Forensic Psychology, Crime and Policing: Key Concepts and Practical Debates

Front Cover
Half-title
Forensic Psychology, Crime and Policing: Key Concepts and Practical Debates
Copyright information
Table of Contents
List of abbreviations
Glossary
Notes on contributors
Acknowledgements
Preface
Part I Forensic psychology
	1 Forensic psychology
		Widening the remit
		The role of the psychologist in court
		Multiple influences
		Risk assessment
		Studying and working in forensic psychology
		References
	2 Forensic psychology and criminal justice
		Crime investigation and profiling
		Police work
		Hostage negotiation
		Courtroom testimony and expert witnesses
		Risk assessment
		Working with offending behaviour
		Summary
		References
	3 Forensic psychology and policing
		Introduction
		What is forensic psychology?
		Psychology and policing
		Interviewing witnesses and suspects
		Lying and deception
		Investigative decision making
		Preventing crime
		References
	4 Forensic psychology and court processes
		Introduction
		Criminal court work
		Assessment of people for court
		Court skills
		Family court work
		Conclusions
		References
	5 Forensic psychology and prisons
		Risk reduction
		Parole risk assessment
		Conclusions
		References
	6 Forensic psychology and victims of crime
		Forensic psychology
		The origins and study of victimology
		Psychological theories of victim blaming
		The trauma of criminal victimisation
		The far-reaching consequences of criminal victimisation
		Conclusion
		References
	7 Forensic psychology and perpetrators of crime:
		Introduction
		Narcissism and aggression
		Narcissism and sexual aggression
		Narcissism in women
		Conclusion
		References
	8 Forensic psychology and rehabilitation
		Four forms of rehabilitation
		References
	9 Forensic psychology and desistance
		Key desistance theories
		References
	10 Forensic psychology and mental disorder
		FMHS
		Legal detention in hospital
		Patients in secure hospitals
		Mental disorder and offending
		Functional link
		Conclusion
		Note
		References
	11 Forensic psychology and psychopathy
		Historical overview
		Debates, theories and research: psychopathy and emotional processing
		Diagnosis and treatment
		Conclusion
		References
	12 Forensic psychology and non-fatal violence
		Introduction
		Types of domestic violence
		Why does domestic violence happen?
		Conclusion
		References
	13 Forensic psychology and homicide
		Introduction
		Prevalence of homicide
		Understanding homicide
		Interpersonal dynamics of homicide
		Conclusion
		References
	14 Forensic psychology and sexual offences
		History
		Theories
		Reporting and sentencing of sex offenders
		Interventions/treatment
		Conclusion
		References
	15 Forensic psychology and future directions
		Routes to qualification
		New types of crime
		Internet offending
		Global and organised crime
		Green crime
		References
Part II Crime and criminal justice
	16 Crime and criminal justice:
		Introduction: the social construction of crime
		Changes in policing
		Changes in the court system
		Changes in punishment
		Technological changes: impact on crime and criminal justice
		Gender, crime and criminal justice
		A civilising society
		Conclusion
		References
	17 Crime
		Introduction
		Classicist and positivist approaches to defining crime
		Constructionist approaches to defining crime
		Radical approaches to defining crime
		Hybrid approaches to defining crime: moving beyond crime altogether?
		Conclusions
		References
	18 Criminal justice systems
		Introduction
		Enforcing the changing law: the investigative stage
		The CPS stage
		The uses of science during criminal justice investigations
		The pre-sentence court stage
		Sentencing and punishment
		Appeals and miscarriages of justice
		References
	19 Criminal justice, actus reus and mens rea
		Introduction
		The meanings of actus reus in criminal law
		The historical development of actus reus
		Actus reus and criminal justice practice in England and Wales
		The meanings of mens rea in criminal law
		Mens rea, negligence and strict liability
		The historical development of mens rea
		Mens rea and criminal justice practice in England and Wales
		Conclusions
		References
	20 Crime and youth justice
		Introduction
		The sway of public opinion
		The impact of incarceration
		Recent developments
		Forensic psychology in youth justice
		Conclusions
		References
	21 Crimes of the powerful
		Introduction: crimes of the powerful and the state’s response to COVID-19
		Conceptualising ‘crimes of the powerful’
		Corporate crime
		State crime
		State-corporate crime
		Crimes of globalisation
		Conclusion
		References
	22 Criminal justice, marketisation and privatisation
		Introduction
		Neoliberalism, the CJS and crime
		Policing, privatisation and pluralisation
		Conclusion
		References
	23 Criminal justice and punishment
		Introduction
		The purpose, type and degree of punishment
		Prisons and imprisonment as a method of punishment
		The changing face of punishment
		Contemporary prisons and imprisonment
		Conclusion
		References
	24 Criminal justice and serious, violent and sexual offending
		Introduction
		Consequences of violence
		Defining aggression and violence
		Using a feminist lens to define violence
		Conclusions
		References
	25 Criminal justice, risk and vulnerability
		Introduction
		Defining and responding to vulnerability
		The national decision model
		Risk-based demand management
		The impact on the CJS
		Conclusion
		References
	26 Criminal justice, risk assessment and dangerousness
		Introduction
		What is risk?
