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ویرایش: 8th ed نویسندگان: Kathleen P Talaro, Barry Chess سری: ISBN (شابک) : 9780073375298, 0071316728 ناشر: McGraw-Hill سال نشر: 2012 تعداد صفحات: 937 زبان: English فرمت فایل : PDF (درصورت درخواست کاربر به PDF، EPUB یا AZW3 تبدیل می شود) حجم فایل: 87 مگابایت
در صورت تبدیل فایل کتاب Foundations in microbiology : basic principles به فرمت های PDF، EPUB، AZW3، MOBI و یا DJVU می توانید به پشتیبان اطلاع دهید تا فایل مورد نظر را تبدیل نمایند.
توجه داشته باشید کتاب مبانی میکروبیولوژی: اصول اساسی نسخه زبان اصلی می باشد و کتاب ترجمه شده به فارسی نمی باشد. وبسایت اینترنشنال لایبرری ارائه دهنده کتاب های زبان اصلی می باشد و هیچ گونه کتاب ترجمه شده یا نوشته شده به فارسی را ارائه نمی دهد.
Talaro/Chess: Foundations in Microbiology یک متن مرتبط با میکروب شناسی سلامت برای رشته های غیرعلمی با رویکرد طبقه بندی به فصل های بیماری است. از طریق استفاده از ابزارهایی مانند مطالعات موردی و تشبیهات برای توضیح کامل مفاهیم دشوار میکروبیولوژی، سبک نوشتاری جذاب و قابل دسترس را ارائه می دهد. ما بسیار هیجانزده هستیم که یک برنامه یادگیری قوی با فعالیتهای یادگیری متمرکز بر دانشآموز ارائه میدهیم که به دانشآموز اجازه میدهد یادگیری خود را مدیریت کند در حالی که شما به راحتی ارزیابی او را مدیریت میکنید. گزارشهای تفصیلی نشان میدهند که تکالیف شما چگونه اهداف یادگیری مختلف را از کتاب اندازهگیری میکنند (یا خودتان را وارد کنید!)، سطوح طبقهبندی بلوم یا دستههای دیگر، و نحوه عملکرد دانشآموزان شما. برنامه Talaro Learning در زمان شما صرفه جویی می کند و در عین حال موفقیت دانش آموزان شما را در این دوره بهبود می بخشد. کاربرانی که Connect Plus را خریداری می کنند به نسخه کامل کتاب الکترونیکی آنلاین کتاب درسی دسترسی خواهند داشت.
Talaro/Chess: Foundations in Microbiology is an allied health microbiology text for non-science majors with a taxonomic approach to the disease chapters. It offers an engaging and accessible writing style through the use of tools such as case studies and analogies to thoroughly explain difficult microbiology concepts. We are so excited to offer a robust learning program with student-focused learning activities, allowing the student to manage their learning while you easily manage their assessment. Detailed reports show how your assignments measure various learning objectives from the book (or input your own!), levels of Bloom’s Taxonomy or other categories, and how your students are doing. The Talaro Learning program will save you time while improving your students success in this course. Users who purchase Connect Plus receive access to the full online ebook version of the textbook.
Front Cover Title Page Copyright Page Brief Contents About the Authors Dedication A Note to the Student CONTENTS Beginning the Journey 1 The Main Themes of Microbiology 1.1 The Scope of Microbiology 1.2 General Characteristics of Microorganisms and Their Roles in the Earth’s Environments The Origins of Microorganisms The Cellular Organization of Microorganisms Microbial Dimensions: How Small Is Small? Microbial Involvement in Energy and Nutrient Flow 1.3 Human Use of Microorganisms 1.4 Microbial Roles in Infectious Diseases 1.5 The Historical Foundations of Microbiology The Development of the Microscope: “Seeing Is Believing” The Establishment of the Scientific Method The Development of Medical Microbiology The Discovery of Spores and Sterilization 1.6 Taxonomy: Organizing, Classifying, and Naming Microorganisms The Levels of Classification Assigning Specific Names 1.7 The Origin and Evolution of Microorganisms Systems for Presenting a Universal Tree of Life 2 The Chemistry of Biology 2.1 Atoms: Fundamental Building Blocks of All Matter in the Universe Different Types of Atoms: Elements and Their Properties The Major Elements of Life and Their Primary Characteristics 2.2 Bonds and Molecules Covalent Bonds: Molecules with Shared Electrons Ionic Bonds: Electron Transfer among Atoms Electron Transfer and Oxidation–Reduction Reactions 2.3 Chemical Reactions, Solutions, and pH Formulas, Models, and Equations Solutions: Homogeneous