From Shipbreaking to Sustainable Ship Recycling

From Shipbreaking to Sustainable Ship Recycling......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Series Editor's Preface (David Freestone)......Page 10
Foreword (Aldo Chircop)......Page 12
Acknowledgements......Page 14
List of Abbreviations......Page 16
I. Background......Page 18
II. A Note on Terminology......Page 24
A Final Note on Terminology......Page 25
I. Introduction......Page 27
II. The Shipbreaking Industry: An Overview......Page 29
III. Shipbreaking Yards on the Indian Subcontinent or Toxic Hotspots?......Page 43
A. Bangladesh: The Market Leader......Page 44
B. Shipbreaking in Pakistan......Page 46
C. Shipbreaking in India......Page 47
1. The Final Journey to Alang......Page 49
2. Placing Profits before People: The Human Costs of Shipbreaking......Page 50
3. Environmental Consequences......Page 53
D. Shipbreaking in China......Page 55
E. Emerging Scenario......Page 56
IV. Shipbreaking in the OECD Member States......Page 57
A. Turkey: The Major Player in the OECD......Page 58
B. The European Union Waste Shipment Regulations......Page 60
C. Shipbreaking in the United States: Exorcising the Ghost Fleet......Page 63
V. Conclusion......Page 68
I. Introduction......Page 70
A. Protecting Labour and the Environment......Page 71
B. The Ship Recycling Legal Regime......Page 76
C. Shortcomings to the Ship Recycling Regulation in India......Page 80
A. Development of Indian Environmental Jurisprudence......Page 82
1. The Supreme Court Guidelines on Sustainable Ship Recycling......Page 87
2. Strengthening the Guidelines on Sustainable Shipbreaking: One Step Forward, Two Steps Back......Page 91
3. Toxic Ships and Progressive Dilution of the Guidelines......Page 93
i. The 'Riky'......Page 94
ii. The 'Clemenceau'......Page 98
iii. The 'Blue Lady'......Page 103
4. Justice to the Junkyards: A Mirage?......Page 116
IV. The Economics of Shifting Ship-Scrap Markets and Efficacy of National Legal Regimes......Page 118
V. Conclusion......Page 119
I. Introduction......Page 121
II. Ship Dismantling and International Hazardous Waste Management Law......Page 122
III. Shipbreaking and the Law of the Sea......Page 133
IV. Safe Shipbreaking and the International Labour Organization......Page 136
A. Dumping Obsolete Ships: The London Convention and its 1996 Protocol......Page 139
B. Recycling Shipwrecks and the Wreck Removal Convention......Page 143
C. The Anti-Fouling Systems Convention and Ship Recycling......Page 145
D. Aquatic Nuisance Species, the Ballast Water Convention and Ship Recycling......Page 147
E. Ship Recycling and MARPOL 73/78......Page 150
F. The IMO Guidelines on Ship Recycling, 2003......Page 151
VI. Conclusion......Page 160
I. Introduction......Page 162
II. Salient Features of the Ship Recycling Convention......Page 164
A. Applicability......Page 167
C. Identification of Major Actors......Page 168
1. Responsibilities of the Flag State......Page 169
2. Recycling State......Page 172
i. Ship Recycling Facility Plan......Page 173
iii. Worker Safety and Training......Page 174
iv. Ship Recycling Plan......Page 175
v. Ensuring Safe and Environmentally Sound Management of Hazardous Wastes......Page 176
4. Shipowner......Page 177
5. Port State Control......Page 178
6. Reporting Requirements......Page 179
8. Cooperation and Technology Transfer......Page 180
10. Relation to Other International Instruments......Page 181
12. Dispute Settlement......Page 182
13. Summary of the Ship Recycling Process......Page 183
III. The Ship Recycling Convention, IMO Guidelines, Basel Convention and Dilution of the Principle of Equivalency......Page 184
1. Illegal Traffic as a Criminal Act......Page 192
4. Prior Decontamination of Ships......Page 193
6. Proximity Principle v. Not in My Back Yard Syndrome (NIMBY)......Page 194
7. The Principle of Prior Informed Consent......Page 195
8. Trade between Parties and Non-Parties......Page 196
B. The IMO Guidelines on Ship Recycling and the Ship Recycling Convention......Page 197
C. Other Deficiencies in the Ship Recycling Convention......Page 199
IV. Conclusion......Page 206
I. Towards a Sustainable International Legal Regime on Ship Recycling......Page 208
A. Developing 'Green Capacity': Replacing Beaching by More Acceptable Methods......Page 213
B. Need for a Ship Recycling Contract......Page 214
C. Prior Decontamination of Hazardous Materials......Page 215
D. Responsibility of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Countries......Page 216
E. Responsibilities of Third World Governments......Page 217
G. Promoting a Green Culture......Page 218
H. Transparency......Page 219
J. Application of the Polluter Pays Principle and Creation of a Ship Recycling Fund......Page 220
K. Responsibility of the IMO......Page 222
Appendix Hong Kong International Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships, 2009......Page 226
Bibliography......Page 274
Index......Page 302