Fundamentals of AAC: A Case-Based Approach to Enhancing Communication

Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Editors
Contributors
Reviewers
Section I. AAC System Fundamentals
	Chapter 1. A Co-Constructed Description of AAC
		Introduction
		Fundamentals
			A Change in Focus
			A Co-Constructed Understanding of AAC
			In Conclusion
		Case Study: WB
			Clinical Profile and Communication Needs
			The AAC System
			Next Steps
		References
	Chapter 2. No-Tech AAC
		Fundamentals
			Unaided AAC
			Aided AAC
			In Conclusion
		Case Study: PG
			Clinical Profile and Communication Needs
			Next Steps
		References
	Chapter 3. Mid- and High-Tech AAC
		Fundamentals
			Mid-Tech AAC
			High-Tech AAC
			Communicative Purpose
			In Conclusion
		Case Study: RA
			Clinical Profile and Communication Needs
			Next Steps
		References
	Chapter 4. Mobile AAC
		Fundamentals
			Introduction: What Are Mobile Technologies?
			The Mobile Technology Revolution in AAC
			Principles in Mobile Technology Application Design
			Research Evidence and Funding Issues Related to Mobile Technology
		Case Study: LM
			Clinical Profile and Communication Needs
			AAC Considerations
			The AAC System or Service
			Next Steps
		References
	Chapter 5. Physical Access Features of AAC
		Fundamentals
			What Is Alternate Access and Who Is It for?
			Types of Alternate Access
			Assessment for Alternate Access
			Multimodal and Low-Tech Access for Communication
			Considering Multiple Methods of Access
			Access and Mobile Tablets
			Learning Language and Access Skills
			In Conclusion
		Case Study: JB
			Clinical Profile and Communication Needs
			AAC Considerations
			The AAC System or Service
			Next Steps
		References
	Essay 1. Clinical Considerations and AAC: The Future of AAC
		References
Section II. AAC Language Fundamentals
	Essay 2. Cultural Considerations and AAC: Culture and Social and Economic Determinants of Health and the Use of AAC
		What Are Social Determinants of Health?
			Scenario 1: A Family Suffering From Societal and Economic Stressors
			Scenario 2: A Family With Superior Resources
		Digital Resources and Social Determinants of Health
		References
	Chapter 6. Cultural and Linguistic Responsivity in AAC
		Fundamentals
			Consequences of Subtractive Bilingual Environments for AAC Users
			Building Additive Bilingual Environments for AAC Users
			Culturally and Linguistically Responsive Assessment
			Culturally and Linguistically Responsive Intervention
		Case Study: JR
			Clinical Profile and Communication Needs
			Next Steps
		References
	Chapter 7. Language and Vocabulary Features of AAC
		Fundamentals
			General Considerations
			Vocabulary Selection Frameworks
			Types of Vocabulary
			Vocabulary Selection Tools
			In Conclusion
		Case Study: AN
			Clinical Profile and Communication Needs
			Next Steps
		References
	Essay 3. Cultural Considerations and AAC: Introduction to Models of Culture
		Edward T. Hall’s Cultural Iceberg Model
		Purnell’s Model for Cultural Competence
		Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Model
		Conclusion
		References
	Essay 4. Cultural Considerations and AAC: Introduction to African American Culture — Cultural Values and Communicating Respect
		References
	Essay 5. Cultural Considerations and AAC: Introduction to Hispanic Culture — Cultural Values and Communicating Respect
		Cultural Values and Communicating Respect
			Respect for Authority
			Cultural Values and Other Aspects
		References
	Essay 6. Cultural Considerations and AAC: LGBTQIA+ Affirmative Practice: Empowering Our Queer Clients and Families
		Vocabulary and Definitions
		References
	Essay 7. Cultural Considerations and AAC: Self-Evaluation of Cultural Competence
		References
	Essay 8. Cultural Considerations and AAC: Religious Considerations
		Diet
		Prescription Medication
		Medical Procedures
		Conclusion
		References
	Essay 9. Cultural Considerations and AAC: Essential Faith-Based Vocabulary for Protestant Christian Users of AAC
