From Widgets to Digits: Employment Regulation for the Changing Workplace

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Dedication......Page 4
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 9
Introduction......Page 15
1. Artisanal Production......Page 18
3. Digital Production......Page 19
The Structure of the Book......Page 21
PART I LABOR RELATIONS REGIMES OF THE PAST......Page 25
1 Artisanal Production in the Nineteenth Century......Page 27
A. The Job Structures of Artisanal Production......Page 29
B. Labor Organizations in the Artisanal Era......Page 32
C. Radical and Reform Political Programs......Page 34
D. Law, Technology, and the Erosion of the Artisans’ Autonomy......Page 36
E. Confrontation and Breakdown in Artisanal Production......Page 38
A. The Twentieth-Century “Labor Problem”......Page 41
B. Scientific Management and the Problem of Worker Motivation......Page 42
1. New Methods of Wage Determination......Page 43
2. Transferring Knowledge from the Skilled Worker to the Firm......Page 47
3. The Dissemination of Taylor’s Ideas......Page 49
1. Addressing the Turnover Problem......Page 52
2. The Problem of Training......Page 55
3. Corporate Welfare Programs......Page 57
D. Job Structures of the Assembly Line......Page 58
E. The Lasting Impact of Scientific Management and Personnel Management......Page 60
F. Law and Social Practices......Page 62
3 From Scientific Management to Internal Labor Markets......Page 65
A. The Theory of the Internal Labor Market......Page 67
B. The Career Wage Model......Page 70
C. The Origins of Internal Labor Markets......Page 74
D. Unions and Internal Labor Markets......Page 75
PART II THE DIGITAL WORKPLACE......Page 79
4 The Changing Nature of Employment......Page 81
A. The Growth in Contingent Employment......Page 82
B. The Rise of Precarious Employment......Page 84
1. Measuring the Extent of Precarious Employment......Page 86
2. Measuring Job Tenure......Page 88
D. Accounting for the Transformation......Page 97
A. Imagining the New Workplace......Page 101
1. The New Psychological Contract......Page 102
2. The Boundaryless Career......Page 106
3. Commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior......Page 108
4. Procedural Justice......Page 110
B. Converting Theory into Practice: Two Contemporary Management Theories......Page 113
1. Competency-Based Organizations......Page 114
2. Total Quality Management......Page 118
3. High Performance Work Systems......Page 121
C. The Terms of the New Employment Relationship......Page 124
D. The Geography of the Boundaryless Workplace......Page 128
PART III IMPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL JOB STRUCTURES FOR LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT LAW......Page 131
A. The New Deal Labor Law Framework......Page 133
1. The Operation of the Collective Bargaining Laws......Page 135
2. Statutory Protections for Individual Employees......Page 136
B. The Demise of the New Deal System......Page 138
7 Disputes over Ownership of Human Capital......Page 141
1. Covenants Not to Compete......Page 144
B. Trade Secrets and Inevitable Disclosure......Page 163
1. The Origin of Judicial Attitudes Toward Restrictive Covenants......Page 166
2. Judicial Modification of the At-Will Regime in the 1980s......Page 168
3. Post-Employment Restraints and Economic Growth......Page 169
D. Conclusion......Page 170
8 The Changing Nature of Employment Discrimination......Page 171
A. The Relationship Between Employment Discrimination and Internal Labor Markets......Page 172
1. Causes of Employment Discrimination......Page 173
2. White and Male Privilege as a Psychological Contract......Page 177
3. Changes in Employment Patterns......Page 178
1. The Problem of Diffused and Invisible Authority......Page 179
2. The Problem of Cliques......Page 180
3. The Problem of Lawlessness......Page 181
C. Applying Title VII to the Boundaryless Workplace......Page 182
1. Establishing Liability......Page 183
2. Class Action Certification......Page 188
3. Naming and Blaming the Appropriate Defendant......Page 193
4. Crafting a Remedy......Page 196
1. New Conceptions of Liability......Page 198
2. A New Procedure for Adjudicating Discrimination Claims......Page 200
3. New European Approaches to Employment Discrimination......Page 206
E. Conclusion......Page 209
9 Unionism in the Boundaryless Workplace......Page 210
A. The Tension Between Unionism and the Boundaryless Workplace......Page 212
1. Can Unions Function in the Boundaryless Workplace?......Page 213
2. Union Practices and the Old Employment Relationship......Page 217
1. The Concept of the Bargaining Unit......Page 220
2. Secondary Boycott Prohibitions......Page 223
3. The Role of Arbitration......Page 226
4. The Definition of Employee and Employer......Page 228
5. Successorship......Page 229
C. Conclusion......Page 230
10 Reimagining Employee Representation......Page 231
A. New Craft Unionism......Page 234
B. Citizen Unionism......Page 241
1. The Role of a Citizen Union at the Local Level......Page 242
2. Citizen Unionism and Bargaining Power......Page 244
3. Citizen Unions, Runaway Shops, and Local Agglomeration Economies......Page 245
4. Emergent Examples of Citizen Unionism......Page 247
1. Legal Change to Facilitate Inclusive Craft Unionism......Page 251
2. Legal Change to Facilitate Citizen Unionism......Page 252
D. Conclusion......Page 253
PART IV SOCIAL JUSTICE IN THE DIGITAL ERA......Page 255
11 The Crisis in Benefits and the Collapse of the Private Welfare State......Page 257
A. The Benefit Coverage Crisis......Page 258
1. Declining Coverage......Page 259
2. Redefining the Insurance Concept......Page 261
3. Legislating Health Insurance Reforms......Page 263
4. Shifts in Private Sector Pension Policy......Page 265
C. Achieving Benefit Portability and Continuity......Page 269
D. Conclusion......Page 271
A. The Facts of Rising Income Inequality......Page 272
1. Skill-Biased Technological Change......Page 275
2. The Shift from Manufacturing to Service Industries......Page 278
3. Income Dispersion Within Firms......Page 279
4. The Impact of Digital-Era Employment Practices on Wage Inequality......Page 281
5. The Impact of Globalized Production on Income Inequality......Page 282
C. Promoting Equality, Opportunity, and Stability in the Digital Workplace......Page 283
1. Earnings-Enhancement Policies......Page 284
2. Poverty-Reduction Measures......Page 290
D. Poverty Reduction Versus Earnings Enhancement......Page 293
E. Addressing Vulnerability in the Boundaryless Workplace......Page 296
1. Current U.S. Approaches to Economic Transitions......Page 297
2. The European Approach to the Changing Workplace......Page 300
F. Conclusions......Page 302
Summary and Conclusion......Page 303
Index......Page 307