Mixtures of Molecules Acidity, Alkalinity, and the pH Scale 2.4 The Chemistry of Carbon and Organic Compounds Functional Groups of Organic Compounds Organic Macromolecules: Superstructures of Life 2.5 Molecules of Life: Carbohydrates The Nature of Carbohydrate Bonds The Functions of Carbohydrates in Cells 2.6 Molecules of Life: Lipids Membrane Lipids Miscellaneous Lipids 2.7 Molecules of Life: Proteins Protein Structure and Diversity 2.8 The Nucleic Acids: A Cell Computer and Its Programs The Double Helix of DNA Making New DNA: Passing on the Genetic Message RNA: Organizers of Protein Synthesis ATP: The Energy Molecule of Cells 3 Tools of the Laboratory: Methods of Studying Microorganisms 3.1 Methods of Microbial Investigation 3.2 The Microscope: Window on an Invisible Realm Magnification and Microscope Design Variations on the Optical Microscope Electron Microscopy Preparing Specimens for Optical Microscopes 3.3 Additional Features of the Six “I’s” Inoculation: Growth and Identification of Cultures Isolation Techniques Identification Techniques 3.4 Media: Foundations of Culturing Types of Media Physical States of Media Chemical Content of Media Media to Suit Every Function 4 A Survey of Prokaryotic Cells and Microorganisms 4.1 Basic Characteristics of Cells and Life Forms What Is Life? 4.2 Prokaryotic Profiles: The Bacteria and Archaea The Structure of a Generalized Bacterial Cell Cell Extensions and Surface Structures 4.3 The Cell Envelope: The Boundary Layer of Bacteria Basic Typed of Cell Envelopes Structure of Cell Walls Mycoplasmas and Other Cell-Wall-Deficient Bacteria Cell Membrane Structure 4.4 Bacterial Internal Structure Contents of the Cell Cytoplasm Bacterial Endospores: An Extremely Resistant Life Form 4.5 Bacterial Shapes, Arrangements, and Sizes 4.6 Classification Systems of Prokaryotic Domains: Archaea and Bacteria Bacterial Taxonomy Based on Bergey’s Manual 4.7 Survey of Prokaryotic Groups with Unusual Characteristics Free-Living Nonpathogenic Bacteria Unusual Forms of Medically Significant Bacteria Archaea: The Other Prokaryotes 5 A Survey of Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms 5.1 The History of Eukaryotes 5.2 Form and Function of the Eukaryotic Cell: External Structures Locomotor Appendages: Cilia and Flagella The Glycocalyx Form and Function of the Eukaryotic Cell: Boundary Structures 5.3 Form and Function of the Eukaryotic Cell: Internal Structures The Nucleus: The Control Center Endoplasmic Reticulum: A Passageway in the Cell Golgi Apparatus: A Packaging Machine Mitochondria: Energy Generators of the Cell Chloroplasts: Photosynthesis Machines Ribosomes: Protein Synthesizers The Cytoskeleton: A Support Network 5.4 Eukaryotic-Prokaryotic Comparisons and Taxonomy of Eukaryotes Overview of Taxonomy 5.5 The Kingdom of the Fungi Fungal Nutrition Organization of Microscopic Fungi Reproductive Strategies and Spore Formation Fungal Classification Fungal Identification and Cultivation Fungi in Medicine, Nature, and Industry 5.6 Survey of Protists: Algae The Algae: Photosynthetic Protists 5.7 Survey of Protists: Protozoa Protozoan Form and Function Protozoan Identification and Cultivation Important Protozoan Pathogens 5.8 Parasitic Helminths General Worm Morphology Life Cycles and Reproduction A Helminth Cycle: The Pinworm Helminth Classification and Identification Distribution and Importance of Parasitic Worms 6 An Introduction to Viruses 6.1 Overview of Viruses Early Searches for the Tiniest Microbes The Position of Viruses in the Biological Spectrum 6.2 The General Structure of Viruses Size Range Viral Components: Capsids, Nucleic Acids, and Envelopes 6.3 How Viruses Are Classified and Named 6.4 Modes of Viral Multiplication Multiplication Cycles in Animal Viruses 6.5 The Multiplication Cycle in Bacteriophages Lysogeny: The Silent Virus Infection 6.6 Techniques in Cultivating and Identifying Animal Viruses Using Cell (Tissue) Culture Techniques Using Bird Embryos Using Live Animal