From Thoracic Surgery to Interventional Pulmonology: A Clinical Guide (Respiratory Medicine)

Preface
Contents
Contributors
Chapter 1: Rigid Versus Flexible Bronchoscopy
	History
		Rigid Bronchoscope
		Flexible Bronchoscope
	Design
		Rigid Bronchoscope
			Barrel
			Multifunctional Head
			Optics and Light Source
		Flexible Bronchoscope
	Contemporary Applications
		Central Airway Obstruction
		Stent Management
		Massive Hemoptysis
		Foreign Body Removal
			Contraindications
			Complications
			Training and Future
			Conclusions
	References
Chapter 2: Biopsy for Diffuse Lung Diseases: Surgical Vs Cryobiopsy
	Introduction
	Surgical Lung Biopsy
	Transbronchial Lung Cryobiopsy (TBLC)
		Technical Aspects
		Diagnostic Yield and Safety Profile
	Cryobiopsy and/or Surgical Lung Biopsy
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 3: Management of Lung Nodules: A Paradigm Shift
	Introduction
	Biopsy Techniques
		Transthoracic Needle Aspiration
		Conventional Bronchoscopy
		Virtual Bronchoscopy Navigation
		Electromagnetic Navigation Bronchoscopy (ENB)
		Radial Probe Endobronchial Ultrasound
		Bronchoscopic Trans-Parenchymal Access (BTPNA)
		Electromagnetic-Guided Transthoracic Needle Aspiration (EMTTNA)
		Cone-Beam CT
	Therapeutic Contributions of Interventional Pulmonology
		Assistance During Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS)
		Assistance with Stereotactic Radiation Therapy
		Bronchoscopic Treatments of Early Lung Cancer
		Emerging Techniques
		Future Directions
	References
Chapter 4: Mediastinoscopy: Surgical Versus Medical
	Introduction
	Scope of the Problem
	Traditional Approach to Mediastinal Lymph Node Staging
		Cervical Mediastinoscopy [Med]
		Variants of Mediastinoscopic Lymphadenectomy
		Parasternal Mediastinotomy
		Extended Cervical Mediastinoscopy
		VATS and Thoracoscopy
		Role of Interventional Pulmonology Procedures in Mediastinal LN Staging in NSCLC
		EUS-FNA
		Endoscopic Techniques: Performance in Mediastinal LN Staging
		Limitations of Endoscopic Mediastinal LN Staging
		Recommendations
	Conclusion and Future Directions
	References
Chapter 5: Airway Foreign Bodies: Rigid vs Flexible Approach
	Introduction
	What Are the Types of Airway FB?
	What Is the Clinical Presentation of Airway FB?
	How to Select Between Flexible and Rigid Bronchoscopy in the Management of Airway FB?
	What Are the Basic Principles in Removal of Foreign Body?
	What Are the Instruments for Grasping and Removing the FB Through the Flexible Bronchoscope?
	What Is the Role of Rigid Bronchoscopy in Removal of Airway FB?
	How Is a Metallic or an Inorganic FB Removed?
	How Is an Organic FB Removed?
	What Are the Recent Advances in the Management of Airway FB?
	What Is the Efficacy of Flexible and Rigid Bronchoscopy for Managing Airway FB?
	How Is the Management of Foreign Body Aspiration Different in Children Compared to Adults?
