Foundations of periodontics for the dental hygienist

Cover Page
Quick Find Guide
Title Page
Copyright Page
Liability Statement
Contents
Contributors
Reviewers
Preface for Course Instructors
Acknowledgments
PART 1: THE PERIODONTIUM IN HEALTH
	Chapter 1: Periodontium: The Tooth-Supporting Structures
		Learning Objectives
		Key Terms
		Section 1: Tissues of the Periodontium
			THE GINGIVA
			PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT
			ROOT CEMENTUM
			ALVEOLAR BONE
		Section 2: Nerve Supply, Blood Supply, and Lymphatic System
			NERVE SUPPLY TO THE PERIODONTIUM
			BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE PERIODONTIUM
			LYMPHATIC SYSTEM AND THE PERIODONTIUM
		Chapter Summary Statement
		Section 3: Focus on Patients
		References
		Suggested Readings
	Chapter 2: Microscopic Anatomy of the Periodontium
		Learning Objectives
		Key Terms
		Section 1: Histology of the Body’s Tissues
			MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF A TISSUE
			MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE
			MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE
			EPITHELIAL-CONNECTIVE TISSUE BOUNDARY
			EPITHELIAL CELL JUNCTIONS
		Section 2: Histology of the Gingiva
			MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF GINGIVAL EPITHELIUM
			WHY THE TEETH NEED A JUNCTIONAL EPITHELIUM
			ATTACHMENT OF THE CELLS OF THE JUNCTIONAL EPITHELIUM
			MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF GINGIVAL CONNECTIVE TISSUE
		Section 3: Histology of Root Cementum and Alveolar Bone
			MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF CEMENTUM
			MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF ALVEOLAR BONE
		Chapter Summary Statement
		Section 4: Focus on Patients
		References
		Suggested Readings
PART 2: CLASSIFICATION AND TISSUE DESTRUCTION IN PERIODONTAL DISEASES
	Chapter 3: The Progression of Periodontal Disease
		Learning Objectives
		Key Terms
		Section 1: The Periodontium in Health and Disease
			THREE BASIC STATES OF THE PERIODONTIUM
			PERIODONTIUM IN HEALTH
			GINGIVITIS—REVERSIBLE TISSUE DAMAGE
			PERIODONTITIS—PERMANENT TISSUE DESTRUCTION
		Section 2: Pathogenesis of Bone Destruction
			CHANGES IN ALVEOLAR BONE HEIGHT IN DISEASE
			PATTERNS OF BONE LOSS IN PERIODONTITIS
		Section 3: Periodontal Pockets
			CHARACTERISTICS OF PERIODONTAL POCKETS
			POCKET FORMATION
		Chapter Summary Statement
		Section 4: Focus on Patients
		Suggested Readings
	Chapter 4: Classification of Periodontal Diseases
		Learning Objectives
		Key Terms
		Section 1: Introduction to Disease Classification
			MAJOR DIAGNOSTIC CATECORIES OF PERIODONTAL DISEASE
		Section 2: Classification Systems
			THE 1989 CLASSIFICATION OF INFLAMMATORY PERIODONTAL DISEASES
			THE 1999 AAP CLASSIFICATION OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES AND CONDITIONS
			COMPARING THE 1989 AND 1999 CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS
		Section 3: AAP Classification System for Periodontal Diseases
		Section 4: Overview of Periodontal Diseases
			GINGIVAL DISEASES
			PERIODONTITIS
		Chapter Summary Statement
		References
	Chapter 5: Search for the Causes of Periodontal Disease
		Learning Objectives
		Key Terms
		Section 1: Epidemiology: Researching Periodontal Disease
		Section 2: Control and Progression of Periodontal Disease
			CONTROL OF PERIODONTAL DISEASE
			PROGRESSION OF PERIODONTAL DISEASE
		Section 3: Risk Factors for Periodontal Disease
		Chapter Summary Statement
		Section 4: Focus on Patients