Inoculation 6.7 Viral Infection, Detection, and Treatment 6.8 Prions and Other Nonviral Infectious Particles 7 Microbial Nutrition, Ecology, and Growth 7.1 Microbial Nutrition Chemical Analysis of Cell Contents Forms, Sources, and Functions of Essential Nutrients Classification of Nutritional Types 7.2 Transport: Movement of Substances across the Cell Membrane Diffusion and Molecular Motion The Diffusion of Water: Osmosis Adaptations to Osmotic Variations in the Environment The Movement of Solutes across Membranes Active Transport: Bringing in Molecules against a Gradient Endocytosis: Eating and Drinking by Cells 7.3 Environmental Factors That Influence Microbes Adaptations to Temperature Gas Requirements Effects of pH Osmotic Pressure Miscellaneous Environmental Factors 7.4 Ecological Associations among Microorganisms Interrelationships between Microbes and Humans 7.5 The Study of Microbial Growth The Basis of Population Growth: Binary Fission The Rate of Population Growth Determinants of Population Growth Other Methods of Analyzing Population Growth 8 An Introduction to Microbial Metabolism: The Chemical Crossroads of Life 8.1 The Metabolism of Microbes Enzymes: Catalyzing the Chemical Reactions of Life Regulation of Enzymatic Activity and Metabolic Pathways 8.2 The Pursuit and Utilization of Energy Cell Energetics 8.3 Pathways of Bioenergetics Catabolism: An Overview of Nutrient Breakdown and Energy Release Energy Strategies in Microorganisms Aerobic Respiration Pyruvic Acid—A Central Metabolite The Krebs Cycle—A Carbon and Energy Wheel The Respiratory Chain: Electron Transport and Oxidation Phosphorylation Summary of Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration The Importance of Fermentation 8.4 Biosynthesis and the Crossing Pathways of Metabolism The Frugality of the Cell—Waste Not, Want Not Assembly of the Cell 8.5 Photosynthesis: The Earth’s Lifeline Light-Dependent Reactions Light-Independent Reactions Other Mechanisms of Photosynthesis 9 Microbial Genetics 9.1 Introduction to Genetics and Genes: Unlocking the Secrets of Heredity The Nature of the Genetic Material The Structure of DNA: A Double Helix with Its Own Language DNA Replication: Preserving the Code and Passing It On 9.2 Applications of the DNA Code: Transcription and Translation The Gene-Protein Connection The Major Participants in Transcription and Translation Transcription: The First Stage of Gene Expression Translation: The Second Stage of Gene Expression Eukaryotic Transcription and Translation: Similar yet Different 9.3 Genetic Regulation of Protein Synthesis and Metabolism The Lactose Operon: A Model for Inducible Gene Regulation in Bacteria A Repressible Operon Non-Operon Control Mechanisms 9.4 Mutations: Changes in the Genetic Code Causes of Mutations Categories of Mutations Repair of Mutations The Ames Test Positive and Negative Effects of Mutations 9.5 DNA Recombination Events Transmission of Genetic Material in Bacteria 9.6 The Genetics of Animal Viruses Replication Strategies in Animal Viruses 10 Genetic Engineering: A Revolution in Molecular Biology 10.1 Basic Elements and Applications of Genetic Engineering Tools and Techniques of DNA Technology 10.2 Recombinant DNA Technology: How to Imitate Nature Technical Aspects of Recombinant DNA and Gene Cloning Construction of a Recombinant, Insertion into a Cloning Host, and Genetic Expression Protein Products of Recombinant DNA Technology 10.3 Genetically Modified Organisms Recombinant Microbes: Modified Bacteria and Viruses Recombination in Multicellular Organisms 10.4 Genetic Treatments: Introducing DNA into the Body Gene Therapy DNA Technology as Genetic Medicine 10.5 Genome Analysis: Fingerprints and Genetic Testing DNA Fingerprinting: A Unique Picture of a Genome 11 Physical and Chemical Agents for Microbial Control 11.1 Controlling Microorganisms General Considerations in Microbial Control Relative Resistance of Microbial Forms Terminology and Methods of Microbial Control What Is