure
			Classic Concepts in Today’s Workplace
		What Are Some Common Organizational Designs?
			What Traditional Organizational Designs Can Managers Use?
			What Contemporary Organizational Designs Can Managers Use?
		What Are Today’s Organizational Design Challenges?
			How Do You Keep Employees Connected?
			How Do Global Differences Affect Organizational Structure?
			Making Ethical Decisions in Today'sWorkplace
			How Do You Build a Learning Organization?
			How Can Managers Design Efficient and Effective Flexible Work Arrangements?
			Managing Technology in Today’s Workplace  The Changing World of Work
		Knowing: Getting Ready for Exams and Quizzes
			Chapter Summary by Learning Outcome
			Discussion Questions
		Applying: Getting Ready for the Workplace
			Management Skill Builder  Increasing Your Power
			Experiential Exercise
			Case Application #1—Turbulence At United Air
			Case Application #2—Lift Off
			Case Application #3—A New Kind Of Structure
			Endnotes
	Chapter 8 Managing Human Resources and Diversity
		What Is the Human Resource Management Process and What Influences It?
			What Is the Legal Environment of Hrm?
			Classic Concepts in Today’s Workplace
		How Do Managers Identify and Select Competent Employees?
			Making Ethical Decisions in Today'sWorkplace
			1 What Is Employment Planning?
			2a How Do Organizations Recruit Employees?
			2b How Does a Manager Handle Layoffs?
			3 How Do Managers Select Job Applicants?
		How Are Employees Provided with Needed Skills and Knowledge?
			How Are New Hires Introduced to the Organization?
			Managing Technology in Today’s Workplace  Social and Digital Hr
			What Is Employee Training?
		Keeping Great People: Two Ways Organizations Do This
		Performance Management System
		Compensating Employees: Pay and Benefits
		What Contemporary Hrm Issues Face Managers?
			How Can Managers Manage Downsizing?
			What Is Sexual Harassment?
			How Are Organizations and Managers Adapting to a Changing Workforce?
		How Can Workforce Diversity and Inclusion Be Managed?
			What Is Workforce Diversity?
			What Types of Diversity Are Found in Workplaces?
			How Does Workforce Diversity and Inclusion Affect Hrm?
			What About Inclusion?
		Knowing: Getting Ready for Exams and Quizzes
			Chapter Summary By Learning Outcome
			Discussion Questions
		Applying: Getting Ready for the Workplace
			Management Skill Builder  Providing Good Feedback
			Experiential Exercise
			Case Application #1—Race Relations
			Case Application #2—Résumé Regrets
			Case Application #3—Spotting Talent
			Endnotes
		Professionalism Module: Professionalism and Employability
			What Is Professionalism?
		How Can I Show My Professionalism?
		How Can I Have a Successful Career?
			Assess Your Personal Strengths and Weaknesses
			Identify Market Opportunities
			Take Responsibility for Managing Your Own Career
			Develop Your Interpersonal Skills
			Practice Makes Perfect
			Stay Up to Date
			Network
			Stay Visible
			Seek a Mentor
			Leverage Your Competitive Advantage
			Don’t Shun Risks
			It’s Ok to Change Jobs
			Opportunities, Preparation, and Luck = Success
			Endnotes
	Chapter 9 Managing Work Groups and Work Teams
		What Is a Group and What Stages of Development Do Groups Go Through?
			What Is a Group?
			What Are the Stages of Group Development?
			Making Ethical Decisions in Today’s Workplace
		5 Major Concepts Of Group Behavior
		1 Roles
		2a Norms
		2b Conformity
		3 Status Systems
		4 Group Size
		5 Group Cohesiveness
			Classic Concepts in Today’s Workplace
		How Are Groups Turned into Effective Teams?
			Are Work Groups and Work Teams the Same?
			What Are the Different Types of Work Teams?
			What Makes a Team Effective?
			Managing Technology in Today’s Workplace  Keeping Connected: It and Teams
			How Can a Manager Shape Team Behavior?
		What Current Issues Do Managers Face in Managing Teams?
			What’s Involved with Managing Global Teams?
			When Are Teams Not the Answer?
		Knowing: Getting Ready for Exams and Quizzes
			Chapter Summary by Learning Outcome
			Discussion Questions
		Applying: Getting Ready for the Workplace
			Management Skill Builder  Developing Your Coaching Skills
			Experiential Exercise
			Case Application #1—Rx: Teamwork
			Case Application #2—Building Better Software Build Teams
			Case Application #3— Employees Managing Themselves—Good Idea Or Not?
