Functional Textiles and Clothing 2023: Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Functional Textiles & Clothing 2023 (Springer Proceedings in Materials, 42)

Contents
About the Editors
Protective and Adaptive Clothing
Light-Weight Indigenously Developed Firefighter Suit
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Outer Layer with Moisture Barrier
		3.2 Thermal Barrier
		3.3 Liner Fabric
		3.4 Combining All Layers
		3.5 Development of Firefighter Clothing/Suit
	4 Conclusion
	References
Developing Functionality in Geriatric Wear Through Designing
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 A Side Open Kurti
		2.2 A Three-Piece Princess Line Kurti
		2.3 Side Open Salwar
		2.4 A Kunda Open Salwar
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Advanced Activated Carbon Adsorbent Filter Material for Chemical Protective Clothing
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental
		2.1 Materials and Chemical Reagents
		2.2 Preparation of the Activated Carbon Fabric (ACF) Coated with PDDA (PDDA@ACF)
		2.3 Material Characterization
		2.4 Performance Evaluation
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 FTIR Studies
		3.2 Surface Morphology
		3.3 Thermal Analysis
		3.4 BET Surface Area
		3.5 Tensile Strength
		3.6 Air-Permeability
		3.7 Performance Evaluation of ACF@PDDA Against Sulphur Mustard (HD): A CWA
	4 Conclusion
	References
Clothing for the Visually Impaired
	1 Introduction
	2 Field Survey
	3 Case Studies
	4 Clothing needs of Visually impaired
	5 Proposed Design Solutions
	6 Conclusion
	References
Designing Adaptive Sportswear Based on Biomechanical Needs
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Objective
	2 Methodology
	3 Research Findings
		3.1 Concept Development
	4 Conclusion
	References
Design and Development of Functional Clothing for the Visually Challenged
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Statement
	3 Review of the Literature
		3.1 For Mobility
		3.2 For Reading
		3.3 For Daily Chores
		3.4 For Shopping
		3.5 Use of Sensors and IoT
	4 Methodology
		4.1 Sampling and Data Collection
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Interventions Proposed for the Design and Development of the Prototype
	7 Conclusion
	References
Plus Size Women Body Shape Analysis: An Implication for Developing a Sizing System
	1 Introduction
	2 Review of the Literature
		2.1 Plus-Size
		2.2 Size Chart Development
		2.3 Body Shape
		2.4 Body Shape Classification Methods
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Questionnaire Development
		3.2 Method
		3.3 Results
		3.4 Body Shape Identification: Drop Value
		3.5 Body Shape Identification: Ratio
		3.6 Body Shape Identification: FFIT-Modified Mathematical Formulas
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Investigation of the Pressure Transmission Characteristics of Miniaturised Air Bladders for Medical Compression Textiles
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Design and Development of Miniaturised Air Bladders
		2.2 Experimental Setup
		2.3 Geometrical Model
		2.4 Material Models and Meshing
		2.5 Boundary and Loading Conditions
		2.6 Data Analysis
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Pressure Transmission Characteristics of the Manufactured Mini-bladder Arrays
		3.2 Determination of the Young’s Modulus of PA Fabric Bonded with Carbon Fabric
		3.3 Determination of the Material Parameters of Yeoh Hyperelastic Models
		3.4 Numerical Results of the Miniaturised Air Bladders
		3.5 Comparison of the Experimental Results with Numerical Results
		3.6 Pressure Transmission Characteristics at Various Side Lengths and Thickness
		3.7 Percentage of Area Where the Uniform Pressure Applied at Various Side Lengths and Thicknesses
	4 Conclusions
	References
Eco-Friendly Dyeing and Finishing
Eco-Friendly Dyeing and Finishing for Improving Colour Fastness and Wellness Properties of Cotton
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Fabrics
		2.2 Chemicals
		2.3 Mordants
		2.4 Natural Dye Catechu
		2.5 Finishing Agents
		2.6 Extraction of Gall Nut
		2.7 Extraction and Purification of Catechu
		2.8 Solubilization of Chitosan and Nano-chitosan
		2.9 Extraction of Eucalyptus Leaves
		2.10 Preparation of Nano Zinc Oxide
		2.11 Dyeing of Cotton with Catechu
		2.12 Post-dyeing––Finishing Treatments
	3 Testing and Evaluation Methods
		3.1 Reflectance, K/S Value, Colour Difference, and Related Other Colour Parameters
		3.2 Evaluation of Colour Fastness Properties
		3.3 UV Protection Factor (UPF)
		3.4 Anti-microbial Property
		3.5 UV-Vis Spectroscopy, HPLC, and FTIR Scan for Catechu and Gall Nut
		3.6 Study of Surface Topology by SEM Micrograms
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Characterization of Catechu
		4.2 UV-Vis Spectra of Eucalyptus Leaves
		4.3 Effects of Mordanting Method on Colour of Catechu-Dyed Cotton
		4.4 Reaction Mechanism and FTIR Study for the Analysis of Fibre-Mordant Dye System
		4.5 FTIR Analysis
		4.6 Effect of Post-dyeing Finishing Treatments with Natural and Eco-Safe Finishing Agents
	5 Conclusions
	References
Optimisation of Fire-Retardant Finishing of Cotton with Ammonium Sulfamate and Sodium Stannate by User-Defined Quadratic Empirical Model
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Fabric
		2.2 Chemicals
	3 Test Methods
		3.1 Method of Application of FR Treatments
		3.2 Mechanical Properties
		3.3 Test of Fire-Retardant Performance Properties
