Fundamental Electrical and Electronic Principles

Front Cover......Page 1
Fundamental Electrical and Electronic Principles......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 10
Introduction......Page 12
1.1 Units......Page 14
1.3 \'Scientific\' Notation......Page 15
1.4 Conversion of Areas and Volumes......Page 17
1.5 Graphs......Page 18
1.6 Basic Electrical Concepts......Page 20
1.7 Communication......Page 39
Summary of Equations......Page 42
Assignment Questions......Page 43
2.1 Resistors in Series......Page 44
2.2 Resistors in Parallel......Page 48
2.3 Potential Divider......Page 53
2.4 Current Divider......Page 54
2.5 Series/Parallel Combinations......Page 56
2.6 Kirchhoff\'s Current Law......Page 61
2.7 Kirchhoff\'s Voltage Law......Page 62
2.8 The Wheatstone Bridge Network......Page 68
2.9 The Wheatstone Bridge Instrument......Page 76
2.10 The Slidewire Potentiometer......Page 78
Summary of Equations......Page 81
Assignment Questions......Page 82
Suggested Practical Assignments......Page 85
3.1 Coulomb\'s Law......Page 88
3.2 Electric Fields......Page 89
3.3 Electric Field Strength (E)......Page 91
3.4 Electric Flux (ψ) and Flux Density (D)......Page 92
3.5 The Charging Process and Potential Gradient......Page 93
3.6 Capacitance (C)......Page 96
3.9 Relative Permittivity (ε[sub(r)])......Page 97
3.11 Calculating Capacitor Values......Page 98
3.12 Capacitors in Parallel......Page 100
3.13 Capacitors in Series......Page 102
3.14 Series/Parallel Combinations......Page 105
3.15 Multiplate Capacitors......Page 108
3.16 Energy Stored......Page 110
3.17 Dielectric Strength and Working Voltage......Page 114
3.18 Capacitor Types......Page 115
Summary of Equations......Page 118
Assignment Questions......Page 120
Suggested Practical Assignment......Page 123
4.2 Magnetic Fields......Page 124
4.3 The Magnetic Circuit......Page 127
4.4 Magnetic Flux and Flux Density......Page 128
4.5 Magnetomotive Force (mmf)......Page 129
4.6 Magnetic Field Strength......Page 130
4.7 Permeability of Free Space (µ[sub(0)])......Page 131
4.9 Absolute Permeability (µ)......Page 132
4.10 Magnetisation (B/H) Curve......Page 135
4.11 Composite Series Magnetic Circuits......Page 139
4.12 Reluctance (S)......Page 141
4.13 Comparison of Electrical, Magnetic and Electrostatic Quantities......Page 144
4.14 Magnetic Hysteresis......Page 145
4.15 Parallel Magnetic Circuits......Page 147
Summary of Equations......Page 148
Assignment Questions......Page 149
Suggested Practical Assignments......Page 151
5.1 Faraday\'s Law of Electromagnetic Induction......Page 154
5.3 Fleming\'s Righthand Rule......Page 157
5.4 EMF Induced in a Single Straight Conductor......Page 160
5.5 Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor......Page 164
5.6 The Motor Principle......Page 166
5.7 Force between Parallel Conductors......Page 169
5.8 The Moving Coil Meter......Page 171
5.10 Shunts......Page 175
5.11 Multipliers......Page 176
5.12 Figure of Merit and Loading Effect......Page 179
5.13 The Ohmmeter......Page 183
5.14 Wattmeter......Page 184
5.15 Eddy Currents......Page 185
5.16 Self and Mutual Inductance......Page 187
5.17 Self-Inductance......Page 188
5.18 Self-Inductance and Flux Linkages......Page 189
5.19 Factors Affecting Inductance......Page 192
5.20 Mutual Inductance......Page 193
5.21 Relationship between Self- and Mutual-Inductance......Page 195
5.22 Energy Stored......Page 197
5.23 The Transformer Principle......Page 199
5.24 Transformer Voltage and Current Ratios......Page 201
Summary of Equations......Page 204
Assignment Questions......Page 205
Suggested Practical Assignments......Page 208
6.1 Production of an Alternating Waveform......Page 210
6.3 Standard Expression for an Alternating Quantity......Page 213
6.4 Average Value......Page 216
6.5 r.m.s. Value......Page 218
6.6 Peak Factor......Page 219
6.7 Form Factor......Page 220
6.8 Rectifiers......Page 221
6.9 Half-wave Rectifier......Page 222
6.10 Full-wave Bridge Rectifier......Page 223
6.11 Rectifier Moving Coil Meter......Page 225
6.12 Phase and Phase Angle......Page 226
6.13 Phasor Representation......Page 229
6.14 Addition of Alternating Quantities......Page 232
6.15 The Cathode Ray Oscilloscope......Page 237
6.16 Operation of the Oscilloscope......Page 239
6.17 Dual Beam Oscilloscopes......Page 241
Summary of Equations......Page 242
Assignment Questions......Page 243
Suggested Practical Assignments......Page 245
7.1 Motor/Generator Duality......Page 246
7.2 The Generation of d.c. Voltage......Page 248
7.4 Classification of Generators......Page 251
7.5 Separately Excited Generator......Page 252
7.6 Shunt Generator......Page 253
7.7 Series Generator......Page 255
7.9 Shunt Motor......Page 257
7.10 Series Motor......Page 258
Summary of Equations......Page 260
Assignment Questions......Page 261
8.1 Capacitor-Resistor Series Circuit (Charging)......Page 262
8.2 Capacitor-Resistor Series Circuit (Discharging)......Page 266
8.3 Inductor-Resistor Series Circuit (Connection to Supply)......Page 269
8.4 Inductor-Resistor Series Circuit (Disconnection)......Page 272
Summary of Equations......Page 273
Assignment Questions......Page 274
Suggested Practical Assignments......Page 275
9.1 Atomic Structure......Page 276
9.2 Intrinsic (Pure) Semiconductors......Page 277
9.3 Electron-Hole Pair Generation and Recombination......Page 279
9.4 Conduction in Intrinsic Semiconductors......Page 280
9.6 n-type Semiconductor......Page 281
9.7 p-type Semiconductor......Page 283
9.8 The p-n Junction......Page 284
9.9 The p-n Junction Diode......Page 285
9.11 Reverse-biased Diode......Page 286
9.12 Diode Characteristics......Page 287
9.13 The Zener Diode......Page 289
Assignment Questions......Page 294
Suggested Practical Assignments......Page 295
Appendix A: SI Units and Quantities......Page 296
Answers to Assignment Questions......Page 298
E......Page 302
O......Page 303
Z......Page 304