		References
PART 3: ETIOLOGY OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES
	Chapter 6: Oral Biofilms and Periodontal Infections
		Learning Objectives
		Key Terms
		Section 1: Bacteria in the Oral Environment
			CHARACTERISTICS OF BACTERTA
			BIOFILMS: BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES
		Section 2: Bacteria Associated with Periodontal Health and Disease
			SPECIES CAPABLE OF COLONIZING THE MOUTH
			MICROORGANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH SPECIFIC PERIODONTAL STATES
			CURRENT SUSPECTED PERIODONTAL PATHOGENS
		Section 3: The Structure and Colonization of Plaque Biofilms
			THE COMPLEX STRUCTURE OF DENTAL PLAQUE BIOFILMS
			BACTERIAL COLONIZATION AND SUCCESSION
			MICROBIAS COMPLEXES AND ATTACHMENT ZONES
		Section 4: Mechanisms of Periodontal Destruction
		Section 5: Control of Plaque Biofilms
		Chapter Summary Statement
		Section 6: Focus on Patients
		References
	Chapter 7: Local Contributing Factors
		Learning Objectives
		Key Terms
		Section 1: Introduction to Local Contributing Factors
			MECHANISMS FOR INCREASED DISEASE RISK
		Section 2: Local Factors that Increase Plaque Biofilm Retention
		Section 3: Local Factors that Increase Plaque Biofilm Pathogenicity
		Section 4: Local Factors that Cause Direct Damage
		Chapter Summary Statement
		Section 5: Focus on Patients
	Chapter 8: Basic Concepts of Immunity and Inflammation
		Learning Objectives
		Key Terms
		Section 1: The Body’s Defense System
			INTRODUCTION TO THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
			COMPONENTS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
			CELLS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
			THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM
		Section 2: Leukocyte Migration, Chemotaxis, and Phagocytosis
		Section 3: The Inflammatory Process
			MAJOR EVENTS IN THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
			TWO STAGES OF INFLAMMATION
		Chapter Summary Statement
		Section 4: Focus on Patients
		References
	Chpater 9: Host Immune Response to Periodontal Pathogens
		Learning Objectives
		Key Terms
		Section 1: The Role of Host Response in Periodontal Disease
			INFLAMMATORY BIOCHEMICAL MEDIATORS
		Section 2: Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Periodontal Disease
			MECHANISMS OF BONE DESTRUCTION
		Chapter Summary Statement
		Section 3: Focus on Patients
		References
	Chapter 10: Systemic Factors Associated with Periodontal Disease
		Learning Objectives
		Key Terms
		Section 1: Systemic Risk Factors for Periodontitis
			DIABETES MELLITUS
			LEUKEMIA
			ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME
			OSTEOPOROSIS
			HORMONAL VARIATIONS
		Section 2: Genetic Risk Factors for Periodontitis
		Section 3: Systemic Medications with Periodontal Side Effects
		Section 4: Focus on Patients
		References
	Chapter 11: Smoking and Periodontal Disease
		Learning Objectives
		Key Term
		Section 1: Introduction to Smoking and Periodontal Disease
		Section 2: Mechanisms of Periodontal Disease Progression in Smokers
		Section 3: Smoking Cessation
		Chapter Summary Statement
		Section 4: Focus on Patients
		References
	Chapter 12: Etiologic Factors: Risk for Periodontitis
		Learning Objectives
		Key Terms
		Section 1: Risk Factors For Periodontal Disease
		Section 2: Balance Between Periodontal Health and Disease
			BIOLOGIC EQUILIBRIUM
			PERIODONTAL RISK ASSESSMENT
		Chapter Summary Statement
		Section 3: Focus on Patients
		Suggested Readings
