Fundamentals Of Fire Fighter Skills And Hazardous Materials Response

Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Brief Contents
Contents
Skill Drills
Acknowledgements
SECTION 1 Fire Fighter I
	CHAPTER 1 The Fire Service
		Introduction
		Fire Fighter Guidelines
		The Mission of the Fire Service
		The Culture of the Fire Service
		Fire Fighter Qualifications
			Age Requirements
			Education Requirements
			Medical Requirements
			Physical Fitness Requirements
			Emergency Medical Care Requirements
			Testing and Interview Requirements
		Roles and Responsibilities of Fire Fighter I and Fire Fighter II
			Roles and Responsibilities for Fire Fighter I
			Roles and Responsibilities for Fire Fighter II
		Roles Within the Fire Department
			General Roles
			Specialized Response Roles
		Working Within the Community
			Educating the Public about the Risks
		Working with Other Organizations
		Fire Department Governance
		The Organization of the Fire Service
			Company Types and Apparatus
			Other Views of Fire Service Organization
			Chain of Command
			Source of Authority
			Basic Principles of Organization
		The History of the Fire Service
			The American Fire Service
			Building Codes
			Training and Education
			Fire Equipment
			Communications
			Paying for Fire Service
		Fire Service in the United States Today
	CHAPTER 2 Fire Fighter Health and Safety
		Introduction
		Causes of Fire Fighter Deaths and Injuries
		Reducing Fire Fighter Deaths and Injuries
			Regulations, Standards, and Procedures
			Personnel
			Training
			Equipment
		Personal Health and Well-Being
			Physical Fitness
			Nutrition
			Sleep
			Heart Disease
			Cancer
			Tobacco, Alcohol, and Illicit Drugs
			Counseling and Critical Incident Stress Management
			Employee Assistance Programs
		Safety During Training
		Safety During the Emergency Response
			Alarm Receipt
			Riding the Apparatus
			Traffic Safety on the Scene
		Safe Driving Practices
			Laws and Regulations Governing Emergency Vehicle Operation
			Standard Operating Procedures for Personal Vehicles
			Vehicle Collision Prevention
			The Importance of Vehicle Maintenance
		Safety at the Incident
			Teamwork
			Personnel Accountability
			Scene Hazards
			Utilities
			Lifting and Moving
			Adverse Weather Conditions
			Rehabilitation
			Violence
		Safety at the Fire Station
		Safety Outside Your Workplace
	CHAPTER 3 Personal Protective Equipment
		Introduction
		Personal Protective Equipment
			Work Clothing
			Structural Firefighting Ensemble
			Donning Personal Protective Clothing
			Doffing Personal Protective Clothing
			Inspection and Maintenance of PPE
			Specialized Protective Equipment
		Respiratory Protection
			Respiratory Hazards of Fires
			Other Toxic Environments
			Conditions That Require Respiratory Protection
			Types of Breathing Apparatus
			Standards and Regulations
		Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus
			Components of SCBA
			Pathway of Air Through an SCBA
			Donning an SCBA
			Donning the Face Piece
			Safety Precautions for SCBA
			SCBA Use During Emergency Operations
			Doffing an SCBA
		Putting It All Together: Donning the Entire PPE Ensemble
		SCBA Inspection and Maintenance
			Operational Testing
			Replacing SCBA Cylinders
			Replacing an SCBA Cylinder on Another Fire Fighter
			Refilling SCBA Cylinders
			Cleaning and Sanitizing SCBA
	CHAPTER 4 Fire Service Communications
		Introduction
		The Communications Center
			Telecommunicators
			Communications Facility Center Requirements
			Communications Center Equipment
		Communications Center Operations
			Call Receipt
			Location Validation
			Call Classification and Prioritization
			Unit Selection
			Dispatch
			Operational Support and Coordination
			Status Tracking and Deployment Management
		Taking Calls: Emergency and Nonemergency Calls
			Touring the Communications Center
		Radio Systems
			Radio Equipment
			Radio Operation
			Using a Radio
	CHAPTER 5 Fire Behavior
		Introduction
		The Chemistry of Fire
			What Is Fire?
