Fundamentals of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (Fundamentals of Complementary and Integrative Medicine)

Front Cover
Fundamentals of Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Copyright Page
Contributors
Reviewers
Foreword
Your “Good Medicine” Guide to CAM
Preface
Introduction
About the Author
Table of Contents
SECTION ONE: FOUNDATIONS OF COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
	CHAPTER 1. CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
		ROLE OF SCIENCE
		WELLNESS
		SELF-HEALING
		NUTRITION AND NATURAL PRODUCTS
		PLANTS
		INDIVIDUALITY
		FUNDAMENTALS
	CHAPTER 2. TRANSLATION FROM CONVENTIONAL MEDICINE
		HOLISM AND VITALISM
		MEDICAL ECOLOGY AND THE ADAPTATION MODEL
		BIOENERGETIC EXPLANATIONS FOR MANUAL THERAPIES
		AYURVEDA
		CHINESE MEDICINE
		HOMEOPATHY
		NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE AND HERBALISM
		GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES
	CHAPTER 3. ISSUES IN INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE
		NOMENCLATURE AND PHILOSOPHIES OF CARE
		MODALITIES OF CARE
		AVAILABILITY OF SERVICES
		MODELS OF INTEGRATION
		EFFECTIVENESS AND COST EFFECTIVENESS
		PRODUCTS FOR THE PRACTICE OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE
		REGULATION
		QUESTIONS ON THE PROPER USE OF HERBAL MEDICINES
		INTEGRATIVE PRACTICE: SOME SOLUTIONS
	CHAPTER 4. ECOLOGICAL PHARMACY: FROM GAIA TO PHARMACOLOGY
		THE GAIA HYPOTHESIS: STARTING WITH THE WHOLE, THE  INTERDEPENDENCE OF ORGANISM AND ENVIRONMENT
		COHERENT COUPLING, EXPANDING THE COEVOLUTION CONSTRUCT: ADAPTATION TO THE ENVIRONMENT
		COUPLING OF HUMANS WITH PHYTOCHEMISTRY: PLANT-HUMAN COALITIONS
		HORMESIS AND XENOHORMESIS—ADAPTATION TO THE PHYTOCHEMICAL ENVIRONMENT
		ECOLOGICAL PHARMACY: THE UNDERPINNINGS OF PHARMACOLOGY
		MOLECULAR MODES OF ACTIVITY
	CHAPTER 5. SOCIAL AND CULTURAL FACTORS IN MEDICINE
		REALITY, INTERPRETATION, AND RELATIVITY
		THE BEHAVIORAL FIELD OF HEALTH CARE
		CULTURAL CONCEPT OF THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
		MODALITIES OF HEALTH CARE
		EXPLANATORY MODELS
		CONCEPTS OF SICKNESS, DISEASE, AND IMBALANCE
		CONCEPTS OF THE PRACTITIONER-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP
		MAKING SENSE OF ALL THE VARIABILITY
		ROLE OF SCIENCE
		IMPORTANCE OF VIEWING HEALTH CARE AS A MATTER OF CULTURAL MODELING
		SUMMARY
	CHAPTER 6. VITALISM: FLOW, CONNECTION, AND THE AWARENESS OF BEING ALIVE
		TIME AND LIFE—THE BASIC QUESTIONS
		PRECURSORS I: THE LIFE-BREATH
		PRECURSORS II: THE FIRE OF LIFE
		PRECURSORS III: ANIMAL SPIRITS
		RISE AND FALL OF MAINSTREAM VITALISM
		MESMER’S FLUIDUM
		”FLUIDISM” MODERNIZED
		HEALING ENERGY
		OSTEOPATHY, CHIROPRACTIC, AND MASSAGE
		ACUPUNCTURE AND ITS OFFSHOOTS
		OTHER “ENERGY” TECHNOLOGY
		LIFE AND GRAVITY
		THE MIND, TRANCE, AND CHANNELLING
		PSYCHOLOGICAL ENERGIES
		HOMEOPATHY AND THE “SPIRIT-LIKE VITAL FORCE”
	HERBALISM, NATUROPATHY, AND THE VIS MEDICATRIX NATURAE
		DIALECTICS OF COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE—THE RETURN OF VITALISM
		CONCLUSION—VITALISM IN TWENTY-FIRST-CENTURY COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
SECTION TWO: MIND, BODY, AND SPIRIT
	CHAPTER 7. MIND-BODY THOUGHT AND PRACTICE IN EARLY AND LATE AMERICA
		OVERSEAS BEGINNINGS
		AMERICAN BEGINNINGS
		THE WEST WENT A LONG WAY TO FIND WHAT IT LEFT AT HOME
	CHAPTER 8. NEUROHUMORAL PHYSIOLOGY AND PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY
		NEUROHUMORAL MECHANISMS
		PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY
		SUMMARY
	CHAPTER 9. MIND-BODY MODALITIES
		HISTORICAL OVERVIEW
		ROLE OF CONSCIOUSNESS
		PSYCHOTHERAPY
		RELAXATION
		MEDITATION
		HYPNOSIS
		BIOFEEDBACK
		GUIDED IMAGERY
		MENTAL HEALING
		SPIRITUALITY AND HEALING
		COMBINED APPROACHES
	CHAPTER 10. ENERGY MEDICINE
		ENERGY AND ENERGY MEDICINE
		SUBTLE AND VITAL ENERGY
		STANDARDS AND QUALITY
		HOW GOOD IS GOOD ENOUGH?