PART 4: GINGIVAL DISEASE
	Chapter 13: Clinical Features of the Gingiva
		Learning Objectives
		Key Terms
		Section 1: Clinical Features of Healthy Gingiva
		Section 2: Clinical Features of Gingival Inflammation
		Section 3: Extent and Distribution of Inflammation
		Chapter Summary Statement
		Section 4: Focus on Patients
	Chapter 14: Diseases of the Gingiva
		Learning Objectives
		Key Terms
		Section 1: Classification of Gingival Diseases
		Section 2: Dental Plaque-Induced Gingival Diseases
		Section 3: Non–Plaque-Induced Gingival Lesions
		Chapter Summary Statement
		Section 4: Focus on Patients
		References
PART 5: PERIODONTITIS
	Chapter 15: Chronic Periodontitis
		Learning Objectives
		Key Terms
		Section 1: Classification of Periodontitis
		Section 2: Chronic Periodontitis—The Most Common Form
			GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS
			SEVERITY, EXTENT, AND PROGRESSION OF CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS
			TREATMENT CONSIDERATIONS FOR INITIAL NONSURGICAL THERAPY
			RECURRENT AND REFRACTORY FORMS OF CHRONIC PERODONTITIS
			Chapter Summary Statement
		Section 3: Focus on Patients
		References
		Suggested Reading
	Chapter 16: Aggressive Periodontitis
		Learning Objectives
		Key Terms
		Section 1: Aggressive Periodontitis—Highly Destructive Form
			GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS
			LOCALIZED AND GENERALIZED AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS
			TREATMENT CONSIDERATIONS FOR AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS
		Chapter Summary Statement
		Section 2: Focus on Patients
		References
	Chapter 17: Other Periodontal Conditions
		Learning Objectives
		Key Terms
		LESS COMMON FORMS OF PERIODONTITIS
		Section 1: Periodontitis as a Manifestation of Systemic Diseases
		Section 2: Necrotizing Periodontal Diseases
		Section 3: Developmental or Acquired Deformities and Conditions
			TOOTH-RELATED FACTORS
			MUCOGINGIVAL DEFORMITIES AND CONDITIONS AROUND TEETH
			OCCLUSAL TRAUMA IN PATIENTS WITH PERIODONTITIS
		Chapter Summary Statement
		Section 4: Focus on Patients
		References
		Suggested Reading
	Chapter 18: Periodontitis as a Risk Factor for Systemic Disease
		Learning Objectives
		Key Terms
		Section 1: Periodontitis and Systemic Disease
		Chapter Summary Statement
		Section 2: Focus on Patients
		References
PART 6: ASSESSMENT FOR CLINICAL DECISION MAKING
	Chapter 19: Clinical Periodontal Assessment
		Learning Objectives
		Key Terms
		Section 1: Introduction to Periodontal Assessment
			OVERVIEW OF THE ASSESSMENT PROCESS
			DOCUMENTATION
		Section 2: The Periodontal Screening Examination
		Section 3: The Comprehensive Periodontal Assessment
		Section 4: Clinical Features that Require Calculations
		Chapter Summary Statement
		Section 5: Focus on Patients
		References
		Suggested Reading
	Chapter 20: Radiographic Analysis of the Periodontium
		Learning Objectives
		Key Terms
		Section 1: Radiographic Appearance of the Periodontium
		Section 2: Use of Radiographs for Periodontal Evaluation
		Chapter Summary Statement
		Section 3: Focus on Patients
	Chapter 21: Nutrition and Periodontal Disease
		Learning Objectives
		Key Terms
		Section 1: The Influence of Diet and Nutrition on the Periodontium
		Section 2: Nutritional Counseling for a Healthy Periodontium
		Chapter Summary Statement
		Section 3: Focus on Patients
		References
	Chapter 22: Best Practices of Periodontal Care
		Learning Objectives
		Key Terms
		Section 1: What is Best Practice?