			States of Matter
			Fuels
			Types of Energy
			Conservation of Energy
			Conditions Needed for Fire
			Chemistry of Combustion
			Products of Combustion
			Fire Spread and Heat Transfer
			Methods of Extinguishment
		Classes of Fire
			Class A Fires
			Class B Fires
			Class C Fires
			Class D Fires
			Class K Fires
		Characteristics of Solid-Fuel Fires
			Composition of Fuel
			Amount of Fuel
			Configuration of Fuel
			Solid-Fuel Fire Development
			1. Incipient Stage
			2. Growth Stage
			3. Fully Developed Stage
			4. Decay Stage
		Fire Behavior in Modern Structures
		Wind Effect
		Characteristics of Liquid-Fuel Fires
		Characteristics of Gas-Fuel Fires
			Vapor Density
			Flammable Range
			Boiling Liquid/Expanding Vapor Explosions
		Smoke Reading
			Step 1: Determine the Key Attributes of Smoke
			Step 2: Determine What Is Influencing the Key Attributes
			Step 3: Determine the Rate of Change
			Step 4: Predict the Event
			Smoke Reading Through a Door
	CHAPTER 6 Building Construction
		Introduction
		Occupancy
		Contents
		Types of Construction Materials
			Masonry
			Concrete
			Steel
			Other Metals
			Glass
			Gypsum Board
			Wood
			Plastics
		Types of Construction
			Type I Construction: Fire Resistive
			Type II Construction: Noncombustible
			Type III Construction: Ordinary
			Type IV Construction: Heavy Timber
			Type V Construction: Wood Frame
			Hybrid Building Construction
		Building Components
			Foundations
			Floors and Ceilings
			Roofs
			Trusses
			Walls
			Doors and Windows
			Interior Finishes and Floor Coverings
			Exterior Finishes and Siding
		Buildings Under Construction or Demolition
		Building Collapse
			Environmental Factors
			Building Occupancy
			Existing Structural Instability
			Fire and Explosion Damage
			Lightweight Construction
		Preincident Planning and Incident Size-Up
	CHAPTER 7 Portable Fire Extinguishers
		Introduction
		Purposes of Fire Extinguishers
			Extinguishing Incipient Stage Fires
			Extinguishing Fires with the Appropriate Extinguishing Agent
		Methods of Fire Extinguishment
			Cooling the Fuel
			Cutting Off the Supply of Oxygen
			Interrupting the Chain of Reactions
		Classes of Fires
			Class A Fires
			Class B Fires
			Class C Fires
			Class D Fires
			Class K Fires
		Classification and Rating of Fire Extinguishers
		Labeling of Fire Extinguishers
			Traditional Lettering System
			Pictograph Labeling System
		Fire Extinguisher Placement
			Classifying Area Hazards
			Determining the Most Appropriate Placement of Fire Extinguishers
		Fire Extinguisher Design
			Portable Fire Extinguisher Components
			Wheeled Fire Extinguishers
		Types of Fire Extinguishers
			Water-Type Fire Extinguishers
			Dry-Chemical Fire Extinguishers
			Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers
			Class B Foam Fire Extinguishers
			Wet-Chemical Fire Extinguishers
			Halogenated-Agent Fire Extinguishers
			Dry-Powder Fire Extinguishers and Extinguishing Agents
		Use of Fire Extinguishers
			Locating a Fire Extinguisher
			Selecting the Proper Fire Extinguisher
			Ensuring Your Personal Safety
			Transporting a Fire Extinguisher
			Operating a Fire Extinguisher
		The Care of Fire Extinguishers
			Inspection
			Maintenance
			Recharging
			Hydrostatic Testing
	CHAPTER 8 Fire Fighter Tools and Equipment
		Introduction
		General Considerations
			Safety
			Conditions of Use/Operating Conditions
			Effective Use
		Functions
			Rotating Tools
			Pushing/Pulling Tools
			Prying/Spreading Tools
			Striking Tools
			Cutting Tools
			Multiple-Function Tools
