Fundamentals of Cosmic Particle Physics

001Download PDF (382.0 KB)front-matter......Page 1
Fundamentals of Cosmic \rParticle Physics......Page 2
Contents......Page 6
Preface to the English edition......Page 10
1 Introduction......Page 11
1. Theory of elementary particles – the standard model......Page 25
1.1. Quantum electrodynamics......Page 28
1.2. Gauge symmetry of quantum electrodynamics......Page 33
2. Aesthetic and practical reasons for the extension of the standard model......Page 45
2.2. New physics in modern models of Grand Unification......Page 48
2.3. Restrictions on baryon and lepton photons......Page 53
3.1. Physics of the neutrino mass......Page 55
3.2. Instability of the neutrino......Page 60
3.3. Axion solution to the problem of strong CP-violation in QCD......Page 66
3.4. Models of the invisible axion......Page 71
1.1. Expanding Universe......Page 79
1.2. Thermal electromagnetic background – trace of hot Universe......Page 85
1.3. Physical cosmology of the old Big Bang scenario......Page 90
2. Inflationary cosmology with baryosynthesis and dark matter/energy......Page 106
2.1. Magnetic monopoles in the old Big Bang model......Page 107
2.2. Inflationary recovery of the old Big Bang model......Page 118
2.3 Baryosynthesis......Page 126
2.4. Non-baryonic dark matter and dark energy......Page 130
4 Cosmoarcheology of early Universe......Page 134
1.1. Primordial black holes......Page 135
1.2. Primordial black holes as a manifestation of dust stages in theearly Universe......Page 138
1.3. Evaporation of PBHs......Page 146
2. The formation of black holes in the first order phase transitions......Page 148
2.1. Configuration of the field in the collision of bubble walls......Page 149
2.2. Gravitational collapse of the false vacuum bag and the formationof PBH......Page 151
2.3. First order phase transitions in the early Universe......Page 156
1. Effects of new particles and nucleosynthesis......Page 163
1.3. Non-equilibrium particles and abundance of 4He......Page 182
2.1. Distortion of the spectrum of thermal electromagneticbackground......Page 187
2.2. Dominance of metastable particles during nucleosynthesis......Page 193
6 Antiprotons in the Universe afterBig Bang nucleosynthesis......Page 201
1. PBH evaporation as the source of the nucleon–antinucleon pairs......Page 202
2. Effects of the annihilation of antiprotons with 4 He nuclei in theabundance of deuterium and 3He......Page 212
3. Constraints on sources of antiprotons......Page 217
3.2. Problem of relic gravitinos......Page 223
3.3. Constraints on the structure of domains of antimatter......Page 228
1. Non-equilibrium cosmological nucleosynthesis......Page 230
1.1. Kinetic equation for non-equilibrium particles......Page 231
1.2. Kinetic equation for weak sources in the RD stage......Page 235
1.3. Non-equilibrium nucleosynthesis. Some special cases......Page 240
2.1.1. Astro-nuclear experiment ASTROBELIX......Page 247
2.2. Constraints on antiprotons annihilating in the RD stage, from theobserved abundance of lithium and beryllium......Page 252
3.1. High-energy neutrinos on the RD stage......Page 254
3.1.2. Ultrahigh-energy neutrino background as a test of new physics......Page 258
3.3. Large volume experiments as a tool for cosmoparticle physics......Page 263
1.1. The problem of initial fluctuations......Page 267
1.2. The problem of self-consistent formation of structure of inhomogeneitiesand anisotropy of cosmic microwave background radiation......Page 270
1.3. Problem of physical consistency in the theory of large-scalestructure formation......Page 274
2. Neutrino mass and large scale structure of Universe......Page 276
2.1. Massive neutrinos in the Universe......Page 277
2.2. Gravitational instability of gas of massive neutrinos......Page 282
1.1. Constraints on unstable particles from the conditions offormation of the structure......Page 296
1.2. Difficulties of simple models of dark matter......Page 306
1.3. Arguments in favour of unstable dark matter component......Page 313
2.1. Condensation of dark matter in galaxies......Page 319
2.2. Annihilation of weakly interacting massive particles inthe Galaxy......Page 322
2.3. Search for WIMP in the Galaxy on the basis of their direct andindirect effects......Page 325
1.1. Equivalence of left and right in the nature......Page 337
1.2. Fractons and Alice strings......Page 340
2. Mirror particles in early Universe......Page 345
1.1. Symmetry of generations of fermions......Page 380
2.1. Inflation dynamics and the energy scale......Page 390
3.1. Unified description of various forms of dark matter on the basisof the hidden sector of models of horizontal unification......Page 404
3.2. Models of dark matter resulting in horizontal unification......Page 407
3.3. History of the Universe based on the model of horizontalunification......Page 415
References......Page 418
Index......Page 436