		ORTHODOXIES AND PLACEBO
		MAGNETIC THERAPY
		DISTANT HEALING
		THERAPEUTIC TOUCH, HEALING TOUCH, AND ENERGY THERAPIES
		LIGHT, HEALING, AND BIOPHOTONS
		THE QUANTUM ENIGMA
		HOMEOPATHY AS ENERGY MEDICINE
		SUMMARY
	CHAPTER 11. BIOPHYSICAL DEVICES: ELECTRICITY, LIGHT, AND MAGNETISM
		U.S. SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT AND PRACTICE
		EMPIRICAL ASSUMPTIONS OF BIOPHYSICALLY BASED MODALITIES
		MAGNETISM
		LIGHT
		NONINVASIVE BIOPHYSICAL DEVICES FOR DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
	CHAPTER 12. THE ARTS IN MEDICINE
		HISTORY
		THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS AND MECHANISMS OF ACTION
		CURRENT PRACTICE AND GOALS
		MEDICAL ART THERAPY
		RESEARCH
		SPECIAL POPULATIONS
		SUMMARY
	CHAPTER 13. CREATIVE AND EXPRESSIVE THERAPIES
		INTRODUCTION AND THEORETICAL PREMISES
		HEALING OR TREATMENT
		CREATIVE ARTS, EXPRESSIVE THERAPIES, ARTS IN HEALTH CARE
		AMBIGUITIES IN HEALTH CARE ARTS PRACTICE
		EDUCATION, CREDENTIALING, AND PROFESSIONAL ISSUES
		CLINICAL AND RESEARCH LITERATURE
		SUMMARY
	CHAPTER 14. HUMOR
		WELLNESS—RECOGNIZING WHOLE POTENTIAL
		HUMOR
		HUMOR THERAPY IN PRACTICE
		THE GROWING WORLD OF HUMOR
		LAUGHING SPIRIT LISTENING CIRCLES
		THREE MYTHS ABOUT LAUGHTER THAT KEEP US FROM LAUGHING
		A DEFINITION OF HUMOR
		THE LAUGH MOBILE PROGRAM
		IT MAY BE SERIOUS, BUT IT NEEDN’T BE SOLEMN
		HUMOR IN HEALTH CARE
		HUMOR—ANTIDOTE FOR STRESS
SECTION THREE: MANUAL THERAPIES
	CHAPTER 15. PRINCIPLES OF BODYWORK: MANUAL AND MANIPULATIVE THERAPIES
		CONCEPTS APPLICABLE TO MANIPULATION AND BODYWORK PRACTICES
	CHAPTER 16. MASSAGE AND TOUCH THERAPIES
		THE BODY’S MATRIX—FASCIA
		MASSAGE APPLICATION
		ACUPRESSURE AND JIN SHIN DO
		AYURVEDIC MANIPULATION
		ENERGY WORK
		FELDENKRAIS METHOD (AWARENESS THROUGH MOVEMENT, FUNCTIONAL INTEGRATION)
		LYMPH DRAINAGE TECHNIQUES
		MUSCLE ENERGY TECHNIQUE
		MYOFASCIAL RELEASE
		NEUROMUSCULAR THERAPY (NEUROMUSCULAR TECHNIQUES)
		REFLEXOLOGY
		ROLFING AND OTHER STRUCTURAL INTEGRATION METHODS
		SHIATSU (ZEN SHIATSU)
		SPORTS MASSAGE
		STRAIN-COUNTERSTRAIN
		TRAGER WORK (PSYCHOPHYSICAL INTEGRATION AND MENTASTICS)
		TUI NA
		VISCERAL MANIPULATION
		OSSEOUS TECHNIQUES
		MASSAGE THERAPY PRACTICE SETTINGS
		SUMMARY
	CHAPTER 17. OSTEOPATHIC MEDICINE
		HISTORY
		OFFSHOOTS OF THE OSTEOPATHIC PROFESSION
		OSTEOPATHIC PHILOSOPHY
		OSTEOPATHIC TECHNIQUES
		DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT IN OSTEOPATHIC MEDICINE
		MANIPULATION AS A CRITICAL ASPECT OF OSTEOPATHIC PHILOSOPHY
		LEVELS OF IMPLEMENTATION
