Fundamentals of Architectural Lighting

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
PREFACE
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1: DISTRIBUTION OF LIGHT IN ARCHITECTURAL SPACE
	INTRODUCTION
	BASIC MODES OF DISTRIBUTION
	DOWNWARD DISTRIBUTION
		Concentrating & Diffusing Downward Distribution
	UPWARD DISTRIBUTION
		Concentrating & Diffusing Upward Distribution
	SIDEWARD DISTRIBUTION
		Concentrating & Diffusing Sideward Distribution
	MULTIDIRECTIONAL DISTRIBUTION
		Concentrating & Diffusing Multidirectional Distribution
	PATTERN & SPARKLE
		Pattern & Sparkle Distribution
Chapter 2: THE LUMINOUS ENVIRONMENT
	INTRODUCTION
	SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS
		Surface Reflectance & Finishes
	LUMINOUS ARCHITECTURAL SURFACES
		Brightness Intensity
		Creating Environmental Focus
		Modifying Spatial Proportions
		Ambient Luminescence
		Luminous Ceiling & Luminous Wall
		OLED Elements
	ARCHITECTURAL INTEGRATION
		Integration with Form & Surface
	SECONDARY LIGHT SOURCES
		Utilizing Refected Light
		Surface Reflectance & Intensity
	LIGHT & SHADOW
		Creative Use of Light & Shadow
		Conditioned Association
	PERCEPTION OF THE LUMINOUS ENVIRONMENT
		The Perception of Brightness
		Controlling Visual Clutter
		Visual Direction & Virtual Surfaces
		Visually Prominent & Subordinate Light Sources
	DISTRIBUTION OF BRIGHTNESS
		Horizontal & Vertical Plane Brightness
Chapter 3: DESIGN OF THE LUMINOUS ENVIRONMENT
	INTRODUCTION
	PRELIMINARY GUIDELINES
		General Design Concepts
		Range of Human Vision
	THE DESIGN PROCESS
		General Design Concepts
		Step-by-Step Method
		Lighting Research
		Subjective Appraisal
		Semantic Differential Scaling
	OFFICE & CLASSROOM LIGHTING
		General Guidelines
	RETAIL & DISPLAY LIGHTING
		General Guidelines
	RESTAURANT LIGHTING
		General Guidelines
	HEALTHCARE LIGHTING
		General Guidelines
	MUSEUM & EXHIBIT LIGHTING
		General Guidelines
	RESIDENTIAL LIGHTING
		General Guidelines
	DAYLIGHTING
		General Guidelines
Chapter 4: LIGHT & COLOR
	INTRODUCTION
	THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
		Electromagnetic Energy
		Refraction of Light
	PRIMARY COLORS
		Additive & Subtractive Colors
		Descriptive Characteristics
	COLOR MIXING
		Additive & Subtractive Mixing
		Efficiency of Light Sources
		White Light from Color Sources
		The Appearance of Colors
	SUBJECTIVE CHARACTERISTICS
		Color Temperature & Light Levels
		Relative Sensitivity of the Human Eye
		Perception & Adaptation
		Relative Color Attraction
		Complementary Afterimages
		Surface Colors & Brightness Contrast
		Color Perception
	COLOR OF WHITE LIGHT
		Color Temperature
		Spectral Energy Distribution
		Color Rendering & Color Association
	COLOR & CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS
		The Circadian Cycle
		The Range of White Light
	COLOR FILTERS
		Absorption Filters
		Interference Filters
	COLOR LIGHT SOURCES
		LED Lamps
		Incandescent Lamps
		Fluorescent Lamps
Chapter 5: LIGHTING QUALITY, COMFORT, & CONTROL
	INTRODUCTION
	THE RANGE OF HUMAN VISION
		Photopic, Mesopic, & Scotopic Vision
	REFLECTED GLARE
		Specular & Diffuse Surfaces
		Minimizing Veiling Reflections
		Transparent Surfaces & Veiling Reflections
	DIRECT GLARE
		Glare as a Function of Location
		Bare Lamp Glare
		Acceptable Glare
	DISCOMFORT & DISABILITY GLARE
	BRIGHTNESS RELATIONSHIPS
		Human Perception of Brightness
		Luminance Ratios
	BRIGHTNESS CONTROL & SHIELDING TECHNIQUES