			Special-Use Tools
		Phases of Use
			Response and Size-Up Tools and Equipment
			Forcible Entry Tools and Equipment
			Interior Firefighting Tools and Equipment
			Search and Rescue Tools and Equipment
			Ventilation Tools and Equipment
			Salvage and Overhaul Tools and Equipment
		Maintenance
			Cleaning and Inspecting Hand Tools
	CHAPTER 9 Ropes and Knots
		Introduction
		Types of Rope
			Life Safety Rope
			Escape Rope
			Water Rescue Throwline
			Utility Rope
			Webbing
		Rope Materials
			Natural Fibers
			Synthetic Fibers
		Rope Construction
			Twisted Rope
			Braided Rope
			Kernmantle Rope
		Rope Maintenance
			Care for the Rope
			Clean the Rope
			Inspect the Rope
			Store the Rope
		Knots
			Terminology
			Safety Knot
			Hitches
			Loop Knots
			Bends
		Hoisting
			Hoisting an Axe
			Hoisting a Pike Pole
			Hoisting a Ladder
			Hoisting a Charged Hose Line
			Hoisting an Uncharged Hose Line
			Hoisting an Exhaust Fan or Power Tool
	CHAPTER 10 Forcible Entry
		Introduction
		Forcible Entry Situations
		Forcible Entry Tools
			General Tool Safety
			General Carrying Tips
			General Maintenance Tips
			Types of Forcible Entry Tools
		Doors
			Basic Door Construction
			Construction Materials
			Types of Doors
		Windows
			Safety
			Glass Construction
			Frame Designs
		Locks
			Parts of a Door Lock
			Parts of a Padlock
			Safety
			Types of Locks
			Through-the-Lock Techniques
			Forcing Entry Through Doors with Drop Bars
			Forcing Entry Through Security Gates and Windows
		Breaching Walls and Floors
			Load-Bearing/Nonbearing Walls
			Exterior Walls
			Interior Walls
			Floors
		Systematic Forcible Entry
	CHAPTER 11 Ladders
		Introduction
			Primary Uses of Ground Ladders
			Other Uses of Ground Ladders
		Ladder Construction and Components
			Basic Ladder Components
			Extension Ladder Components
		Types of Ladders
			Aerial Apparatus
			Ground Ladders
		Inspection, Maintenance, and Service Testing of Ground Ladders
			Inspection
			Maintenance
			Service Testing
		Ladder Safety
			Lifting and Moving Ladders
			Placement of Ground Ladders
			Working on a Ladder
			Rescue
			Ladder Damage
		Using Ground Ladders
			Selecting the Ladder
			Removing the Ladder from the Apparatus
			Lifting Ladders
			Carrying Ladders
			Placing a Ladder
			Raising a Ladder
			Securing the Ladder
			Climbing the Ladder
			Dismounting the Ladder
			Working from a Ladder
			Descending a Ladder
		Inspect a Chimney
	CHAPTER 12 Search and Rescue
		Introduction
		Search and Rescue Operations
			Coordination with Fire Suppression Operations
			Search and Rescue Size-Up
			Search Coordination
			Search Priorities
		Search and Rescue Safety
			Risk Management
			Search and Rescue Tools and Equipment
			Methods to Determine Whether an Area Is Tenable
		Primary Search
			General Search Techniques
			Four Methods of Conducting a Primary Search
		Secondary Search
		Rescue Techniques
			Shelter-in-Place
			Exit Assist
			Simple Victim Carries
			Emergency Drags
			Assisting a Person Down a Ground Ladder
			Removing a Victim by Aerial Ladder or Platform
	CHAPTER 13 Ventilation
		Introduction
		Ventilation and Fire Behavior
			The Impact of Door Control
			The Impact of the Ventilation Location
			The Impact of the Ventilation Hole Size
			The Impact of Wind
			The Impact of Exterior Suppression
		Size-Up and Ventilation
			Location, Size, and Stage of Fire
			Type of Building Construction
		Timing and Coordination of Ventilation and Suppression
		Minimizing Backdrafts and Flashovers
			Backdrafts and Ventilation
			Flashovers and Ventilation