		CURRENT STATUS
		SUMMARY
	CHAPTER 18. CHIROPRACTIC
		HISTORICAL ROOTS, EVOLUTIONARY PROCESS
		BEGINNINGS OF A NEW PROFESSION
		INTELLECTUAL FOUNDATIONS
		THEORETICAL CONSTRUCTS AND PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS
		RATIONALE FOR CHIROPRACTIC ADJUSTMENT
		CLINICAL SETTINGS AND METHODOLOGIES
		RESEARCH
		METHODOLOGICAL CHALLENGES IN CHIROPRACTIC RESEARCH
		SAFETY OF ADJUSTMENT/MANIPULATION
		CHIROPRACTIC IN HEALTH CARE
	CHAPTER 19. REFLEXOLOGY
		THEORY
		INTERNAL ORGANS AND THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL BODY
		ZONE-RELATED REFERRAL AREAS
		NEGATIVE FEEDBACK LOOP
		BENEFITS AND SCOPE
		ADVERSE EFFECTS
		CREDENTIALING AND TRAINING
		SUMMARY
	CHAPTER 20. SHIATSU
		HISTORY
		PRINCIPLES AND PHILOSOPHY
		DIAGNOSIS
		PRACTICES, TECHNIQUES, AND TREATMENT
		TRAINING AND CERTIFICATION
		RESEARCH
SECTION FOUR: ALTERNATIVE WESTERN THERAPIES
	CHAPTER 21. NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE
		HISTORY OF “REGULAR” MEDICINE AND NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE*
		PRINCIPLES
		UNIFYING THEORY: THE HEALING POWER OF NATURE AND THE THERAPEUTIC ORDER
		DIAGNOSIS
		NATUROPATHIC CASE ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT
		THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES
		THERAPEUTIC APPROACH
		ACCOUNTABILITY IN NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE
		SCOPE OF PRACTICE, LICENSING, AND PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
		INTEGRATION INTO THE MAINSTREAM
		EDUCATION
		RESEARCH
		THE FUTURE
	CHAPTER 22. WESTERN HERBALISM
		DEFINITIONS
		CLASSIFICATIONS OF HERBALISTS
		HERBS AND MEDICINAL PLANTS
		GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE USE OF HERBS IN INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE
		RESEARCH IN FOOD AND MEDICINAL PLANTS
		PUBLIC POLICY ISSUES
		SUMMARY
	CHAPTER 23. AROMATHERAPY
		THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS
		AN EVER-EVOLVING THERAPY
		THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL
		EVALUATION
		CLINICAL APPLICATIONS
		ISSUES CONCERNING SAFE PRACTICE
		FUTURE POTENTIAL FOR THE THERAPY
		SUMMARY
	CHAPTER 24. HOMEOPATHY
		HISTORY
		THEORETICAL BASIS
		THE HOMEOPATHIC MATERIA MEDICA
		METHODOLOGY
		HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
		RESEARCH
		HOMEOPATHY TODAY
		SUMMARY
	CHAPTER 25. NUTRITION AND HYDRATION
		EATING HABITS OF EARLY HUMANS
		MODERN ERA: FOOLING MOTHER NATURE
		DISEASES OF AFFLUENCE
		WHAT SHOULD WE BE EATING?
		DIET AS THERAPY
		FOOD OR DRUG?