			Endnotes
	Part 4 Leading
	Chapter 10 Understanding Individual Behavior
		What Are the Focus and Goals of Organizational Behavior?
			What Is the Focus of Ob?
			What Are the Goals of Organizational Behavior?
		What Role Do Attitudes Play in Job Performance?
			What Are the Three Components of an Attitude?
			What Attitudes Might Employees Hold?
			Do Individuals’ Attitudes and Behaviors Need to Be Consistent?
			What Is Cognitive Dissonance Theory?
			Making Ethical Decisions inToday’s Workplace
			How Can an Understanding of Attitudes Help Managers Be More Effective?
		What Do Managers Need to Know About Personality?
			How Can We Best Describe Personality?
			Managing Technology in Today’s Workplace  Increased Reliance on Emotional Intelligence
			Can Personality Traits Predict Practical Work-related Behaviors?
			How Do We Match Personalities and Jobs?
			Do Personality Attributes Differ Across Cultures?
			How Can an Understanding of Personality Help Managers Be More Effective?
		What Is Perception and What Influences It?
			What Influences Perception?
			How Do Managers Judge Employees?
			How Can an Understanding of Perception Help Managers Be More Effective?
		How Do Learning Theories Explain Behavior?
		Operant conditioning
		Social learning theory
		Shaping Behavior
			Classic Concepts in Today’s Workplace
		What Contemporary Ob Issues Face Managers?
			How Do Generational Differences Affect the Workplace?
			How Do Managers Deal with Negative Behavior in the Workplace?
		Knowing: Getting Ready for Exams and Quizzes
			Chapter Summary by Learning Outcome
			Discussion Questions
		Applying: Getting Ready for the Workplace
			Management Skill Builder | Understanding Employee Emotions
			Experiential Exercise
			Case Application #1—Alibaba: Motivation for the Long Haul
			Case Application #2 —Putting Customers Second
			Case Application #3—Adobe’s Advantage
			Discussion Questions
			Endnotes
	Chapter 11 Motivating and Rewarding Employees
		What Is Motivation?
		4 Early Theories Of Motivation (1950s & 1960s)
			1 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory
			2 McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y
			3 Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory
			4 McClelland’s Three-Needs Theory
		How Do the Contemporary Theories Explain Motivation?
			What Is Goal-setting Theory?
			How Does Job Design Influence Motivation?
			Classic Concepts in Today’s Workplace
			What Is Equity Theory?
			How Does Expectancy Theory Explain Motivation?
			How Can We Integrate Contemporary Motivation Theories?
		What Current Motivation Issues Do Managers Face?
			How Can Managers Motivate Employees When the Economy Stinks?
			How Does Country Culture Affect Motivation Efforts?
			How Can Managers Motivate Unique Groups of Workers?
			Making Ethical Decisions in Today’sWorkplace
			How Can Managers Design Appropriate Rewards Programs?
			Managing Technology in Today’s Workplace  Individualized Rewards
		Knowing: Getting Ready for Exams and Quizzes
			Chapter Summary by Learning Outcome
			Discussion Questions
		Applying: Getting Ready for the Workplace
			Management Skill Builder  Being a Good Motivator
			Experiential Exercise
			Case Application #1—One for the Money . . .
			Case Application #2—Unlimited Vacation Time? Really?
			Case Application #3—Passionate Pursuits
			Endnotes
	Chapter 12 Understanding Leadership
		Who Are Leaders, and What Is Leadership?
			Classic Concepts in Today’s Workplace
		What Do Early Leadership Theories Tell Us About Leadership?
		The Leader What Traits Do Leaders Have?
		The Behaviors What Behaviors Do Leaders Exhibit?
		University Of Iowa
		Ohio State
		University Of Michigan
		Managerial Grid
		What Do the Contingency Theories of Leadership Tell Us?
			What Was the First Comprehensive Contingency Model?
			How Do Followers’ Willingness and Ability Influence Leaders?
			How Participative Should a Leader Be?
			How Do Leaders Help Followers?
		What Is Leadership Like Today?
			What Do the Four Contemporary Views of Leadership Tell Us?
			Making Ethical Decisions in Today’sWorkplace
			What Issues Do Today’s Leaders Face?