	Essay 10. Cultural Considerations and AAC: Essential Vocabulary for Jewish Users of AAC
		How the Deity Is Referred To
		Titles of Religious Leaders and Other Key Figures
		Things We Read and Write
		Ritual Objects and Related Things
		What We Do and Say
		Holidays and Celebrations
		Praying: Key Prayers, Blessings, and Names of Services
		Where We Go: Houses of Worship, Study, and Gathering
		Family
		Life-Span Topics
		Food
		Who We Are
		Guidance on Use of This Vocabulary
		Reference
	Essay 11. Cultural Considerations and AAC: Essential Vocabulary for Muslim Users of AAC
		Guidance on Use of This Vocabulary
		Deity/God
		Religious Texts
		Religious Leaders and Other Key Figures
		Houses of Worship
		Ritual Objects/Related Things
		Actions
		Greetings/Sayings
		Holidays and Celebrations
		Prayers and Names of Services
		Family
		Life-Span Topics
		Food
		Who We Are
		References
Section III. AAC Assessment, Intervention, and Implementation for Infants, Toddlers, and School-Aged Individuals
	Essay 12. Ethical Considerations and AAC: A Framework for Ethical Communication and Practice
		References
	Essay 13. Ethical Considerations and AAC: A Consumer’s Perspective
	Chapter 8. Assessing Toddlers and Preschoolers
		Fundamentals
			General Principles of Assessment of Toddlers and Preschoolers
			Preparation for the Assessment
			Assessment
		Case Study: RC
			Clinical Profile and Communication Needs
			Rationale for Clinical Decision-Making
			Next Steps
		References
	Chapter 9. Intervention and Implementation for Toddlers and Preschoolers Using AAC
		Fundamentals
		Case Study: IB
			Clinical Profile and Communication Needs
			The AAC System
			Rationale for Clinical Decision-Making
			Next Steps
		References
	Chapter 10. Assessing School-Aged Individuals
		Fundamentals
		Case Study: RJ
			Clinical Profile and Communication Needs
			The AAC System or Service Considerations
			AAC Considerations
			Next Steps
		References
	Chapter 11. Intervention and Implementation for School-Aged Individuals Using AAC
		Fundamentals
			Intervention Across the Five Domains of Language
			Intervention Across AAC Competencies
			Innovation/Modifications to Existing Language Therapy Tools
			Descriptive Teaching Method
			Support and Teaching Strategies
		Case Study: JV
			Clinical Profile and Communication Needs
			Ongoing Assessment
			Intervention Strategies and Implementation Supports
		References
	Essay 14. Clinical Considerations and AAC:AAC and Literacy Lesley
		Reference
	Chapter 12. Data Collection and Goal Writing in AAC
		Fundamentals
			Goal Writing
		Case Study: SB
			Clinical Profile and Communication Needs
			The Data Collection System
			The Rationale for Clinical Decision-Making
			Next Steps
		References
	Essay 15. Clinical Considerations and AAC: Visual Support for AAC
	Chapter 13. AAC for the Child in End-of-Life Care
		Fundamentals
			The Care Team at End-of-Life
			Communication Planning
			Common Needs and Symptoms Children May Experience at End-of-Life
			AAC Considerations at End-Of-Life
			Conclusion
		Case Study: GM
			Clinical Profile and Communication Needs
			AAC Considerations
			Next Steps
		References
Section IV. AAC Assessment, Intervention, and Implementation for Adults
	Chapter 14. Services for Young Adults Using AAC Transitioning to Adulthood
		Fundamentals
			Prologue
			New and Emerging Communication Technologies
			AAC and the Importance of Transition
		Case Study: CK
			Clinical Profile and Communication Needs
			AAC Considerations
			Next Steps
		References
	Chapter 15. Assessing Adults
		Fundamentals
			Communication Assessment and Action Plan
			Final Report
		Case Study: GB
			Clinical Profile and Communication Needs
			The Assessment
			Next Steps
		References
	Essay 16. Ethical Considerations and AAC: Ethical Vendor Relationships
		References
	Chapter 16. Intervention and Implementation for Adults With Neurodegenerative Disorders Using AAC
		Fundamentals
			Education and Counseling
			Preservation