Microbial Death? How Antimicrobial Agents Work: Their Modes of Action 11.2 Physical Methods of Control: Heat Effects of Temperature on Microbial Activities The Effects of Cold and Desiccation 11.3 Physical Methods of Control: Radiation Radiation as a Microbial Control Agent Modes of Action of Ionizing versus Nonionizing Radiation Ionizing Radiation: Gamma Rays, X Rays, and Cathode Rays Nonionizing Radiation: Ultraviolet Rays 11.4 Using Filtration to Remove Microbes Applications of Filtration Sterilization 11.5 Chemical Agents in Microbial Control Choosing a Microbicidal Chemical Factors That Affect the Germicidal Activity of Chemicals Categories of Chemical Agents 12 Drugs, Microbes, Host—The Elements of Chemotherapy 12.1 Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy The Origins of Antimicrobial Drugs Interactions between Drugs and Microbes 12.2 Survey of Major Antimicrobial Drug Groups Antibacterial Drugs That Act on the Cell Wall Antibiotics That Damage Bacterial Cell Membranes Drugs That Act on DNA or RNA Drugs That Interfere with Protein Synthesis Drugs That Block Metabolic Pathways 12.3 Drugs to Treat Fungal, Parasitic, and Viral Infections Antifungal Drugs Antiparasitic Chemotherapy 12.4 Interactions between Microbes and Drugs: The Acquisition of Drug Resistance How Does Drug Resistance Develop? Specific Mechanisms of Drug Resistance Natural Selection and Drug Resistance 12.5 Interactions between Drugs and Hosts Toxicity to Organs Allergic Responses to Drugs Suppression and Alteration of the Microflora by Antimicrobials 12.6 Considerations in Selecting an Antimicrobial Drug Identifying the Agent Testing for the Drug Susceptibility of Microorganisms The MIC and the Therapeutic Index Patient Factors in Choosing an Antimicrobial Drug 13 Microbe-Human Interactions: Infection, Disease, and Epidemiology 13.1 We Are Not Alone Contact, Colonization, Infection, Disease Resident Microbiota: The Human as a Habitat Indigenous Microbiota of Specific Regions Colonizers of the Human Skin Microbial Residents of the Gastrointestinal Tract Inhabitants of the Respiratory Tract Microbiota of the Genitourinary Tract 13.2 Major Factors in the Development of an Infection Becoming Established: Phase One—Portals of Entry The Requirement for an Infectious Dose Attaching to the Host: Phase Two Invading the Host and Becoming Established: Phase Three 13.3 The Outcomes of Infection and Disease The Stages of Clinical Infections Patterns of Infection Signs and Symptoms: Warning Signals of Disease The Portal of Exit: Vacating the Host The Persistence of Microbes and Pathologic Conditions 13.4 Origins and Transmission Patterns of Infectious Microbes Reservoirs: Where Pathogens Persist The Acquisition and Transmission of Infectious Agents Nosocomial Infections: The Hospital as a Source of Disease Universal Blood and Body Fluid Precautions 13.5 Epidemiology: The Study of Disease in Populations Who, When, and Where? Tracking Disease in the Population 14 An Introduction to Host Defenses and Innate Immunities 14.1 Overview of Host Defense Mechanisms Barriers at the Portal of Entry: An Inborn First Line of Defense 14.2 Structure and Function of the Organs of Defense and Immunity How Do White Blood Cells Carry Out Recognition and Surveillance? Compartments and Connections of the Immune System 14.3 Second Line Defenses: Inflammation The Inflammatory Response: A Complex Concert of Reactions to Injury The Stages of Inflammation 14.4 Second Line Defenses: Phagocytosis, Interferon, and Complement Phagocytosis: Partner to Inflammation and Immunity Interferon: Antiviral Cytokines and Immune Stimulants Complement: A Versatile Backup System Overall Stages in the Complement Cascade An Outline of Major Host Defenses 15 Adaptive, Specific Immunity and Immunization 15.1 Specific Immunity: The Adaptive Line of Defense An Overview of Specific Immune Responses Development of the Immune Response System 15.2 Lymphocyte Maturation and the Nature of Antigens Specific