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 6: Management of Bronchopleural Fistula
	Definition of Bronchopleural Fistula (BPF)
	Risk Factors Associated with the Bronchopleural Fistula
	Clinical Presentation
	Diagnostic Studies
	Initial Management of Bronchopleural Fistulas
	Surgical Repair of Bronchopleural Fistulas
	Nonsurgical Treatment of Bronchopleural Fistulas
	Endobronchial Valves
	Refractory Patients
	Eloesser Flap
	Clagett Window
	Prognosis
	Summary
	References
Chapter 7: Management of Acquired Tracheoesophageal Fistula in Adults
	Introduction
	Etiology and Risk Factors
	Clinical Manifestations
	Diagnostic Evaluation
	Location of TEF
	Management
		Preoperative Management
		Intraoperative Management
		Stenting Strategy in TEF
			Single Esophageal Stenting
			Single Airway Stenting
			Double Airway and Esophageal Stenting
		Assessing the Efficacy of Airway Stent
		Other Therapeutic Modalities
	Outcomes
	Conclusions
	References
Chapter 8: Lung Volume Reduction: Surgical Versus Endobronchial
	Introduction
	Pathophysiology of Emphysema
	Lung Transplantation
	Lung Volume Reduction Surgery
	Endobronchial Valves
	Endobronchial Lung Volume Reduction Coils
	Sealants
	Vapour Therapy
	Accessory Airway Formation
	Treatment of Giant Bullae
	Summary
	References
Chapter 9: Surgical Versus Medical Management of Anastomotic Dehiscence
	Interventional Pulmonologist Approach to Anastomotic Dehiscence
	Surgical Approach to Anastomotic Dehiscence
		Surgical Prevention of Anastomotic Dehiscence
		Surgical Treatment of Anastomotic Dehiscence
	References
Chapter 10: Benign Tracheal Stenosis: Medical Versus Surgical Management
	Introduction
	Scope of the Problem
		Tracheal Anatomy
		Etiology of Tracheal Stenosis
	Presentation and Diagnostic Evaluation
		Clinical Features
		Spirometric Evaluation
		Radiographic Evaluation
		Laboratory Evaluation
		Bronchoscopic Evaluation
	Classification of Tracheal Stenosis
	Traditional Approach to the Treatment of Tracheal Stenosis
		Airway Stabilization
		Role of Interventional Pulmonology Procedures
		Outcomes of Interventional Pulmonary Procedures
	Limitations of Interventional Pulmonology Procedures
	Role of Thoracic Surgery
	Recommendations
	Future Direction
	Conclusions
	References
Chapter 11: Hemoptysis
	Introduction
	Pulmonary Vascular Anatomy
	Causes of Hemoptysis
	Diagnosis and Management
	Current Role of Interventional Pulmonology
		Diagnostic Utility of Bronchoscopy
	Therapeutic Bronchoscopy
		Vasoconstrictors
		Bronchial Blocker
		Procoagulants
		Laser Photocoagulation
		Argon Plasma Coagulation
		Cryotherapy
		Procedure-Related Bleeding
	Bronchial Artery Embolization
	Current Role of Thoracic Surgery
	References
Chapter 12: Role of Interventional Pulmonology in Miscellaneous Conditions
	Broncholithiasis
		Management
		Role of Bronchoscopy
		Surgery for Broncholithiasis
		Conclusions
	Bronchogenic Cysts
		Management
		Surgery for Bronchogenic Cysts
		Role of Bronchoscopy
		Conclusion
	Lung Abscess
		CT-Guided Drainage in Lung Abscess
		Bronchoscopy in Lung Abscess
		Diagnostic Role of Bronchoscopy
		Therapeutic Role of Bronchoscopy
		Surgical Treatment of Lung Abscess
		Conclusions
	Bronchial Carcinoid
		Role of Bronchoscopy in Diagnosis
		Treatment of Bronchial Carcinoid Tumors
		Role of Therapeutic Bronchoscopy
		Conclusions
	References
Chapter 13: Undiagnosed Exudative Effusion: Thoracoscopy Vs. Pleuroscopy
	Introduction
		Pleural Effusion of Unknown Etiology
			Pleuroscopy
	Indications and Contraindications for Medical Thoracoscopy
	Patient Preparation
	Anesthesia
	Technique
		Thoracoscopic-Guided Biopsy of Parietal Pleura
		Thoracoscopic Talc Poudrage
	Complications
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 14: Pneumothorax: Large-Bore Tubes Vs. Pigtail Catheter
	Background
	Pathophysiology
	Etiology
	Pneumothorax Size and Intervention Considerations
	Options for Pneumothorax Intervention Tube Selection
	References
Chapter 15: Pleurodesis: From Thoracic Surgery to Interventional Pulmonology
	History
		Indications
		Techniques
		Pleurodesis Agents
		Types of Pleurodesis Outcome
		Mechanisms of Pleurodesis
		Talc
	Indications for Pleurodesis
		A-Malignant Pleural Effusion
			Introduction
			Pleurodesis for MPE
		Poudrage Vs. Slurry Talc Pleurodesis
		Mechanical Pleurodesis
		Pleuroperitoneal Pump
		Silver Nitrate-Coated Indwelling Pleural Catheter (SNCIPC)
		Prediction of Successful Pleurodesis
		B-Pleurodesis in Refractory Benign (BPE) or Nonmalignant Pleural Effusion
		C-Pneumothorax
		Contraindications
		Complications
	Cost
	Future
	References
Index