		3.4 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
		3.5 Analysis of Surface Topography by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
		3.6 Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for Statistical Optimization of FR Recipe
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Preliminary Study
		4.2 Reaction Mechanism
		4.3 Statistical Optimization of FR Formulation with User-Defined Quadratic Empirical (UDQE) Model by Response Surface Methodology
	5 Analysis of Surface Topography by SEM
	6 Analysis of Thermal Degradation
	7 Analysis of FTIR Spectra
	8 Analysis of Wash Stability with or Without Using Zn-Acetate Catalyst
	9 Conclusions
	References
Simultaneous Dyeing and Finishing of Bio-mordanted Cotton
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Neem Leaves
		1.2 Eucalyptus Leaves
		1.3 Ashwagandha Roots
	2 Experimental
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Method
		2.3 Testing Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Phytochemical Analysis of Different Natural Resources
		3.2 UV–VIS Spectral Analysis and UV–VIS Characterization
		3.3 Simultaneous Dyeing and Finishing of Cotton Mordanted With (a) Gallnut and (b) Alum and Dyed with Babul Bark Before Finishing with Different Natural Finishing Agents (Neem Leaves, Eucalyptus Leaves, and Ashwagandha Roots)
		3.4 Assessment of Antibacterial Properties
		3.5 UV Protection Factor (UPF) of Untreated Cotton, Mordanted, Dyed, and Finished Cotton
	4 Conclusion
	References
Functionalization of Jute to Improve Colour Yield and Fastness of Annatto Dye
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Effect of Mordant Application of Colour Parameters
		3.2 Optimization of Dyeing Process Variables
		3.3 Improvement of Fastness Properties
		3.4 UV Protection Factor of Jute Fabrics
		3.5 Antimicrobial Activity of Jute Fabrics
	4 Conclusion
	References
Development of Woven PPE with Regenerated Fibers to Enhance the Comfort Properties of the Wearer with Antimicrobial and Liquid Barrier Nano Particle Finish
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Method
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Methods
	3 Fabric Finishing
	4 Testing
		4.1 Comfort Properties
		4.2 FTIR Characterization
		4.3 Evaluation of Anti-microbial Property
		4.4 Evaluation of Liquid Barrier Property
	5 Results and Discussion
		5.1 Comfort Properties
		5.2 Air Permeability
		5.3 Water Vapour Permeability
		5.4 Thermal Resistance
		5.5 FTIR Analysis
		5.6 Anti-microbial Property
		5.7 Liquid Barrier Property
		5.8 Comparing the Results with Commercially Available Non-woven PPE
	6 Conclusion
	References
Surface Modification Techniques in Textiles: A Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Low-Temperature Plasma (LTP) Treatment of Polyester (PET)
	3 Irradiation of Microdenier Polyester (PET) Using VUV Excimer
	4 VUV Excimer Irradiation of Silk
	5 Conclusions
	References
Sustainable Fibres and Products
Development of Nettle Fibre Blended Apparel Textiles
	1 Introduction
	2 Nettle Plant, Retting and Fibre Extraction
		2.1 Harvesting
		2.2 Retting of Plant
	3 Fibre Properties
	4 Fibre Modification for Other Technical Applications
	5 Development Nettle Yarn, Fabric, and Apparel Products
	6 Conclusions
	References
A Study on the Application of Weaver Ant Silk in Wound Healing
	1 Introduction
	2 Nest Construction
	3 Materials and Testing Methods
	4 SEM Analysis
	5 Composition of Weaver Ant Web
	6 FTIR Analysis
	7 Fiber Extraction and Protein Isolation
	8 Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles
	9 Antimicrobial Activity
	10 Wound Scratch Assay
	11 Drug Release Rate Test
	12 Conclusion
	References
Study on the Rustling Sound of Various Fabrics and Their Properties
	1 Introduction
	2 Material
	3 Method
	4 Result
	5 Conclusions
	Reference
Development of Flax and Silk Blended Yarn in the Wet Spinning System and Comfort Characterization of Blended Fabrics
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Yarn Properties
		3.2 Fabric Properties
	4 Conclusions
	References
Study of Sisal Nonwoven Mulching for Watermelon Cultivation and Its Effect on Soil Nutrition Values
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Methods
		2.3 Testing
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Fibre Parameters
		3.2 Mulch Fabric Characteristics
		3.3 Watermelon Yield
		3.4 Soil Characteristics
		3.5 Macro Soil Nutrients Test Results
		3.6 Results from Micro Soil Nutrients Test
	4 Conclusion
	References
Development of Cost-Effective, Eco-Friendly Sanitary Pads for Better Health and Sanitation of Rural Women
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Decoding the Science Behind the Chemical Recycling of Textiles
	1 Introduction
	2 Pre-process of Recycling
		2.1 Collection of Textiles
		2.2 Separation of Polyester and Cotton
	3 Recycling Technology
		3.1 Different Types of Chemical Recycling Methods for PET
		3.2 Different Types of Chemical Recycling Methods for Cellulose
	4 Regenerated Form of Cellulose and Polyester
		4.1 Micro and Nanoparticles
		4.2 Films and Membranes
		4.3 Nonwoven Materials
		4.4 Cellulose Regeneration as Fibres
		4.5 Polyester Regeneration as Chips
	5 Analysis of Companies for Chemical Recycling
	6 Patent Analysis
		6.1 Continent Wise Patent Count
		6.2 Chemical Technology Based Patents
		6.3 Patent Classifications
	7 Conclusion
	Annexure 1
		Distinguishing Converters, Facilitators and Think Tanks
	Annexure II
		List of Companies Analyzed
	References