From Corbel Arches to Double Curvature Vaults: Analysis, Conservation and Restoration of Architectural Heritage Masonry Structures

Contents
Introduction
	Outline of the Book Chapters
	References
Historical Review of Masonry Arches and Vaults. Trends in Historic Preservation and the Relevance of Understanding Curved Masonry Structures
	1 Introduction
	2 Masonry Analysis: Geometry, Composition, Quality
		2.1 Short Notes on Masonry Typologies
		2.2 Investigation Tests for Masonry Walls
	3 Masonry Typologies Diffused in Como Lake Area
	4 The Building Traditions of Masonry Vaults in Como and Its Territory
	5 Conclusion
	References
Survey and Monitoring Methods for Masonry Arches and Vaults
	1 Introduction
	2 Objectives of Survey and Monitoring
	3 Approaches for Survey and Monitoring
	4 Measurement Methods and Engineering Cases
		4.1 Vision-Based Methods
		4.2 Terrestrial Laser Scan
		4.3 Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)
		4.4 Sonic Tests
		4.5 Infrared (IR) Thermography
		4.6 Ambient Vibration Testing (AVT)
	5 Conclusion
	References
Digital Setting Out Techniques for Tile Vaults Without Formwork
	1 Introduction
	2 Tile Vaults
		2.1 Construction and Structural Behaviour
		2.2 Digital Modelling for Tile Vaults
	3 Setting Out Through Cameras and Markers Detection Systems
		3.1 Implementation of the System
		3.2 Vault Positioning and Setting Out Procedure
		3.3 Precision of the System
		3.4 Case Studies
	4 Conclusions
	References
Experimental Behaviour of Masonry: Static and Dynamic Behaviour of Arches and Vaults
	1 Introduction on the Experimental Works on Arches and Vaults
	2 Damage and Collapse Mechanisms in Masonry Arches and Vaults
	3 Literature Review on Experimental Campaigns of Masonry Arches and Vaults
	4 Experimental Behaviour of Masonry Vaulted Structures
		4.1 Scaled Dry-Joint Arch
		4.2 Scaled Dry-Joint Groin Vault
	5 Insight on the Design Process of a Full-Scale Mortared Masonry Groin Vault According to the Rule of Thumbs
		5.1 Preparation of the Mock-Up
		5.2 Bricks: Bond and Interlocking
		5.3 Mortar
	6 Case Studies: Hostelry Cloister, Tomar and Cathedral of Porto, Portugal
	7 Conclusion
	References
Revisiting Classic Methods for the Equilibrium Analysis of Masonry Arches and Domes
	1 Introduction
	2 The Method of Maxima and Minima (Coulomb 1776)
	3 A Parallel Formulation: The Principle of Virtual Work (Mascheroni 1785)
	4 Towards the Limit Analysis of Masonry Structures
	5 The Thrust Line Method: A Brief Review on Historical Literature
	6 Durand-Claye’s Method for the Stability of Masonry Arches and Domes and Its Modern Re-Visitation
	7 Modern Contributions on the Equilibrium Analysis of Masonry Arches and Domes
	8 Concluding Remarks
	References
Rigid Block Limit Analysis of Masonry Arches with Associated and Non-associated Slides
	1 Introduction
	2 General Modeling of the Collapse of the Arch
		2.1 Equilibrium Condition
		2.2 Geometric Compatibility
		2.3 Constitutive Laws at the Interfaces: Associated and Non-associated
		2.4 Mathematical Programming Formulations
	3 Associated Problem
		3.1 Lower Bound (LB) Theory and Upper Bound (UB) Theory
		3.2 Relation Between LB and UB Formulation: Duality
		3.3 Relation Between the LB/UB Formulations and the LCP Problem
		3.4 Example
	4 Non-associated Problem
		4.1 Linear Complementary Programming
		4.2 Sequential Linear Programming (SLP)
		4.3 Example
	5 Reinforcement
		5.1 Formulation
		5.2 Example
	6 Conclusions
	References
NURBS-Based Limit Analysis of Masonry Vaults
	1 Introduction
	2 NURBS Parametric Representation
	3 Limit Analysis of NURBS-Based Rigid Blocks
		3.1 Lower Bound Approach
		3.2 Upper Bound Approach
	4 Genetic Algorithm Mesh Adaptation
	5 Some Numerical Examples
		5.1 Three-Centered Masonry Arch Bridge
		5.2 Gothic Arches in the Convent of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, Lisbon
		5.3 Masonry Dome in L’Aquila
	6 Conclusions
	References
Discrete Element Modelling of Masonry Arch Bridges, Arches and Vaults
	1 Introduction
	2 DEM Modelling of Masonry Structures
		2.1 Contact Formulation in 2D
		2.2 Contact Detection in 3D
		2.3 Constitutive Models for Contacts
		2.4 Equations of Motion for Rigid Blocks
		2.5 Equations of Motion for Deformable Blocks
		2.6 Mechanical Damping
		2.7 Numerical Stability
	3 Static Analysis of Arches and Vaults
		3.1 Arch Models
		3.2 Vault Models
		3.3 Analysis of a Reinforced Masonry Arch Bridge
	4 Dynamic Analysis of Arches
	5 A Simple Example of Modelling a Masonry Arch with 3DEC
	6 Conclusions
	References
Complex Simplicity—Design of Innovative Sustainable Thin-Shell Masonry Structures
	1 Introduction
		1.1 King’s College Chapel: Practice and Analysis
		1.2 Cesar Martinell: Utility and Structural Innovation
		1.3 Eladio Dieste: Advanced Masonry
	2 Thin Tile Vaulting
		2.1 Guastavino and Thin Tile Vaults in America
		2.2 Craft and Industry
	3 Complex Simplicity
		3.1 Crossway House (Low Stresses-High Performances)
		3.2 Pines Calyx
		3.3 Sussex Cellar
		3.4 Mapungubwe
	4 Rwanda Cricket Stadium
		4.1 Background
		4.2 Context
		4.3 Architectural Design and Program
		4.4 Structural Design
		4.5 Construction
	References