Forensic science : the basics

FORENSIC SCIENCE AND INVESTIGATION
 
 Introduction to Forensic Science
 Learning Objectives
 Mini Glossary
 Acronyms
 Introduction
 What Is Forensic Science?
 History and Development of Forensic Science
 What Is a Forensic Scientist?
 The United States Forensic Science System
 Other Forensic Science Systems
 The Organization of Forensic Science Laboratories
 Examination of the Forensic Sciences by Outside Organizations
 Summary
 Test Yourself
 Further Readings
 On the Web
 
 Crime Scene Investigation
 Learning Objectives
 Mini Glossary
 Acronyms
 Introduction
 Crime Scene as Recent History
 Crime Scene Investigation Process
 Summary
 Test Yourself
 Further Readings
 On the Web
 
 Nature of Evidence
 Learning Objectives
 Mini Glossary
 Acronyms
 Introduction
 Classification of Evidence
 Positive and Negative Controls
 Summary
 Test Yourself
 Further Readings
 On the. Web
 
 TOOLS OF THE TRADE 
 
 Separating Complex Mixtures
 Learning Objectives
 Mini Glossary
 Acronyms
 Introduction
 Physical Separation of Mixtures
 Solid-Phase Extractions
 Chromatography
 Summary
 Test Yourself
 Further Readings
 On the Web
 
 Light and Matter
 Learning Objectives
 Mini Glossary
 Acronyms
 Introduction
 What Is Light?
 Light as a Wave: The Electromagnetic Spectrum
 Properties of Waves
 Energy of Light: The Photon
 Interactions of Light Energy and Matter
 Spectrophotometer
 Ultraviolet/Visible Spectrophotometry
 Infrared Spectrophotometry
 Mass Spectrometry
 Summary
 Test Yourself
 Further Readings
 Helpful Websites
 
 Microscopy
 Learning Objectives
 Mini Glossary
 Acronyms
 Introduction
 Lens: How Objects Are Magnified
 Compound Microscope
 Modifications of the Compound Microscope
 Electron Microscopy
 Summary
 Test Yourself
 Laboratory. Activities
 Further Readings
 On the Web
 
 Detector Dogs as Forensic Tools
 Learning Objectives
 Mini Glossary
 Acronyms
 Introduction
 Scenarios
 Forensic Tool: Canine Olfaction
 Summary
 Test Yourself
 References
 On the Web
 
 Digital Evidence, Computer Forensics, And Investigation
 Learning Objectives
 Mini Glossary
 Acronyms
 Introduction
 Challenges
 Physical versus Virtual Crimes
 Computer Crime
 Criminal Law
 Computer Crime Investigation
 Wireless and Handheld Devices
 Digital Cell Phone and Handheld Investigation
 Computer Forensics
 Legal Proceedings
 Summary
 Test Yourself
 Further Readings
 On the Web
 
 Forensic Engineering
 Learning Objectives
 Mini Glossary
 Acronyms
 Introduction
 Engineering Profession
 Forensic Engineer
 Forensic Engineering Case Studies
 Accident Reconstruction
 Summary
 Test Yourself
 Further Readings
 On the Web
 
 PATTERNS AND IMPRESSIONS
 
 Fingerprints and Other Impressions
 Learning Objectives
 Mini Glossary
 Acronyms
 Introduction: A Note on Pattern Evidence
 Quest for a Reliable Method of Personal Identification
 Origin of Fingerprints
 Anatomy of Fingerprints
 Detection and Visualization of. Fingerprints
 Comparison of Fingerprints
 Comparison of Single Fingerprints
 Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS and IAFIS)
 Common Questions about Fingerprints
 Other Impressions: Footwear and Tire Treads
 Summary
 Test Yourself
 Further Readings
 On the Web
 
 Questioned Documents
 Learning Objectives
 Mini Glossary
 Acronyms
 Introduction
 What Is a Questioned Document?
 Questioned Document Examiner
 Handwriting Analysis
 Erasures, Obliterations, and Alterations
 Typewriters, Photocopiers, And Computer Printers
 Paper Examination
 Ink Examinations
 Physical Matches on Torn Paper
 Summary
 Test Yourself
 Further Readings
 On the Web
 