	CONTROL TECHNIQUES
	SHIELDING TECHNIQUES
		Baffles & Louvers
		Reflected Images
		Brightness Control of Louvers & Baffles
		Material Transmittance
		Surface Reflectance
		Surface Shape & Form
		Diffusing Elements
		Louvers, Grilles, & Screens
		Large Diffusing Elements
		Louvers, Grilles, & Screens
	ENERGY MANAGEMENT
		ASHRAE/IES 90 Energy Reference Standard
		Lighting Controls & Lighting Control Matrix
	LIGHT TRANSMISSION
		Transmitting Characteristics
		Typical Transmitting Materials
	LIGHT REFLECTION
		Reflection Characteristics
		Typical Reflecting Material
	LIGHT REFRACTION
		Refraction Characteristics
		Lenses and Chromatism
		The Fresnel Lens
		Supplemental Reflectors
	REFLECTOR CONTOURS
		Basic Reflector Contours
		Parabolic & Elliptical Section
		Specular Reflector Light Control
		Diffuse Reflector Light Control
Chapter 6: ILLUMINATION MEASUREMENT & CALCULATION
	INTRODUCTION
	UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
		Lighting Units, Terms, & Definitions
		Examples of Everyday Illuminances
	ILLUMINATION CALCULATION
		The Lumen Method
		The Point-by-Point Method
		The Inverse-Square Law & Cosine Calculation
	RECOMMENDED LIGHTING LEVELS
		General Considerations
		Aspects of Lighting That Affect Recommendations
		Quanity & Quality of Lighting Levels
		Lighting Level General Guidelines
		Recommended Lighting Levels Tables
Chapter 7: LIGHT SOURCES & COMPONENTS
	INTRODUCTION
	LIGHT SOURCE SELECTION
		High-Performance Sources
		Incandescent Watts to Lumens Equivalent
		Typical Lamp Performance Values
	LED LAMPS
		Operating & Electrical Characteristics
		Physical Characteristics
		Color and Semiconductor Materials
		Representative Lamp Types
	FLUORESCENT LAMPS
		Operating Characteristics
		Ballasts & Circuits
		Representative Lamp Types
		Lamp & Ballast Wireways
	HALOGEN LAMPS
		Operating Characteristics
		Representative Lamp Types
	INCANDESCENT LAMPS
		Operating Characteristics
		Representative Lamp Types
		Silverbowl & Tubular Lamps
		Lampholders
	METAL HALIDE LAMPS
		Operating Characteristics
		Color Characteristics
		Representative Lamp Types
	HIGH- PRESSURE SODIUM LAMPS
		Operating Characteristics
		Color Characteristics
		Representative Lamp Types
	DIMMING CONTROL
		Dimming Basics
		High-Low Dimming Control
		Fluorescent Dimming
Chapter 8: LIGHTING APPLICATION & DETAILS
	INTRODUCTION
	LUMINAIRES
		Representative Luminaire Layouts
	WALL LIGHTING
		Wall Lighting from One Direction
		Representative Techniques
		With Specular Reflector
		With Diffuse Reflector
		Multiple Lamp Wall Lighting
		Spot & Flood Lamp Beam Patterns
		Par & R Lamp Beam Patterns
	COVE LIGHTING
		Lighted Ceiling & Wall Coves
		Representative Details
		Surface-Mounted Cove
		Cove Lighting Placement Ratios
	COFFER LIGHTING
		Lighted Ceiling Coffer
		Simulated Skylight Coffer
	LIGHTED WALL ELEMENTS
		Lighted Cornice
		Lighted Valance
		Lighted Wall Brackets
	TRANS-ILLUMINATED ELEMENTS
		Luminous Walls
		Luminous Ceiling
		Luminous Soffit
	TASK LIGHTING
		Under- Cabinet Task Lighting
	TASK-AMBIENT LIGHTING
		Under/Over Cabinet Lighting
		Overhead Ambient-Task Uniform System
		Overhead Task-Ambient Non-Uniform System
		Overhead Ambient & Local Task System
		Indirect Ambient & Local Task System
	LIGHTED RAILINGS
		General Considerations
Chapter 9: 20TH-CENTURY ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING PIONEERS
	INTRODUCTION
GLOSSARY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX