Fundamentals of Computer Networks

Preface
Contents
About the Authors
1: Introduction
	1.1	 What Are Computer Networks?
	1.2	 Short History
	1.3	 Applications
	1.4	 Standards
2: Digital Communications
	2.1	 Introduction
	2.2	 Transmission Media
		2.2.1	 Guided Media
		2.2.2	 Unguided Media
	2.3	 Encoding
		2.3.1	 Summary of Digital Signal Encoding Formats
	2.4	 Bit/Byte Stuffing
	2.5	 Multiplexing
	2.6	 Switching
3: Network Models
	3.1	 Introduction
	3.2	 OSI Model
		3.2.1	 The Physical Layer
		3.2.2	 The Data Link Layer
		3.2.3	 The Network Layer
		3.2.4	 The Transport Layer
		3.2.5	 Session Layer
		3.2.6	 Presentation Layer
		3.2.7	 Application Layer
	3.3	 TCP/IP Model
		3.3.1	 Physical Layer
		3.3.2	 Network Interface Layer
		3.3.3	 Internet Layer
		3.3.4	 Transport Layer
		3.3.5	 Application Layer
	3.4	 Application I: Internetworking Devices
		3.4.1	 Repeaters
		3.4.2	 Hubs
		3.4.3	 Bridges
		3.4.4	 Switches
		3.4.5	 Routers
		3.4.6	 Gateways
		3.4.7	 Brouters
	3.5	 Application II: Signaling Systems No. 7 (SS7)
		3.5.1	 SS7 Signaling Link Types
		3.5.2	 Comparative Relationship of SS7 to OSI
	3.6	 OSI Model and the IEEE Model
4: Local Area Networks
	4.1	 Introduction
	4.2	 Types of LANs
		4.2.1	 Star LAN Topology
		4.2.2	 The Bus LAN Topology
		4.2.3	 Token Ring Topology
		4.2.4	 LAN Tree Topology
	4.3	 Random Access
		4.3.1	 ALOHA
		4.3.2	 CSMA
		4.3.3	 CSMA/CD
		4.3.4	 CSMA/CA
	4.4	 Controlled Access
		4.4.1	 Token Ring-Based Access
		4.4.2	 Token Bus Access
5: The Internet
	5.1	 Introduction
	5.2	 Protocol Suite
		5.2.1	 TCP/IP Protocols
		5.2.2	 IP Address
		5.2.3	 Internet Services
	5.3	 Internet Applications
		5.3.1	 VOIP
		5.3.2	 Social Networking
		5.3.3	 Education
		5.3.4	 E-Commerce
		5.3.5	 Government
	5.4	 Privacy, Security, and Safety
		5.4.1	 Privacy
		5.4.2	 Security
		5.4.3	 Safety
	5.5	 Future Internet
		5.5.1	 IPv6
		5.5.2	 Internet2
6: Intranets and Extranets
	6.1	 Introduction
	6.2	 Intranets
	6.3	 Extranets
	6.4	 Key Technologies
7: Virtual Private Networks
	7.1	 Introduction
	7.2	 VPN Characteristics
	7.3	 Types of VPN
	7.4	 Applications
	7.5	 Benefits and Challenges
	7.6	 VPN Standards
8: Digital Subscriber Line
	8.1	 Introduction
	8.2	 ADSL
		8.2.1	 ADSL Operation
		8.2.2	 ADSL Modulation Techniques
		8.2.3	 Advantages of ADSL
		8.2.4	 Disadvantages of ADSL
		8.2.5	 Factors That Affect Speed
		8.2.6	 ADSL Standards
	8.3	 HDSL
		8.3.1	 HDSL Operation
		8.3.2	 Different Varieties of HDSL
		8.3.3	 Difference Between HDSL and ADSL
	8.4	 RADSL
		8.4.1	 Difference Between RADSL and ADSL
	8.5	 IDSL
	8.6	 VDSL
		8.6.1	 Differences Between VDSL and ADSL
9: Optical Networks
	9.1	 Introduction
	9.2	 Why Optical Fiber?
	9.3	 Major Optical Components
	9.4	 WDM-Based Networks
	9.5	 Passive Optical Networks
	9.6	 SONET
	9.7	 All-Optical Networking
	9.8	 Free-Space Optics
	9.9	 Applications
10: Wireless Networks
	10.1	 Introduction
	10.2	 Fundamentals of Wireless Networks
	10.3	 Wireless Local Area Network
	10.4	 Wireless Metropolitan Area Network
	10.5	 Wireless Wide Area Network
	10.6	 Wireless Personal Area Networks
	10.7	 Cellular Technologies
		10.7.1	 Fundamental Features
		10.7.2	 Cellular Network
	10.8	 Satellite Networks
		10.8.1	 Type of Satellites
		10.8.2	 Satellite Components
	10.9	 Wireless Sensor Networks
	10.10	 Advantages and Disadvantages
11: Network Security
	11.1	 Introduction
	11.2	 Malware
		11.2.1	 The Function of a Malware
		11.2.2	 Malware Removal Solutions
	11.3	 Firewall
		11.3.1	 The Firewall Protection
		11.3.2	 Benefits of Having a Firewall
		11.3.3	 The Limitations of a Firewall
	11.4	 Encryption
		11.4.1	 Public Key Encryption
		11.4.2	 Types of Encryptions
		11.4.3	 Encryptions and Decryptions
		11.4.4	 Digital Certificates and Digital Signatures
		11.4.5	 Encryption Standards
	11.5	 Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems
		11.5.1	 The Need for Intrusion and Prevention Systems
		11.5.2	 Implementation of IDS Technique
	11.6	 Cybersecurity
		11.6.1	 Mitigation Against Cybersecurity
12: Emerging Technologies
	12.1	 Internet of Things
		12.1.1	 History of Internet of Things
		12.1.2	 Evolution of Internet of Things
		12.1.3	 Examples of Various Internet of Things
		12.1.4	 IoT Enabling Technologies and Services
	12.2	 Big Data
		12.2.1	 What Is Big Data?
		12.2.2	 The Evolution of Big Data
	12.3	 Smart Cities
		12.3.1	 Traditional and Smart Cities
		12.3.2	 How to Become a Smart City
	12.4	 Blockchain Technology
		12.4.1	 Applications of Blockchain
		12.4.2	 Customized Blockchain Applications
			Software and Hardware Tools
			Ethereum Platform
			Accounts
			Smart Contracts
			Remix IDE
			Application Binary Interface (ABI)
			Key Management
	12.5	 Cloud Computing
		12.5.1	 Different Types of Cloud Computing
			Private Cloud
			Public Cloud
			Hybrid Cloud
		12.5.2	 Services Associated with Cloud Computing
			Platform as a Service (PaaS)
			Software as a Service (SaaS)
			Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
			Serverless Computing
		12.5.3	 Key Benefits of Cloud Computing
			Security
			Global Scale
			Cost
			Performance
			Speed
			Productivity
	12.6	 Fog Computing
	12.7	 Edge Computing
	12.8	 Emerging 5G Networks
		12.8.1	 Emerging Applications of the 5G Networks
			Automotive Applications
			Health Care/E-Health
			Virtual Ventures
			Smart Homes
	12.9	 Cybersecurity
		12.9.1	 Cybersecurity Techniques
		12.9.2	 Cybercrimes
		12.9.3	 Securing Enterprise Networks
Appendices
	Appendix A: Old Technologies
		X.25
		Frame Relay
		ISDN and BISDN
		ATM
		MPLS
	Appendix B: Queueing Theory
		Kendall’s Notation
		Little’s Theorem
		M/M/1 Queue
		Other Queueing Systems
Bibliography
Index