		Types of Ventilation
		Horizontal Ventilation
			Natural Ventilation
			Mechanical Ventilation
		Vertical Ventilation
			Safety Considerations in Vertical Ventilation
			Basic Indicators of Roof Collapse
			Roof Construction
			Vertical Ventilation Techniques
		Special Considerations
			Ventilating Basements
			Ventilating Concrete Roofs
			Ventilating Metal Roofs
			Ventilating High-Rise Buildings
			Ventilating Windowless Buildings
			Ventilating Large Buildings
		Equipment Maintenance
	CHAPTER 14 Water Supply Systems
		Introduction
		Municipal Water Systems
			Water Sources
			Water Treatment Facilities
			Water Distribution System
		Fire Hydrant Locations
		Types of Fire Hydrants
			Dry-Barrel Hydrants
			Wet-Barrel Hydrants
		Fire Hydrant Operation
			Operating a Dry-Barrel Fire Hydrant
			Operating a Wet-Barrel Fire Hydrant
		Fire Hydraulics
			Water Flow and Pressure
			Friction Loss
			Elevation Pressure
			Water Hammer
		Maintaining Fire Hydrants
			Inspecting Fire Hydrants
			Testing Fire Hydrants
		Rural Water Supplies
			Static Sources of Water
			Water Shuttle Operations
			Portable Tanks
	CHAPTER 15 Fire Hose, Appliances, and Nozzles
		Introduction
		Fire Hose
			Sizes of Hose
			Hose Construction
			Hose Couplings
			Supply Hose
			Attack Hose
		Hose Care, Maintenance, and Inspection
			Causes and Prevention of Hose Damage
			Cleaning and Maintaining Hose
			Hose Inspections
			Hose Testing and Records
		Hose Rolls
			Straight or Storage Hose Roll
			Single-Doughnut Hose Roll
			Twin-Doughnut Hose Roll
			Self-Locking Twin-Doughnut Hose Roll
		Hose Appliances
			Wyes
			Water Thief
			Siamese Connection
			Adaptors
			Reducers
			Hose Jacket
			Hose Roller
			Hose Bridge
			Hose Clamp
			Valves
			Master Stream Appliances
		Nozzles
			Nozzle Shut-Off
			Types of Nozzles
			Other Types of Nozzles
			Nozzle Maintenance and Inspection
	CHAPTER 16 Supply Line and Attack Line Evolutions
		Introduction
		Supply Line Evolutions
			Laying Supply Hose
			Loading Supply Hose
			Connecting an Engine to a Water Supply
			Supply Hose Carries and Advances
			Connecting Supply Hose Lines to Standpipe and Sprinkler Systems
		Attack Line Evolutions
			Loading Preconnected Attack Lines
			Wyed Lines
		Advancing Attack Lines
			Advancing Attack Lines from the Attack Engine to the Door
			Advancing Attack Lines from the Door to the Fire
			Extending an Attack Line
			Advancing an Attack Line from a Standpipe Outlet
		Replacing a Defective Section of Hose
		Draining and Picking Up Hose
		Unloading Hose
	CHAPTER 17 Fire Suppression
		Introduction
		Defensive, Offensive, and Transitional Attack Operations
			Defensive Operations
			Offensive Operations
		Operating Handlines
			Fire Streams
			Stream Placement
			Operating Large Handlines
		Operating Master Stream Appliances
			Deck Guns
			Portable Monitors
			Elevated Master Stream Appliances
		Specific Fire-Ground Operations
			Concealed-Space Fires
			Basement Fires
			Fires Above Ground Level
			Attic Fires
			Fires in Large Buildings
			Fires in Buildings During Construction, Renovation, or Demolition
			Fires in Lumberyards
			Fires in Stacked or Piled Materials
			Trash Container and Rubbish Fires
			Confined Spaces
			Protecting Exposures
			Solar Photovoltaic Systems
			Chimney Fires
		Vehicle Fires
			Types of Vehicles
			Alternative-Fuel Vehicles
			Responding to the Scene
			Attacking Vehicle Fires
			Overhauling Vehicle Fires
		Shutting Off Building Utilities
			Shutting Off Gas Service
			Shutting Off Electrical Service
			Shutting Off Water Service