		FOOD ALLERGIES
		FUNCTIONAL FOODS
		NUTRITION VERSUS NOURISHMENT
SECTION FIVE: TRADITIONAL ETHNOMEDICAL SYSTEMS: ASIA
	CHAPTER 26. TRADITIONAL MEDICINE OF CHINA
		CHINA’S TRADITIONAL MEDICINE IN CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE
		HISTORY
		QI BO EXPLAINS THE ORDERLY LIFE OF TIMES PAST
		SO-CALLED CHINESE MEDICINE
		FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
		THERAPEUTIC METHODS
		CHINESE MEDICINE OVERSEAS
		PRACTICE SETTINGS
		RESEARCH AND EVALUATION
	CHAPTER 27. ACUPUNCTURE
		THE IDEA OF ACUPUNCTURE
		CORE ACUPUNCTURE THEORY AND PRACTICE
		TRADITIONS, SCHOOLS, STYLES, AND SYSTEMS
		ACUPUNCTURE RESEARCH
	CHAPTER 28. QI GONG
		DEFINITION
		HISTORY
		DAOIST DIALECTIC VIEW OF THE WORLD AND HUMANS
		DAOIST INFLUENCES ON QI GONG PRACTICE
		CLINICAL STUDIES ON THE EFFICACY OF INTERNAL QI GONG
		CLINICAL STUDIES ON THE EFFICACY OF EXTERNAL QI GONG
		SUMMARY
	CHAPTER 29. TRADITIONAL MEDICINE OF INDIA: AYURVEDA AND SIDDHA
		AYURVEDIC MEDICINE
		SIDDHA MEDICINE
		SUMMARY
	CHAPTER 30. UNANI MEDICINE
		THEORETICAL BASIS OF UNANI MEDICINE
		PRACTICAL BASIS OF UNANI MEDICINE
		SUMMARY
	CHAPTER 31. YOGA
		BACKGROUND AND HISTORY
		FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
		THE NATURE OF DIVINITY
		THE NATURE OF THE MANIFEST UNIVERSE (PRAKRITI)
		THE NATURE OF HUMANITY
		PATANJALI’S YOGA SUTRAS
		PATANJALI’S RAJA YOGA
		OTHER YOGIC PRACTICES
		STAGES OF THE SPIRITUAL JOURNEY
		INNER AWAKENINGS
		IMPORTANCE OF THE GURU
		APPLICATION OF YOGA
		THE HEART OF THE MATTER
	CHAPTER 32. CONTEMPORARY AYURVEDA
		HISTORY
		THEORETICAL BASIS: A “CONSCIOUSNESS MODEL” OF MEDICINE
		APPLICATION OF THE CONSCIOUSNESS MODEL IN MAHARISHI AYURVEDA
		COLLECTIVE HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT
		FUTURE DIRECTIONS
	CHAPTER 33. SUFISM AND RAPID HEALING
		HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
		THE WAY
		ISLAMIC TRADITIONS AND HEALTH
		FASTING
		MEDITATION
		PRAYER
		THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SUFISM
		FAITH
		PAN-ISLAMIC SUFISM AND HEALING TRADITIONS
		THE METAPSYCHOLOGY OF SUFISM AND RAPID WOUND HEALING
		SUMMARY
SECTION SIX: TRADITIONAL ETHNOMEDICAL SYSTEMS: AFRICA AND THE AMERICAS
	CHAPTER 34. INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS: SOUTHERN AFRICAN HEALING
		PROFESSIONALISM AND THE HEALING ARTS
		EXPLANATORY MODEL UNDERLYING TRADITIONAL HEALING IN SOUTHERN AFRICA
		EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
		PROFESSIONAL ACCREDITATION OF PRACTITIONERS
		PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATION: MONITORING STANDARDS OF CARE
		SOCIAL MANDATE: COMMUNITY INFLUENCE ON PROVISION OF CARE
		UNIQUE ASPECTS OF TRADITIONAL HEALING
		SUMMARY
	CHAPTER 35. NATIVE AMERICAN HEALING
		OPENING NOTE
		HISTORY
		WILLIAM PENN’S ACCOUNT OF TENOUGHAN’S SWEATBATH
		CULTURE
		CONTRIBUTIONS OF INDIAN PEOPLE TO MEDICINE AND HEALTH CARE
		ORIENTING CONCEPTS TO INDIAN MEDICINE
		TRENDS IN CONTEMPORARY INDIAN MEDICINE AND HEALTH CARE
		QUESTIONS FOR FURTHER DISCUSSION
		SUMMARY
	CHAPTER 36. SOUTH AMERICAN SPIRITISM
		SPIRITIST HOSPITALS AND HEALING CENTERS IN BRAZIL
		HISTORY OF SPIRITISM
		SUMMARY
	CHAPTER 37. LATIN AMERICAN CURANDERISMO
		HISTORY
		THEORETICAL BASIS
		SETTINGS FOR THE CURANDERISMO HEALING SYSTEM
		RESEARCH AND EVALUATION APPROACHES
	CHAPTER 38. GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES
		BACKGROUND
		ORGANIZATIONAL RELATION BETWEEN MODERN AND TRADITIONAL MEDICINE
		FACTORS INFLUENCING POLICY DEVELOPMENT
		WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION POLICY
		INTERNATIONAL PRESSURE TO CONSERVE BIODIVERSITY
		SUMMARY
	Index