Fundamentals of Bile Duct Injuries: From Prevention to Multidisciplinary Management

Epilogue
Contents
Contributors
Chapter 1: Introduction
	References
Chapter 2: Anatomical Considerations
	Introduction
	The Hilar Plate
	Anatomy of the Biliary Tree
	Main Bile Duct
	Biliary Confluence
	Right Hepatic Duct
	Left Hepatic Duct
	Variations of the Cystic Duct
	Subvesical Bile Ducts
	References
Chapter 3: Prevention
	Three Main Pillars to Primary Prevent a BDI
	Technical Recommendations
	References
Chapter 4: Essential Aspects BDI Management
	Primary Prevention
	Secondary Prevention
		Intraoperative Diagnosis
		Postoperative Diagnosis
		Early Repair
		Late Repair
	Tertiary Prevention
	Quaternary Prevention
	Conclusions
	References
Chapter 5: Physiopathology of BDI
	Introduction
	Physiopathology of BDIs
	Why Does a Bile Duct Injury Occur?
		Patient Dependent
		Institution-Dependent Factors
		Surgeon-Related Factors
	Types and Mechanisms of Injury
		Vascular Injury
		Biliary Injury
	Conclusions
	References
Chapter 6: Classification of BDI
	Introduction
	Bismuth Classification
	Strasberg Classification
	Stewart–Way Classification
	Conclusions
	References
Chapter 7: Intraoperative Diagnosis and Treatment
	Introduction
	Intraoperative Diagnosis
	Intraoperative Management and Repair Techniques
	Outcomes of Repairs in the Same Surgical Procedure
	Conclusions
	References
Chapter 8: Postoperative Diagnosis of BDI’s
	Introduction
	Clinical Assessment
		Partial or Total Section of the Bile Duct
		Total or Partial obstruction of the Bile Flow
	Complementary Studies
	Conclusions
	References
Chapter 9: Role of Imaging
	Introduction
	Prevention
	Diagnosis of a BDI in the Early Postoperative Period
	Diagnosis of a BDI in the Late Postoperative Period
	Planning Surgical Reconstruction
	Navigating the Uncertainties
	Vascular Evaluation
	Conclusions
	References
Chapter 10: Assessment of Vascular Structures in BDI’s
	Introduction
	Clinical Manifestation of AVI
	Vascular Compensatory System
	Diagnosis
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 11: Postoperative Treatment
	Introduction
	Treatment Overview
	Mechanism of Injury
	Septic Complications
	Non-septic Complications
	Definitive Treatment
	Treatment According to the Type of the Injury
	When Is the Best Time to Perform the Definitive Surgical Repair?
	References
Chapter 12: The Role of Percutaneous Procedures
	Introduction
	Clinical Presentation and Clinical Indication
	Abscesses and Bilomas
	Cholangitis
		Grade B Injuries
		Grade C Injuries
		Grade E Injuries
	Stenosis After Hepaticojejunostomy (HJ)
	Diagnostic Methods
	Equipment and Materials
		Materials
			Needles
			Guiding Wires
			Introducers
			Drains
	Percutaneous Procedures
		Drainage of Bilomas and Collections
	Percutaneous Drainage of the Bile Duct
	Percutaneous Bile Duct Dilatation and Stent Placement, lithotripsy
	Rendez-vous
	Complications
	Conclusions
	References
Chapter 13: Role of Endoscopic Procedures
	Introduction
	Endoscopic Management of Bile Leak
	Endoscopic Management of Biliary Strictures
	Technique
	Adverse events in Endoscopic Treatment
	Our Experience at the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires
	Conclusions
	References
Chapter 14: Role of Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS)
	Intraoperative Diagnosis and Contemporization
		Treatment of the Choleperitoneum
	Role of MIS in the Definitive Treatment of a BDI
		Intraoperatively Recognized BDI
		MIS Management of Contemporized BDI
	References
Chapter 15: Biliodigestive Anastomosis
	Introduction
	Special Considerations
	Technique
		Reconstruction of Multiple Ducts
	Frequent Complications of Biliodigestive Anastomosis
	Follow-Up
		Treatment of Post BA Strictures
	References
Chapter 16: Liver Resections
	Introduction
		BDI with AVI
		LR Without Underlying AVI
	Conclusions
	References
Chapter 17: Liver Transplantation
	Introduction
	Clinical Presentation
	Pathogenesis of End-Stage Liver Disease Due to BDIs
	Impact of the Problem
	Patient Selection
	Prognosis
	Prevention
	References
Index