Framing Hijab in the European Mind: Press Discourse, Social Categorization and Stereotypes

Acknowledgments
Contents
Introduction
Introduction
	References
The Politics of the European Muslim Women’s Identity: Challenging the Public Discourse and National Sign System
The Politics of Identity: Islam Visibility in the National Public Sphere
	Introduction
	The Need of an Enemy
	Constructing the Forbidden: European Muslim “Us”
	A Puzzled Battle in the Public Sphere: Laïcité, Secularism, and Religious Freedom
	The British Muslim Community: An Overview
		Rushdie’s Affair
		Multiculturalism, Britishness or Social Richness
		British Public School
	Spanish Context
		Muslim’s Civil Participation
		Ceuta and Melilla
		Spanish Public Schools
	Conclusion
	References
Intersectional Euro-Muslim Women: Western Political and Feminist Responses
	Introduction
	Western Feminists’ Framing of Muslim Women: From the Past to the Present
	Islamic Feminism: Necessity and Sensibility
	Women Vestment: Human Rights Vs. Religious Islamic Approach
	A Political Response
	Public Discourses on Hijab
		Religious Liberty vs. Euro-Secularism: Inclusion vs. Exclusion
		Gender Equality vs. Gender Justice
	Conclusions
	References
The Hijab Sign System: Toward a Cognitive Critical Discourse Analysis Theory CCDA
	Introduction
	Cognitive (Socio)Linguistics
		Historical and Contemporary Perspectives
		Conceptual Metaphors: Definitions and Properties
		Cultural Models, Mental Frames, and Metaphors
		Framing Social Signs: Positionality and Belonging
	Critical Discourse Analysis CDA
		Ideology and Language
		Discourse(s) on Social Signs
		Discourse Hegemony
		Critical Discourse Analysis
		Discursive Strategies
		Discourse Authority
		Authoritative Discourse on the EU Hijab
	Toward a Cognitive Critical Discourse Analysis CCDA
	Conclusion
	References
Framing the National Hijab in the European Mind (Spanish and British Cases)
Data Review
	Introduction
	Selection Criteria and Variables
	Data Discussion
	Conclusion
	References
Framing National Hijab in the European Mind: Within and Cross-Cultural Analysis of the British and Spanish Press
	Introduction
	Framing Hijab Through “Discrimination”
		Spanish “Discrimination” Mental Frame of Hijab
		British “Discrimination” Mental Frame of Hijab
		Cross-Cultural Analysis
	Framing Hijab Through “Submission”
		Spanish “Submission” Mental Frame of Hijab
		British “Submission” Mental Frame of Hijab
		Cross-Cultural Analysis
	Framing Hijab Through “Compulsivity”
		Spanish “Compulsivity” Mental Frame of Hijab
		British “Compulsivity” Mental Frame of Hijab
		Cross-Cultural Analysis
	Framing Hijab Through “Concealment”
		Spanish “Concealment” Mental Frame
		British “Concealment” Mental Frame of the Hijab
		Cross-Cultural Analysis
	Framing Hijab Through “Religiosity”
		Spanish “Religiosity” Mental Frame of Hijab
		British “Religiosity” Mental Frame of Hijab
		Cross-Cultural Analysis
	Framing Hijab Through “Othering”
		Spanish “Othering” Mental Frame of Hijab
		British “Othering” Mental Frame of Hijab
		Cross-Cultural Analysis
	Conclusions
	References
Framing National Hijab-Wearing Women in the European Mind: Within and Cross-Cultural Analysis of the British and Spanish Press
	Introduction
	Framing the Hijab-Wearing Women Through “Ignorance”
		Spanish “Ignorance” Mental Frame of Hijab-Wearing Women
		British “Ignorance” Mental Frame of Hijab-Wearing Women
		Cross-Cultural Analysis
	Framing the Hijab-Wearing Women Through “Oppression”
		Spanish “Oppression” Mental Frame of Hijab-Wearing Women
		British “Oppression” Mental Frame of Hijab-Wearing Women
		Cross-Cultural Analysis
	Framing the Hijab-Wearing Women Through “Othering”
		Spanish “Othering” Mental Frame of Hijab-Wearing Women
		British “Othering” Mental Frame of Hijab-Wearing Women
		Cross-Cultural Analysis
	Framing the Hijab-Wearing Women Through “Indiscipline”
		Spanish “Indiscipline” Mental Frame of Hijab-Wearing Women
		British “Indiscipline” Mental Frame of Hijab-Wearing Women
		Cross-Cultural Analysis
	Conclusion
	References
Conceptual Metaphors in the Hijab Debate: Multi-Dimensional Analysis in the Spanish and British Press Discourse
	Introduction
	CONTAINER
		Possession and Accessibility to OUR CONTAINER
		Barriers to the CONTAINER
	Personification
		THE HIJAB IS AN UNDESIRABLE PERSON
		THE HIJAB IS AN ADOPTED CHILD
		THE HIJAB IS AN IDENTITY SWIPER
	SYMBOLISM
		SIGN OF IDENTITY-SYMBOL OF IDENTITY
		SYMBOL OF OPPRESSION/IGNORANCE/DISCRIMINATION/ DISORIENTATION
		SIGN OF LIBERATION
	TOOL
		THE HIJAB IS A PROTECTIVE TOOL
		THE HIJAB IS A HARMING TOOL
		TTHE VEIL IS AN OPPRESSIVE/PROBLEMATIC TOOL
		THE VEIL IS AN EMPOWERING/LIBERATING TOOL
	ENTITY
		THE HIJAB IS ENTITY and IDENTITY IS ENTITY
		THE HIJAB IS AN ENTITY/BODY PART
	JOURNEY
	WAR
		The ENEMY
		THE THREATENED
		THE VICTIMS
		TOOLS
		THE BATTLE
	Conclusion
	References
Conclusion
Conclusions
Bibliography