 Firearms and Toolmarks
 Learning Objectives
 Mini Glossary
 Acronyms
 Introduction
 Firearms Identification
 Anatomy of a Live Round (Cartridge)
 Examination of Firearms Evidence
 Digital Imaging Systems for Ammunition
 Distance-of-Fire Determinations
 Toolmarks
 Summary
 Test Yourself
 Further Readings
 On the Web
 
 FORENSIC BIOLOGY
 
 Forensic Pathology
 Learning Objectives
 Mini Glossary
 Acronyms
 Introduction
 How to Become a Forensic Pathologist
 Investigation of Death: Coroners and Medical Examiners
 Death Investigation Process
 Postmortem Interval (PMI): Time of Death
 Exhumations
 Teamwork Approach
 Summary
 Test Yourself
 Further Readings
 On the Web
 
 Anthropology and Odontology
 Learning Objectives
 Mini. Glossary
 Acronyms
 Introduction
 Human Skeleton
 Identification of Skeletal Remains
 Individualization of Human Bone
 Collection of Bones
 Forensic Odontology
 Summary
 Try It Yourself Activities
 Test Yourself
 Further Readings
 Helpful Websites
 
 Forensic Entomology
 Learning Objectives
 Mini Glossary
 Acronyms
 Introduction
 Becoming a Forensic Entomologist
 PMI: The Life Cycle of the Blow Fly
 Decomposition of a Body after Death
 Factors that Affect PMI
 Entomological Investigation and Evidence Collection
 Summary
 Test Yourself
 Further Readings
 On the Web
 
 Serology
 Learning Objectives
 Mini Glossary
 Acronyms
 Introduction
 Blood
 Analysis of Blood
 Other Biological Fluids and Stains
 Bloodstain Pattern Analysis
 Summary
 Appendix A: Trigonometry Calculation for Locating a Bloodstain
 Try It Yourself
 Test Yourself
 Further Readings
 Useful Websites
 
 DNA. Typing
 Learning Objectives
 Mini Glossary
 Acronyms
 Introduction
 What Is DNA?
 Collection and Preservation of DNA Evidence
 History of DNA Typing
 Current Method of DNA Typing: STRs
 Mitochondrial DNA
 CODIS
 Summary
 Test Yourself
 Further Readings
 On the Web
 
 Hair
 Learning Objectives
 Mini Glossary
 Acronyms
 Introduction
 What Is Hair?
 Hair Growth
 Hair Color
 Structure of Human Hair
 Human versus Nonhuman Hairs
 Hair Treatment and Damage
 Comparison of Human Hairs
 What Can Be Determined from the Structure of Hair?
 DNA Analysis of Hair
 Hair as a Source of Drugs
 Summary
 Test Yourself
 Further Readings
 On the Web
 
 FORENSIC CHEMISTRY
 
 Illicit Drugs
 Learning Objectives
 Mini Glossary
 Acronyms
 Introduction
 Illicit Drugs
 Control of Illicit Drugs in the United States
 Analysis of Illicit Drugs
 Summary
 Test Yourself
 Further Readings
 On the. Web
 
 Forensic Toxicology
 Learning Objectives
 Mini Glossary
 Acronyms
 Introduction
 Forensic Toxicology
 Becoming a Forensic Toxicologist
 Principles of Pharmacology
 Pharmacology and Toxicology of Ethyl Alcohol
 Absorption of Ethanol
 Drunk Driving Laws
 Field Sobriety Testing
 Measurement of BAC
 Summary
 Test Yourself
 Further Readings
 On the Web
 
 Fibers, Paints, and Other Polymers
 Learning Objectives
 Mini Glossary
 Acronyms
 Introduction
 What Is a Polymer?
 Textile Fibers
 Types of Fibers
 Fiber Morphology
 Analysis of Synthetic Fibers
 Chemical Analysis of Fibers
 Interpretation of Fiber Evidence
 Paints and Other Coatings
 Types of Paint
 How Cars Are Painted
 Collection of Paint Evidence
 Analysis of Paint
 Evidentiary Value of Paint
 Su.