Events in B-Cell Maturation Specific Events in T-Cell Maturation Characteristics of Antigens and Immunogens 15.3 Cooperation in Immune Reactions to Antigens The Role of Antigen Processing and Presentation B-Cell Responses Monoclonal Antibodies: Useful Products from Cancer Cells 15.4 T-Cell Responses Cell-Mediated Immunity (CMI) 15.5 A Classification Scheme for Specific, Acquired Immunities Defining Categories by Mode of Acquisition 1. Natural Activity Immunity: Getting an Infection 2. Natural Passive Immunity: Mother to Child Artificial Immunity: Immunization 15.6 Immunization: Methods of Manipulating Immunity for Therapeutic Purposes Artificial Passive Immunization Artificial Active Immunity: Vaccination Development of New Vaccines Routes of Administration and Side Effects of Vaccines To Vaccinate: Why, Whom, and When? 16 Disorders in Immunity 16.1 The Immune Response: A Two-Sided Coin Overreactions to Antigens: Allergy/Hypersensitivity 16.2 Type I Allergic Reactions: Atopy and Anaphylaxis Modes of Contact with Allergens The Nature of Allergens and Their Portals of Entry Mechanisms of Type I Allergy: Sensitization and Provocation Cytokines, Target Organs, and Allergic Symptoms Specific Diseases Associated with IgE- and Mast-Cell-Mediated Allergy Anaphylaxis: An Overpowering Systemic Reaction to Allergens Diagnosis of Allergy Treatment and Prevention of Allergy 16.3 Type II Hypersensitivities: Reactions That Lyse Foreign Cells The Basis of Human ABO Antigens and Blood Types Antibodies against A and B Antigens The Rh Factor and Its Clinical Importance Other RBC Antigens 16.4 Type III Hypersensitivities: Immune Complex Reactions Mechanisms of Immune Complex Diseases Types of Immune Complex Disease 16.5 Immunopathologies Involving T Cells Type IV Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity T Cells and Their Role in Organ Transplantation Practical Examples in Transplantation 16.6 Autoimmune Diseases—An Attack on Self Genetic and Gender Correlation in Autoimmune Disease The Origins of Autoimmune Disease Examples of Autoimmune Disease 16.7 Immunodeficiency Diseases: Compromised Immune Responses Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Secondary Immunodeficiency Diseases 16.8 The Function of the Immune System in Cancer 17 Procedures for Identifying Pathogens and Diagnosing Infections 17.1 An Overview of Clinical Microbiology Phenotypic Methods Genotypic Methods Immunologic Methods On the Track of the Infectious Agent: Specimen Collection 17.2 Phenotypic Methods Immediate Direct Examination of Specimen Cultivation of Specimen 17.3 Genotypic Methods DNA Analysis Using Genetic Probes Roles of the Polymerase Chain Reaction and Ribosomal RNA in Identification 17.4 Immunologic Methods General Features of Immune Testing Agglutination and Precipitation Reactions The Western Blot for Detecting Proteins Complement Fixation Miscellaneous Serological Tests Fluorescent Antibody and Immunofluorescent Testing 17.5 Immunoassays: Tests of Great Sensitivity Radioimmunoassay (RIA) Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Tests That Differentiate T Cells and B Cells In Vivo Testing 17.6 Viruses as a Special Diagnostic Case 18 The Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Cocci of Medical Importance 18.1 General Characteristics of the Staphylococci Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus The Scope of Staphylococcal Disease Host Defenses against S. aureus Other Important Staphylococci Identification of Staphylococcus Isolates in Clinical Samples Clinical Concerns in Staphylococcal Infections 18.2 General Characteristics of the Streptococci and Related Genera Beta-Hemolytic Streptococci: Streptococcus pyogenes Group B: Streptococcus agalactiae Group D Enterococci and Groups C and G Streptococci Laboratory Identification Techniques Treatment and Prevention of Group A, B, and D Streptococcal Infections Alpha-Hemolytic Streptococci: The Viridans Group Streptococcus pneumoniae: The Pneumococcus 18.3 