		Section 2: The Role of Evidence-Based Care in Best Practice
		Section 3: Finding Clinically Relevant Information
			CLINICAL CASE EXAMPLE
		Section 4: Lifelong Learning Skills for Best Practice
		Chapter Summary Statement
		Section 5: Focus on Patients
		References
	Chapter 23: Decision Making During Treatment Planning for Patients with Periodontal Disease
		Learning Objectives
		Key Terms
		Section 1: Decisions Related to Assigning a Periodontal Diagnosis
			DECISION MAKING: FUNDAMENTAL DIAGNOSTIC QUESTIONS
			DOCUMENTING THE PERIODONTAL DIAGNOSIS
		Section 2: Decisions Related to Treatment Sequencing
		Section 3: Informed Consent for Periodontal Treatment
		Chapter Summary Statement
		Section 4: Focus on Patients
		Reference
		Suggested Reading
PART 7: IMPLEMENTATION OF THERAPY
	Chapter 24: Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy
		Learning Objectives
		Key Terms
		Section 1: Overview of Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy
			PRINCIPLES OF NONSURGICAL PERIODONTAL THERAPY
			TYPICAL TREATMENT PLANS FOR NONSURGICAL PERIODONTAL THERAPY
		Section 2: Nonsurgical Instrumentation
			PERIODONTAL INSTRUMENTATION
			DENTINAL HYPERSENSITIVITY
		Section 3: Decisions Following Nonsurgical Therapy
			THE RE-EVALUATION APPOINTMENT
			THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NONSURGICAL THERAPY AND PERIODONTAL SURGERY
			RECOGNIZING THE NEED FOR REFERRAL TO A PERIODONTIST
		Chapter Summary Statement
		Section 4: Focus on Patients
		References
		Suggested Readings
	Chapter 25: Using Motivational Interviewing to Enhance Patient Behavior Change
		Learning Objectives
		Key Terms
		Section 1: Introduction to Human Behavior Change
			WHAT IS MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING?
			EMPIRICAL SUPPORT FOR MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING
		Section 2: Components of Motivational Interviewing
			FOUR GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING
			SPECIFIC MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING METHODS
		Section 3: Implications for Dental Hygiene Practice
			EXAMPLE 1
			EXAMPLE 2
			EXAMPLE 3
		Chapter Summary Statement
		Section 4: Focus on Patients
		References
	Chapter 26: Patient\'s Role in Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy
		Learning Objectives
		Key Terms
		Section 1: Patient Self-Care
		Section 2: Toothbrushing and Tongue Cleaning
		Section 3: Interdental Care
		Chapter Summary Statement
		Section 4: Focus on Patients
		References
	Chapter 27: Supragingival and Subgingival Irrigation
		Learning Objectives
		Key Terms
		Section 1: Patient-Applied Home Irrigation
		Section 2: Professional Subgingival Irrigation
		Chapter Summary Statement
		Section 3: Focus on Patients
		References
	Chapter 28: Chemical Agents in Plaque Biofilm Control
		Learning Objectives
		Key Terms
		Section 1: Introduction to Chemical Agents in Plaque Biofilm Control
		Section 2: Use of Systemic Antibiotics to Control Dental Plaque Biofilm
		Section 3: Use of Topically Delivered Chemical Agents
		Chapter Summary Statement
		Section 4: Focus on Patients
		Suggested Readings
	Chapter 29: Host Modulation
		Learning Objectives
		Key Terms
		Section 1: Introduction to the Concept of Host Modulation
		Section 2: Host Modulation as a Part of Comprehensive Periodontal Management
		Chapter Summary Statement
		Section 3: Focus on Patients
		Suggested Readings
	Chapter 30: Periodontal Surgical Concepts for the Dental Hygienist
		Learning Objectives
		Key Terms
		Section 1: Introduction to Periodontal Surgery
			INDICATIONS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR PERIODONTAL SURGERY
			TERMINOLOGY TO DESCRIBE HEALING AFTER PERIODONTAL SURGERY