	CHAPTER 18 Fire Fighter Survival
		Introduction
		Risk/Benefit Analysis
		Hazard Indicators
		Safe Operating Procedures
			Rules of Engagement for Fire Fighter Survival
			Team Integrity
			Personnel Accountability System
			Emergency Communications Procedures
			Rapid Intervention Crews/Companies
		Fire Fighter Survival Procedures
			Maintaining Orientation
			Self-Rescue
			Safe Locations
			Air Management
		Rescuing a Downed Fire Fighter
			Rapid Intervention Pack
		Rehabilitation
	CHAPTER 19 Salvage and Overhaul
		Introduction
		Lighting
			Lighting Methods
			Lighting Equipment
			Safety Principles and Practices
		Salvage Overview
			Safety Considerations During Salvage Operations
			Salvage Tools
		Using Salvage Techniques to Prevent Water Damage
			Deactivating Sprinklers
			Removing Water
		Using Salvage Techniques to Limit Smoke and Heat Damage
			Salvage Covers
			Floor Runners
			Other Salvage Operations
		Overhaul Overview
			Health Considerations During Overhaul
			Safety Considerations During Overhaul
			Preserving Evidence During Overhaul
			Where to Overhaul
		Overhaul Techniques
			Overhaul Tools
			Opening Walls and Ceilings
	CHAPTER 20 Fire Fighter Rehabilitation
		Introduction
		The Need for Rehabilitation
			Personal Protective Equipment
			Dehydration
			Energy Consumption
			Tolerance for Stress
		When Is Rehabilitation Needed?
			Extended Fire Incidents
			Other Types of Incidents Requiring Rehabilitation
			Severe Weather Conditions
		How Does Rehabilitation Work?
			Field Reduction of Contaminants
			Relief from Climatic Conditions
			Rest and Recovery
			Passive or Active Cooling or Warming
			Rehydration and Calorie Replacement
			Medical Monitoring
			Member Accountability
			Release and Reassignment
		Personal Responsibility in Rehabilitation
	CHAPTER 21 Wildland and Ground Cover Fires
		Introduction
		Wildland and Ground Cover Fires and the Fire Triangle
			Fuel
			Oxygen
			Heat
		Other Factors That Affect Wildland Fires
			Weather
			Topography
		Extinguishing Wildland Fires
			Anatomy of a Wildland Fire
			Methods of Extinguishment
			Fire Apparatus Used for Wildland Fires
		Types of Attacks
		Safety in Wildland Firefighting
			Ten Standard Firefighting Orders
			The Eighteen Watch Out Situations
			Lookouts, Communications, Escape Routes, and Safety Zones (LCES)
			Hazards of Wildland Firefighting
			Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment
		The Wildland/Urban Interface
			Strategic Considerations for the Wildland/Urban Interface
SECTION 2 Fire Fighter II
	CHAPTER 22 Establishing and Transferring Command
		Introduction
		Roles and Responsibilities of the Fire Fighter II
			Communications
		History of the Incident Command System
		Incident Command and the NIMS Model
			IS-100, IS-200, and IS-700
		The ICS Organization
			Command
			General Staff Functions
		Standard ICS Concepts and Terminology
			Single Resources and Crews
			Groups and Divisions
			Branches
			Location Designators
			Task Forces and Strike Teams
		Characteristics of the Incident Command System
			Jurisdictional Authority
			All-Risk, All-Hazard System
			Everyday Applicability
			Unity of Command
			Span of Control
			Modular Organization
			Common Terminology
			Integrated Communications
			Incident Action Plans
			Designated Incident Facilities
			Resource Management
		Size-Up
			Managing Information
			Resources
		Implementing the Incident Command System
			Establishing Command
			Transferring Command
		Incident Action Plan
			Incident Priorities
			RECEO-VS
			S.L.I.C.E.-R.S.