The Family Neisseriaceae: Gram-Negative Cocci Neisseria gonorrhoeae: The Gonococcus Neisseria meningitidis: The Meningococcus Differentiating Pathogenic from Nonpathogenic Neisseria Other Genera of Gram-Negative Cocci and Coccobacilli 19 The Gram-Positive Bacilli of Medical Importance 19.1 Medically Important Gram-Positive Bacilli 19.2 Gram-Positive Spore-Forming Bacilli General Characteristics of the Genus Bacillus The Genus Clostridium 19.3 Gram-Positive Regular Non-Spore-Forming Bacilli An Emerging Food-Borne Pathogen: Listeria monocytogenes Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae: A Zoonotic Pathogen 19.4 Gram-Positive Irregular Non-Spore-Forming Bacilli Corynebacterium diphtheriae The Genus Propionibacterium 19.5 Mycobacteria: Acid-Fast Bacilli Mycobacterium tuberculosis: The Tubercle Bacillus Mycobacterium leprae: The Leprosy Bacillus Infections by Nontuberculosis Mycobacteria (NTM) 19.6 Actinomycetes: Filamentous Bacilli Actinomycosis Nocardiosis 20 The Gram-Negative Bacilli of Medical Importance 20.1 Aerobic Gram-Negative Nonenteric Bacilli Pseudomonas: The Pseudomonads 20.2 Related Gram-Negative Aerobic Rods Brucella and Brucellosis Francisella tularensis and Tularemia Bordetella pertussis and Relatives Legionella and Legionellosis 20.3 Identification and Differential Characteristics of Family Enterobacteriaceae Antigenic Structures and Virulence Factors 20.4 Coliform Organisms and Diseases Escherichia coli: The Most Prevalent Enteric Bacillus Miscellaneous Infections Other Coliforms 20.5 Noncoliform Enterics Opportunists: Proteus and Its Relatives True Enteric Pathogens: Salmonella and Shigella Nonenteric Yersinia pestis and Plague Oxidase-Positive Nonenteric Pathogens in Family Pasteurellaceae Haemophilus: The Blood-Loving Bacilli 21 Miscellaneous Bacterial Agents of Disease 21.1 The Spirochetes Treponemes: Members of the Genus Treponema Leptospira and Leptospirosis Borrelia: Arthropod-Borne Spirochetes 21.2 Curviform Gram-Negative Bacteria and Enteric Diseases The Biology of Vibrio cholerae Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus: Pathogens Carried by Seafood Diseases of the Campylobacter Vibrios Helicobacter pylori: Gastric Pathogen 21.3 Medically Important Bacteria of Unique Morphology and Biology Order Rickettsiales Specific Rickettsioses Emerging Rickettsioses Coxiella and Bartonella: Other Vector-Borne Pathogens Other Obligate Parasitic Bacteria: The Chlamydiaceae 21.4 Mollicutes and Other Cell-Wall-Deficient Bacteria Biological Characteristics of the Mycoplasmas Bacteria That Have Lost Their Cell Walls 21.5 Bacteria in Dental Disease The Structure of Teeth and Associated Tissues Hard-Tissue Disease: Dental Caries Plaque and Dental Caries Formation Soft-Tissue and Periodontal Disease Factors in Dental Disease 22 The Fungi of Medical Importance 22.1 Fungi as Infectious Agents Primary or True Fungal Pathogens Emerging Fungal Pathogens Epidemiology of the Mycoses Pathogenesis of the Fungi Diagnosis of Mycotic Infections Control of Mycotic Infections 22.2 Organization of Fungal Diseases Systemic Infections by True Pathogens 22.3 Subcutaneous Mycoses The Natural History of Sporotrichosis: Rose-Gardener’s Disease Chromoblastomycosis and Phaeohyphomycosis: Diseases of Pigmented Fungi Mycetoma: A Complex Disfiguring Syndrome 22.4 Cutaneous Mycoses Characteristics of Dermatophytes 22.5 Superficial Mycoses 22.6 Opportunistic Mycoses Infections by Candida: Candidiasis Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcosis Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci and Pneumocystis Pneumonia Aspergillosis: Diseases of the Genus Aspergillus Zygomycosis Miscellaneous Opportunists 22.7 Fungal Allergies and Intoxications 23 The Parasites of Medical Importance 23.1 The Parasites of Humans 23.2 Major Protozoan Pathogens Infective Amoebas The Intestinal Ciliate: Balantidium coli 23.3 The Flagellates (Mastigophorans) Trichomonads: Trichomonas Species Giardia intestinalis and Giardiasis