Fundamentals and Applications of Renewable Energy

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
About the Authors
Contents
Preface
CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Renewable Energy
	1-1 Why Renewable Energy?
		Consequences of Fossil Fuel Combustion
		Renewable Energy Sources
	1-2 Fossil Fuels and Nuclear Energy
		Coal
		Oil
		Natural Gas
		Nuclear Energy
		Electricity
	References
	Problems
CHAPTER 2 A Review of Thermal Sciences
	2-1 Thermal Sciences
	2-2 Thermodynamics
		Heat and Other Forms of Energy
		Specific Heats of Gases, Liquids, and Solids
		Energy Transfer
		The First Law of Thermodynamics
		Energy Balance for Closed Systems
		Energy Balance for Steady-Flow Systems
		Saturation Temperature and Saturation Pressure
	2-3 Heat Transfer
		Conduction Heat Transfer
		Thermal Conductivity
		Convection Heat Transfer
		Radiation Heat Transfer
	2-4 Fluid Mechanics
		Viscosity
		Pressure Drop in Fluid Flow in Pipes
	2-5 Thermochemistry
		Fuels and Combustion
		Theoretical and Actual Combustion Processes
		Enthalpy of Formation and Enthalpy of Combustion
		First-Law Analysis of Reacting Systems
	2-6 Heat Engines and Power Plants
		Thermal Efficiency
		Overall Plant Efficiency
	2-7 Refrigerators and Heat Pumps
	References
	Problems
CHAPTER 3 Fundamentals of Solar Energy
	3-1 Introduction
	3-2 Radiation Fundamentals
		Blackbody Radiation
	3-3 Radiative Properties
		Emissivity
		Absorptivity, Reflectivity, and Transmissivity
		The Greenhouse Effect
	3-4 Solar Radiation
	3-5 Solar Data
	References
	Problems
CHAPTER 4 Solar Energy Applications
	4-1 Introduction
	4-2 Flat-Plate Solar Collector
	4-3 Concentrating Solar Collector
	4-4 Solar-Power-Tower Plant
	4-5 Solar Pond
	4-6 Photovoltaic Cell
	4-7 Passive Solar Applications
		Trombe Wall
		Solar Heat Gain through Windows
	References
	Problems
CHAPTER 5 Wind Energy
	5-1 Introduction
	5-2 Wind Turbine Types and Power Performance Curve
	5-3 Wind Power Potential
	5-4 Wind Power Density
	5-5 Wind Turbine Efficiency
		Betz Limit for Wind Turbine Efficiency
	5-6 Considerations in Wind Power Applications
	References
	Problems
CHAPTER 6 Hydropower
	6-1 Introduction
	6-2 Analysis of a Hydroelectric Power Plant
	6-3 Impulse Turbines
	6-4 Reaction Turbines
	6-5 Turbine Specific Speed
	6-6 Run-of-River Plants and Waterwheels
	References
	Problems
CHAPTER 7 Geothermal Energy
	7-1 Introduction
	7-2 Geothermal Applications
	7-3 Geothermal Heating
		Degree-Day Method for Annual Energy Consumption
	7-4 Geothermal Cooling
		Absorption Cooling System
	7-5 Geothermal Heat Pump Systems
		Heat Pump Systems
		Ground-Source Heat Pump Systems
	7-6 Geothermal Power Production
	7-7 Geothermal Cogeneration
	References
	Problems
CHAPTER 8 Biomass Energy
	8-1 Introduction
	8-2 Biomass Resources
	8-3 Conversion of Biomass to Biofuel
	8-4 Biomass Products
		Ethanol
		Biodiesel
		Methanol
		Pyrolysis Oil
		Biogas
		Producer Gas
		Synthesis Gas
	8-5 Electricity and Heat Production by Biomass
	8-6 Solid Municipality Waste
	References
	Problems
CHAPTER 9 Ocean Energy
	9-1 Introduction
	9-2 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion
	9-3 Wave Energy
		Power Production from Waves
		Wave Power Technologies
	9-4 Tidal Energy
	References
	Problems
CHAPTER 10 Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
	10-1 Hydrogen: An Energy Carrier
	10-2 Fuel Cells
		Thermodynamic Analysis of Fuel Cells
	References
	Problems
CHAPTER 11 Economics of Renewable Energy
	11-1 Engineering Economics
	11-2 The Time Value of Money
		Effect of Inflation and Taxation on Interest Rate
	11-3 Life Cycle Cost Analysis
		Cost-Benefit Analysis
		Unit Product Cost
		Comparison of Projects Based on Life Cycle Cost Analysis
	11-4 Payback Period Analysis
	References
	Problems
CHAPTER 12 Energy and the Environment
	12-1 Introduction
	12-2 Air Pollutants
		Particulate Matter
		Sulfur Dioxide
		Nitrogen Oxides
		Hydrocarbons
		Carbon Monoxide
		Ozone, Smog, and Acid Rain
	12-3 Emissions from Automobiles
		Catalytic Converters
	12-4 The Greenhouse Effect
		CO2 Production
	12-5 Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
	12-6 Nuclear Waste
	References
	Problems
APPENDIX 1 Property Tables (SI Units)
APPENDIX 2 Property Tables (English Units)
INDEX