			Augmentation
			Adaptation
			Final Thoughts
		Case Study: SH
			Clinical Profile and Communication Needs
			AAC System or Service Considerations
			Next Steps
		References
	Chapter 17. AAC for the Individual in the Intensive Care Unit
		Fundamentals
			Introduction: Communication Risks and Barriers Including Health Disparities, Diversity, and Inclusion
			Special Considerations for the Intensive Care Unit
			Patient Care Standards
			Communication Partner Training and Interprofessional Practice
			Life-Sustaining Decision-Making and End-of-Life Communication
			Best Practices Models
			Conclusion
		Case Study: EG
			Clinical Profile and Communication Needs
			AAC Considerations
			Next Steps
		References
	Chapter 18. AAC for Adults in End-of-Life Care
		Fundamentals
			Communication Difficulties at End-of-Life
			How AAC Can Support Communication, Socialization, and Decision-Making
		Case Study: KM
			Clinical Profile and Communication Needs
			AAC Considerations
			The AAC System or Service
			Next Steps
		References
Section V. AAC for Persons With Developmental Disabilities
	Essay 17. Clinical Considerations and AAC: A Parent’s Perspective
		Language
		Include
		Support
		Team
		Encourage
		Normalize
		Always L.I.S.T.E.N.
	Chapter 19. AAC for Persons With Developmental Disabilities
		The Fundamentals
			Challenging Behaviors and the Role of Speech-Language Pathologists
			AAC Evolves Across Their Life Span
			Establish “Buy-in” and Prepare for the Communication Journey
			Assessment and Selecting a Tool
			Investigative Intervention
			Designing a Meaningful Communication System
			Consultation Services
		Case Study: KC
			Clinical Profile and Communication Needs
			AAC Considerations
			Next Steps
		References
	Chapter 20. AAC for Persons With Autism Spectrum Disorder Tanushree Saxena-Chandhok, Deborah Xinyi Yong, and Sarah Miriam Yong Oi Tsun
		Fundamentals
			SETT Framework
			Communicative Competence
			AAC Intervention Strategies
			The Role of the Caregiver in AAC Intervention
		Case Study: EL
			Clinical Profile and Communication Needs
			AAC Considerations
			Next Steps
		References
	Chapter 21. AAC for Persons With Cerebral Palsy
		Fundamentals
			AAC Strategies and Technology
			AAC Assessment
			Intervention
		Case Study: PL
			Clinical Profile and Communication Needs
			AAC System and Service Considerations
			Next Steps
		References
	Essay 18. Clinical Considerations and AAC: The Other “A” for “Augmentative”
	Chapter 22. AAC for Persons With Specific Sensory Impairments
		Fundamentals
			Dual Sensory Impairment
			Cortical Visual Impairment
			AAC and Sensory Impairments
		Case Study: HS
			Clinical Profile and Communication Needs
			AAC Considerations
			Next Steps
		References
	Chapter 23. AAC for Individuals With Sensory Integration Challenges
		Fundamentals
			Competencies Versus Sensory Integration Areas
			Considerations for the Trial Process
			Instructional Strategies
		Case Study: ES
			Clinical Profile and Communication Needs
			AAC Considerations
			The AAC System or Service
			Next Steps
		References
	Chapter 24. AAC for Persons With Complex Trauma
		Fundamentals
		Case Study: PW
			Clinical Profile and Communication Needs
			AAC Considerations
			Next Steps
		References
Section VI. AAC for Persons With Acquired Disabilities
	Essay 19. Ethical Considerations and AAC: Critical Health Situations, Informed Consent, and the Importance of Appropriate AAC
		References
	Chapter 25. AAC for Persons With Traumatic Brain Injury
		Fundamentals
			Review of Cognitive-Communication Deficits in TBI
		AAC Versus Assistive Technology Versus Information and Communication Technologies
			Augmentative and Alternative Communication
			Assistive Technology
			Information and Communication Technologies
		Special Considerations
		Case Study: TH
			Clinical Profile and Communication Needs
			AAC Considerations
			Next Steps
		References
	Chapter 26. AAC for Persons With Motor Speech Disorders
		Fundamentals