		Section 2: Understanding the Periodontal Flap
		Section 3: Descriptions of Common Types of Periodontal Surgery
		Section 4: Biological Enhancement of Surgical Outcomes
		Section 5: Patient Management Following Periodontal Surgery
			USE OF SUTURES IN PERIODONTAL SURGICAL WOUNDS
			USE OF PERIODONTAL DRESSING
			POSTSURGICAL INSTRUCTIONS AND FOLLOW UP VISITS
		Chapter Summary Statement
		Section 6: Focus on Patients
		Suggested Readings
	Chapter 31: Maintenance for the Periodontal Patient
		Learning Objectives
		Key Terms
		Section 1: Introduction to Periodontal Maintenance
		Section 2: Procedures and Planning for Periodontal Maintenance
		Section 3: Disease Recurrence and Patient Compliance
		Section 4: Root Caries as a Complication During Maintenance
		Chapter Summary Statement
		Section 5: Focus on Patients
		References
		Suggested Readings
	Chapter 32: Maintenance of the Dental Implant Patient
		Learning Objectives
		Key Terms
		Section 1: Anatomy of the Dental Implant
		Section 2: Peri-implant Disease
		Section 3: Maintenance of Dental Implants
		Chapter Summary Statement
		Section 4: Focus on Patients
		References
PART 8: OTHER ASPECTS OF PERIODONTAL THERAPY
	Chapter 33: Periodontal Emergencies
		Learning Objectives
		Key Terms
		INTRODUCTION TO ACUTE PERIODONTAL CONDITIONS
		Section 1: Abscesses of the Periodontium
		Section 2: Necrotizing Periodontal Diseases
		Section 3: Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis
		Chapter Summary Statement
		Section 4: Focus on Patients
		Suggested Readings
	Chapter 34: Documentation and Insurance Reporting of Periodontal Care
		Learning Objectives
		Key Terms
		Section 1: Legal Issues in the Provision and Documentation of Care
			CONCEPTS OF MALPRACTICE AND TORT LAW
			AREAS OF POTENTIAL LIABILITY
		Section 2: Documentation of Periodontal Care
		Section 3: Computer-Based Patient Records
		Section 4: Insurance Codes for Periodontal Treatment
		INSURANCE CODES FOR NONSURGICAL PERIODONTAL SERVICES
		Chapter Summary Statement
		Section 5: Focus on Patients
		References
		Suggested Readings
	Chapter 35: Future Directions for Management of Periodontal Patients
		Learning Objective
		Section 1: Diagnostic Technology for Periodontal Diseases
		Section 2: Periodontal Disease/Systemic Disease Connection
		Section 3: Protocols for Maintaining Dental Implants
		Section 4: Treatment Modalities in Periodontal Care
		Chapter Summary Statement
		Suggested Readings
PART 9: PATIENT CASES
	Chapter 36: Comprehensive Patient Cases
		Learning Objective
		Section 1: Fictitious Patient Case 1—Mr. Karn
			PATIENT PROFILE
			PATIENT HEALTH HISTORY
			CLINICAL PHOTOGRAPHS FOR MR. KARN
			RADIOGRAPHIC SERIES FOR MR. KARN
			DECISION-MAKING QUESTIONS FOR CASE 1: MR. KARN
		Section 2: Fictitious Patient Case 2— Mr. Wilton
			PATIENT PROFILE
			PATIENT HEALTH HISTORY
			CLINICAL PHOTOGRAPHS FOR MR. WILTON
			RADIOGRAPHIC SERIES FOR MR. WILTON
			DECISION-MAKING QUESTIONS FOR CASE 2: MR. WILTON
		Section 3: Fictitious Patient Case 3— Mrs. Sandsky
			PATIENT PROFILE
			PATIENT HEALTH HISTORY
			CLINICAL PHOTOGRAPHS FOR MRS. SANDSKY
			RADIOGRAPHIC SERIES FOR MRS. SANDSKY
			DECISION-MAKING QUESTIONS FOR CASE 3: MRS. SANDSKY
		PART 10: INTERNET RESOURCES	http://thePoint.lww.com	Chapter 37: PATIENT CASES: RADIOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS	http://thePoint.lww.com	Chapter 38: PERIODONTAL RESOURCES IN DENTAL LITERATUREAND ON THE INTERNET	http://thePoint.lww.com		Guidelines for reading dental literature	http://thePoint.lww.com		Procedure for searching the Internet	http://thePoint.lww.com		Periodontal Resources on the Internet	http://thePoint.lww.com		ONLINE STUDENT AND INSTRUCTOR RESOURCES	http://thePoint.lww.comGlossary
Index