		Incident Reports
			Obtaining the Necessary Information
			Required Coding Procedures
			Reporting to NFIRS
			Consequences of Incomplete and Inaccurate Reports
		Crew Resource Management
	CHAPTER 23 Advanced Fire Suppression
		Introduction
		Command Considerations
			Life Safety
			Structural Collapse
			Fire Conditions
			Water Supply
			Staffing
			S.L.I.C.E.-R.S.
			Defensive Operations
			Offensive Operations
		Ventilation to Support Incident Priorities
			Venting for Life Safety
			Venting for Incident Stabilization
			Venting for Property Conservation
		Combustible and Flammable Liquid Fires
			Hazards
			Suppression
		Flammable Gas Containers
			Propane Gas
			Propane Hazards
			Flammable Gas Fire Suppression
		Introduction to Firefighting Foam
			Foam Extinguishing Mechanisms
			Foam Classifications
			Foam Concentrates
			Foam Equipment
			Foam Application
			Backup Resources
			Foam Apparatus
		Hose Testing and Records
	CHAPTER 24 Vehicle Rescue and Extrication
		Introduction
		Vehicle Anatomy
			Parts of a Motor Vehicle
			Motor Vehicle Frames
			Supplemental Restraint Systems
		Alternative-Fuel Vehicles
		Arrival and Size-Up of the Scene
			Traffic Hazards
			Fire Hazards
			Electrical Hazards
			Other Hazards
		Stabilization of the Scene
			Traffic Hazards
			Fire Hazards
			Electrical Hazards
			Other Hazards
		Gaining Access to the Victim
			Open the Door
			Break Tempered Glass
			Force the Door
			Provide Initial Medical Care
		Disentangling the Victim
			Displace the Seat
			Remove the Glass
			Remove the Steering Wheel
			Displace the Dashboard
			Displace the Roof
		Removing and Transporting the Victim
		Terminating an Incident
			Securing the Scene
	CHAPTER 25 Assisting Special Rescue Teams
		Introduction
		Types of Rescues Encountered by Fire Fighters
		Guidelines for Operations
			Be Safe
			Follow Orders
			Work as a Team
			Think
			Follow the Golden Rule of Public Service
		Steps of Special Rescue
			Preparing for the Response
			Responding to the Incident
			Arrival and Size-Up
			Stabilizing the Incident
			Gaining Access to the Victim
			Disentangling the Victim
			Removing the Victim
			Transporting the Victim
		Postincident Duties
			Security of the Scene and Preparation for the Next Call
			Postincident Analysis
		General Rescue Scene Procedures
			Approaching the Scene
			Mitigating Utility Hazards
			Providing Scene Security
			Using Protective Equipment
			Using the Incident Command System
			Ensuring Accountability
			Making Victim Contact
		Assisting Rescue Crews
			Vehicles and Machinery
			Confined-Space Rescue
			Rope Rescue
			Trench and Excavation Collapse Rescue
			Structural Collapse Rescue
			Cave and Tunnel Rescue