		Case Study: RL
			Clinical Profile and Communication Needs
			AAC Considerations
			Next Steps
		References
	Chapter 27. AAC for Persons With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
		Fundamentals
		Communication Symptoms
			Dysarthria
			Voice Disorder
			Cognitive-Communication
			Dysphagia
		Communication Needs
		Intervention Phases
			Phase 1: Monitor, Prepare, and Support
			Phase 2: Assess, Recommend, and Implement
			Phase 3: Adapt and Accommodate
		Case Study: RP
			Clinical Profile and Communication Needs
			AAC System or Service Considerations
			The Rationale for Clinical Decision-Making
			Next Steps
		References
	Chapter 28. AAC for Persons With Aphasia
		Fundamentals
		Case Study: WP
			Clinical Profile and Communication Needs
			AAC Considerations
			Next Steps
		References
	Chapter 29. AAC for Persons With Dementia
		Fundamentals
			Setting the Stage for AAC Use in Dementia
		Strengths and Deficits in Dementia
			Memory
			Communication
		Strengths and Deficits in Dementia: Clinical Implications
		Guidelines for Developing AAC for People With Dementia
		Examples of AAC for People With Dementia
			Supported Preference Assessment
			Memory Books
			Orientation Aids
			Reminder Cards
			Activities of Daily Living Support
			Supporting Care Partners
		Conclusion
		Case Study: AM
			Clinical Profile and Communication Needs
			AAC Considerations
			The Rationale for Clinical Decision-Making
			Next Steps
		References
	Chapter 30. AAC for Persons Who Are Medically Complex
		Fundamentals
			Introduction
			Participation Framework
		Case Study: LG
			Clinical Profile and Communication Needs
			AAC System or Service Considerations
			Next Steps
		References
Section VII. AAC Services for Stakeholders
	Chapter 31. AAC Consultation
		Introduction
			Terminology
		The Fundamentals of AAC Consultation
			Limits of the Traditional AAC Consultation Process
			Collaborative Consultation
		The Collaborative Consultation Process
			Speech-Language Pathologists as Learners
			Speech-Language Pathologists as Teachers
			Developing Consensus on the Problem
			Shared Decision-Making
			Building Capacity for AAC Implementation
		Case Study: JE
			Clinical Profile and Communication Needs
			Next Steps
		References
	Chapter 32. Communication Partner Training for Families
		Fundamentals
		Family Characteristics
		AAC in Everyday Life
			All-the-Time Access
			Leverage Requesting
			“Something Different” — All-the-Time Choice
			Referencing
			Before, During, and After
		Spiraling Learning Experiences for AAC Communication Partners: Four Key Elements
			Information
			Tools/Technology
			Skills
			Habits
		Case Study: PH
			Clinical Profile and Communication Needs
			AAC Service Considerations
			Next Steps
		References
	Chapter 33. Communication Partner Training for Clinicians
		Fundamentals
		Communication-Partner Training
			Responsive and Engaging Communication Partners
		Supporting Adult Learners to Teach AAC
			Models of Support
			Designing Effective Learning Opportunities for Communication Partners
		Barriers to AAC Implementation
			Opportunity Barriers Include Attitude, Knowledge, Skill, Practice, and Policy Barriers
		Case Study: JT
			Clinical Profile and Communication Needs
			AAC Considerations for Training
			Next Steps
		References
	Chapter 34. Communication Partner Training for Staff
		Fundamentals
		Case Study: BT
			Clinical Profile and Communication Needs
			AAC Considerations
			Next Steps
		References
	Chapter 35. Tele-AAC: The Basics
		Fundamentals
			Methods of Tele-AAC Service Delivery
			Hardware and Software Considerations
		Case Study: JS
			Clinical Profile and Communication Needs
			Tele-AAC Setup for Optimal Visual Access
			Next Steps
		References
	Chapter 36. Tele-AAC for Service Delivery
		Fundamentals
		Case Study: JS
			Clinical Profile and Communication Needs
			The AAC System or Service
			Next Steps
		References
	Essay 20. Clinical Considerations and AAC: Building My AAC Village
Index