			Managing Technology in Today’s Workplace  Virtual Leadership
		Why Is Trust the Essence of Leadership?
			A Final Thought Regarding Leadership
		Knowing: Getting Ready for Exams and Quizzes
			Chapter Summary by Learning Outcome
			Discussion Questions
		Applying: Getting Ready for the Workplace
			Management Skill Builder  Being A Good Leader
			Experiential Exercise
			Case Application #1—“Success Theater” at General Electric
			Case Application #2—Developing Gen Y Leaders
			Case Application #3—Investing in Leadership
			Endnotes
	Chapter 13 Managing Organizational and Interpersonal Communication
		How Do Managers Communicate Effectively?
			How Does the Communication Process Work?
			Are Written Communications More Effective Than Verbal Ones?
			Is the Grapevine an Effective Way to Communicate?
			How Do Nonverbal Cues Affect Communication?
			Classic Concepts in Today’s Workplace
			What Barriers Keep Communication from Being Effective?
			How Can Managers Overcome Communication Barriers?
		Technology And Managerial Communication
		Networked Communication
		Mobile Communication
			Managing Technology in Today’s Workplace  Office of Tomorrow
		What Communication Issues Do Managers Face Today?
			How Do We Manage Communication in an Internet World?
			How Does Knowledge Management Affect Communication?
			What Role Does Communication Play in Customer Service?
			How Can We Get Employee Input and Why Should We?
			Making Ethical Decisions in Today’sWorkplace
			How Do We Have Civil Conversations in the Workplace?
			How Does Workplace Design Affect Communication?
			Why Should Managers Be Concerned with Communicating Ethically?
		Knowing: Getting Ready for Exams and Quizzes
			Chapter Summary by Learning Outcome
			Discussion Questions
		Applying: Getting Ready for the Workplace
		Management Skill Builder  Being A Good Listener
		Experiential Exercise
		Case Application #1—#AthletesusingTwitter
		Case Application #2—Banning E-Mail. Banning Voice Mail.
		Case Application #3—Using Social Media for Workplace Communication
		Endnotes
Part 5 Controlling
	14 Controlling Work and Organizational Processes
		What Is Control and Why Is It Important?
			What Is Control?
			Why Is Control Important?
		What Takes Place as Managers Control?
			1 What Is Measuring?
			Making Ethical Decisions inToday’s Workplace
			Classic Concepts in Today’s Workplace
			2 How Do Managers Compare Actual Performance to Planned Goals?
			3 What Managerial Action Can Be Taken?
		What Should Managers Control?
			When Does Control Take Place?
		Keeping Track: What Gets Controlled?
			Keeping Track of An Organization’s Finances
			Keeping Track of Organization’s Information
			Keeping Track of Employee Performance
			Keeping Track Using a Balanced Scorecard Approach
		What Contemporary Control Issues Do Managers Confront?
			Do Controls Need to Be Adjusted for Cultural Differences?
			Managing Technology In Today’s Workplace Monitoring Employees
			What Challenges Do Managers Face in Controlling the Workplace?
		Knowing: Getting Ready for Exams and Quizzes
			Chapter Summary by Learning Outcome
			Discussion Questions
		Applying: Getting Ready for the Workplace
			Management Skill Builder  Disciplining Difficult Employees
			Experiential Exercise
			Case Application #1—Healthyfast Food?
			Case Application #2—If You Can’t Say Something Nice, Don’t Say Anything At All
			Case Application #3—Goals And Controls
			Endnotes
	Operations Module: Managing Operations
		What Do I Need to Know About Operations Management?
			What Is Operations Management?
			1 How Do Service and Manufacturing Firms Differ?
			2 How Do Businesses Improve Productivity?
			3 What Role Does Operations Management Play in a Company’s Strategy?
		What Is Value Chain Management and Why Is It Important?
			What Is Value Chain Management?
			What Are the Goals of Value Chain Management?
			How Does Value Chain Management Benefit Businesses?
		How Is Value Chain Management Done?
			What Are the Requirements for Successful Value Chain Management?
			What Are the Obstacles to Value Chain Management?
		What Contemporary Issues Do Managers Face in Managing Operations?
			1 What Role Does Technology Play in Operations Management?
			2 How Do Managers Control Quality?
			3 How Are Projects Managed?
			Final Thoughts on Managing Operations
			Endnotes
	Glossary
	Index