			Water and Ice Rescue
			Wilderness Search and Rescue
			Hazardous Materials Incidents
			Elevator and Escalator Rescue
			Industrial Rescue
		Active Shooter Incidents
		Tools and Equipment
			Lighting Equipment and Electrical Generators
			Power Tools and Equipment
	CHAPTER 26 Fire Detection, Suppression, and Smoke Control Systems
		Introduction
		Fire Alarm and Detection Systems
			Residential Fire Alarms
			Fire Alarm System Components
			Other Fire Alarm Functions
			Fire Alarm Annunciator Systems
			Fire Department Notification
		Fire Suppression Systems
			Automatic Fire Sprinkler Systems
			Standpipe Systems
			Special Hazard Suppression Systems
		Smoke Control Systems
			Passive Smoke Control
			Active Smoke Control
	CHAPTER 27 Fire and Life Safety Initiatives
		Introduction
		Fire and Life Safety Initiatives
			Fire Prevention
			Fire and Life Safety Education
		Conducting a Fire Safety Survey for a Private Dwelling
			Getting Started
			Outside Hazards
			Inside Hazards
			Other Hazards
			Closing Review
		Preincident Planning
			Target Hazards
		Conducting a Preincident Survey for a Building
			Preincident Planning for Response and Access
			Preincident Planning for Scene Size-Up
			Preincident Planning for Search and Rescue
			Preincident Planning for Forcible Entry
			Preincident Planning for Ladder Placement
			Preincident Planning for Ventilation
		Occupancy Considerations
			High-Rise Buildings
			Assembly Occupancies
			Healthcare Facilities
			Detention and Correctional Facilities
			Multifamily Residential Occupancies
		Locations Requiring Special Considerations
			Special Hazards
	CHAPTER 28 Fire Origin and Cause
		Introduction
		Why Do We Investigate Fires?
		Who Conducts Fire Investigations?
			Law Enforcement Authority
			Investigation Assistance
			Private Investigation Entities
		Legal Authority to Enter, Secure, and Transfer Property
		Determining the Point of Origin and Fire Cause
			Identifying the Point of Origin
			Determining Fire Cause
		Classifications of Fire Cause
			Accidental Fire Causes
			Natural Fire Causes
			Incendiary Fire Causes
			Undetermined Fire Causes
		Assisting the Investigator
			Collecting and Processing Evidence
			Identifying Witnesses
		Observations During Fire-Ground Operations
			Dispatch and Response
			Arrival and Size-Up
			Entry
			Search and Rescue
			Ventilation
			Fire Suppression Operations
			Salvage and Overhaul
			Nonstructural Fires
		Fire-Related Injuries and Fatalities
		The Crime of Arson
		Youth Firesetters
SECTION 3 Hazardous Materials Awareness Level
	CHAPTER 29 Hazardous Materials Regulations, Standards, and Laws
		Introduction
		What Is a Hazardous Material Anyway?