Hemoflagellates: Vector-Borne Blood Parasites 23.4 Apicomplexan Parasites Plasmodium: The Agent of Malaria Coccidian Parasites 23.5 A Survey of Helminth Parasites General Life and Transmission Cycles General Epidemiology of Helminth Diseases Pathology of Helminth Infestation Elements of Diagnosis and Control 23.6 Nematode (Roundworm) Infestations Intestinal Nematodes (Cycle A) Intestinal Helminths (Cycle B) Tissue Nematodes 23.7 Flatworms: The Trematodes and Cestodes Blood Flukes: Schistosomes (Cycle D) Liver and Lung Flukes (Cycle D) Cestode (Tapeworm) Infections (Cycle C) 23.8 The Arthropod Vectors of Infectious Disease 24 Introduction to Viruses That Infect Humans: The DNA Viruses 24.1 Viruses in Human Infections and Diseases Important Medical Considerations in Viral Diseases Overview of DNA Viruses 24.2 Enveloped DNA Viruses: Poxviruses Classification and Structure of Poxviruses Other Poxvirus Diseases 24.3 Enveloped DNA Viruses: The Herpesviruses General Properties of Herpes Simplex Viruses Epidemiology of Herpes Simplex The Spectrum of Herpes Infection and Disease Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control of Herpes Simplex The Biology of Varicella-Zoster Virus The Cytomegalovirus Group Epstein-Barr Virus Diseases of Herpesviruses 6, 7, and 8 24.4 The Viral Agents of Hepatitis Hepatitis B Virus and Disease 24.5 Nonenveloped DNA Viruses The Adenoviruses Papilloma and Polyoma Viruses Nonenveloped Single-Stranded DNA Viruses: The Parvoviruses 25 The RNA Viruses That Infect Humans 25.1 Enveloped Segmented Single-Stranded RNA Viruses The Biology of Orthomyxoviruses: Influenza Other Viruses with a Segmented Genome: Bunyaviruses and Arenaviruses 25.2 Enveloped Nonsegmented Single-Stranded RNA Viruses Paramyxoviruses Rhabdoviruses 25.3 Other Enveloped RNA Viruses: Coronaviruses, Togaviruses, and Flaviviruses Coronaviruses Rubivirus: The Agent of Rubella Hepatitis C Virus 25.4 Arboviruses: Viruses Spread by Arthropod Vectors Epidemiology of Arbovirus Disease General Characteristics of Arbovirus Infections Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control of Arbovirus Infection 25.5 Retroviruses and Human Diseases HIV Infection and AIDS Causative Agent Epidemiology of HIV Infection Stages, Signs, and Symptoms of HIV Infection and AIDS Diagnosis of HIV Infection Preventing HIV Infection Treating HIV Infection and AIDS Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Viruses 25.6 Nonenveloped Single-Stranded and Double-Stranded RNA Viruses Picornaviruses and Caliciviruses Reoviruses: Segmented Double-Stranded RNA Viruses 25.7 Prions and Spongiform Encephalopathies Pathogenesis and Effects of CJD Transmission and Epidemiology Culture and Diagnosis Prevention and/or Treatment 26 Environmental Microbiology 26.1 Ecology: The Interconnecting Web of Life The Organization of Ecosystems 26.2 Energy and Nutritional Flow in Ecosystems Ecological Interactions between Organisms in a Community 26.3 The Natural Recycling of Bioelements Atmospheric Cycles Sedimentary Cycles 26.4 Terrestrial Microbiology: The Composition of the Lithosphere Living Activities in Soil 26.5 The Microbiology of the Hydrosphere The Hydrologic Cycle The Structure of Aquatic Ecosystems 27 Applied and Industrial Microbiology 27.1 Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Microorganisms in Water and Wastewater Treatment 27.2 The Microbiology of Food 27.3 Microbial Fermentations in Food Products from Plants Bread Making Production of Beer and Other Alcoholic Beverages Microbes in Milk and Dairy Products Microorganisms as Food 27.4 Microbial Involvement in Food-Borne Diseases Prevention Measures for Food Poisoning and Spoilage 27.5 General Concepts in Industrial Microbiology From Microbial Factories to Industrial Factories Substance Production APPENDICES APPENDIX A APPENDIX B APPENDIX C APPENDIX D APPENDIX E F Answers to Multiple-Choice, Matching, and Case File Questions Glossary Credits INDEX Inside Back Cover (Reference Pages)