		Levels of Training: Regulations and Standards
			Awareness Level
			Operations Level
			Technician/Specialist Level
			Incident Commander
		Other Governmental Agencies
		Preplanning
	CHAPTER 30 Recognizing and Identifying the Hazards
		Introduction
		Scene Size-Up
			Safety
			Isolate
			Notify
		Containers
			Drums
			Carboys
			Cylinders
		Transportation and Facility Markings
			Safety Data Sheets
			The National Fire Protection Association 704 Marking System
			Hazardous Materials Information System
			Military Hazardous Materials/Weapons of Mass Destruction Markings
			Shipping Papers
			Pipelines
			The Emergency Response Guidebook
		Harmful Substances’ Routes of Entry into the Human Body
			Inhalation
			Absorption
			Ingestion
			Injection
SECTION 4 Hazardous Materials Operations Level
	CHAPTER 31 Properties and Effects
		Introduction
		Physical and Chemical Changes
		Critical Characteristics of Flammable Liquids
			Flash Point
			Ignition Temperature
			Flammable Range
			Vapor Pressure
			Boiling Point
			Vapor Density
			Specific Gravity
			Water Solubility
			Corrosivity (pH)
			Toxic Products of Combustion
			Radiation
		Hazard, Exposure, and Contamination
			Hazard and Exposure
			Contamination
			Secondary Contamination
		Chronic and Acute Health Effects
	CHAPTER 32 Understanding the Hazards
		Introduction
		Containers
			Ton Containers
			Intermodal Tanks
			Intermediate Bulk Containers
		Transporting Hazardous Materials
			Roadway Transportation
			Railroad Transportation
		Reference Sources
			CHEMTREC
			National Response Center
		Potential Terrorist Incidents
			Responding to Terrorist Incidents
			Initial Actions
			Interagency Coordination
			Chemical Agents
			Biological Agents
			Radiological Agents
			Illicit Laboratories
			Explosives
			Secondary Devices
	CHAPTER 33 Estimating Potential Harm and Planning a Response
		Introduction
		Estimating the Potential Harm or Severity of the Incident
			Resources for Determining the Size of the Incident
		Exposures
			Reporting the Size and Scope of the Incident
			Determining the Concentration of a Released Hazardous Material
			Skin Contact Hazards
		Plan an Initial Response
			Response Objectives
		Personal Protective Equipment
		Types of PPE for Hazardous Materials
			Street Clothing and Work Uniforms
			Structural Firefighting Protective Clothing
			High-Temperature–Protective Clothing and Equipment
			Chemical-Protective Clothing and Equipment
		Chemical-Protective Clothing Ratings
			Level A
			Level B
			Level C
			Level D
		Respiratory Protection
			Physical Capability Requirements
			Positive-Pressure Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus
			Supplied-Air Respirators
			Closed-Circuit SCBA
			Air-Purifying Respirators
			Powered Air-Purifying Respirators
		Decontamination
			Emergency (Field Expedient) Decontamination
			Secondary Contamination
	CHAPTER 34 Implementing the Planned Response
		Introduction
		Response Safety Procedures
			Scene Control Procedures
		Protective Actions at the Hazardous Materials Operations Level
			Evacuation
			Sheltering-in-Place
			Search and Rescue
			Safety Briefings
			The Buddy System and Backup Personnel
			Excessive-Heat Disorders
			Cold-Temperature Exposures
			Personal Protective Equipment: Physical Capability Requirements
		The Incident Command System
			Command
			General Staff Functions
		Role of the Operations Level Responder
	CHAPTER 35 Hazardous Materials Responder Health and Safety
		Introduction
		Overview of Fire Smoke
		Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen Cyanide: Silent Killers
		Smoke Inhalation Treatment
		Postfire Detection and Monitoring
			Why Use Detection Devices at the Fire Scene?
			Common Fire Scene Detection and Monitoring Technologies
		Fire Scene Detection and Monitoring Practices
SECTION 5 Hazardous Materials Operations Level: Mission Specific
	CHAPTER 36 Hazardous Materials Responder Personal Protective Equipment
		Introduction
		Single-Use Versus Reusable PPE
		Maintaining PPE
		Determining PPE Needs
		Specific PPE for Hazardous Materials Response
			Chemical-Protective Clothing and Equipment
			Chemical-Protective Clothing Ratings
			Respiratory Protection
		Safety
			Chemical-Protective Equipment Performance Requirements
			Responder Safety
		Responder Decontamination
			Going Through Decontamination in PPE
		Reporting and Documenting the Incident
	CHAPTER 37 Product Control
		Introduction
		Control Options
			Absorption and Adsorption
			Damming
			Diking
			Dilution
			Diversion
			Retention
			Remote Valve Shut-off
			Vapor Dispersion and ­Suppression
		Recovery
Glossary
Index