		Risk assessment and related terminology
		Approaches to risk assessment
		Clinical judgement
		Actuarial assessment
		Structured professional judgement
		Conclusions
		References
	27 Criminal injustice
		Introduction
		What is a miscarriage of justice?
		Police injustices
		Court injustices
		Prison injustices
		Conclusion
		References
	28 Criminal justice:
		Introduction: criminal justice at a crossroads?
		Which strategies is the state using to respond to the criminal justice crisis?
		A utopian blueprint for criminal justice reform
		Conclusions: what are the chances of making utopia a criminal justice reality?
		References
Part III Police and policing
	29 Policing:
		Early policing: from medieval to metropolitan
		The challenges and changes of modern policing
		References
	30 Police and policing models
		Introduction
		Models of policing
		Conclusion
		References
	31 Police and crime commissioners
		The Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011
		The PCC elections
		Election results
		The role and responsibilities of the PCC
		Accountability
		Public engagement
		Conclusion
		References
	32 Police codes of conduct
		Managing police integrity
		Policing by consent: the UK Code of Ethics
		International codes of ethics
		Use of force
		References
	33 Police professionalisation
		Police education before 2005
		Partnerships with HE
		Professionalisation by education
		Policing and HE
		Policing: profession or craft?
		References
	34 Policing and decision making
		Intuition vs analysis
		Real-world decision making
		Expert decision makers?
		Making better decisions
		Conclusion
		References
	35 Police accountability and legitimacy
		Introduction
		Uniformed public police and democratic policing
		Accountability and the public police
		Legitimacy
		Policing mental health and conclusions
		References
	36 Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984
		Introduction
		Policing prior to PACE
		Factors leading to the introduction of PACE
		The implementation of PACE
		The impact of PACE
		Stop and search
		Detention
		Conclusion
		References
	37 Police and multi-agency safeguarding arrangements
		Introduction
		Safeguarding partnerships
		Police and multi-agency safeguarding arrangements
		Multi-agency safeguarding hubs
		Multi-Agency Risk Assessment Conferences
		Multi-agency public protection arrangements
		Conclusion
		References
	38 Police and victims of crime
		The changing role of victims in criminal justice
		The rise and impact of the victims’ agenda
		Conclusion
		References
	39 Police custody
		Introduction
		Police custody and PACE
		Police custody: policy and practice
		Police custody and the AA safeguard
		Policy custody and the Independent Custody Visiting Scheme
		Conclusions
		References
	40 Policing serious, violent and sexual offending
		Introduction
		Sexual assault and rape
		Domestic abuse and intimate partner violence
		Homicide
		The impact of COVID-19 on serious violence and sexual offending
		Responding to serious violence and sexual offending
		The role of specialists
		The regional and national response
		Challenges in responding to serious violence and sexual offending
		Conclusion
		References
	41 Policing and mental health
		Introduction
		The changing role of the police in responding to mental health needs
		The police and the Mental Health Act 1983
		Recent developments in police responses to mental health issues
		Conclusions
		References
	42 Policing and non-verbal communication
		The basics of NVC
		NVC and criminal justice
		NVC theories
		NVC and deception
		References
	43 Policing controversies:
		Introduction
		Background to contemporary undercover policing
		Areas of controversy
		Formation and manipulation of relationships
		Contested infiltration
		Human rights implications and concerns
		Future considerations
		References
	44 Police abolitionism
		Introduction
		Abolition
		Police abolition
		Police violence in the US
		Police violence in the UK
		Alternative solutions
		Conclusions
		References
	45 Policing and occupational cultures
		Police culture
		Recruitment and police culture
		Positive dynamics of police culture
		Police culture and mental health
		Summary
		References
	46 Policing: future directions
		Introduction
		Partnership responses to COVID-19: health and policing
		Importance of leadership in partnership working
		Information and data sharing
		Varying public responses to emergency services
		Conclusion
		References
Part IV Investigation
	47 Crime scene investigation
		Introduction
		The ‘CSI effect’
		Planned versus ad hoc crimes
		Confirmation bias
		A miscarriage of justice?
		Equivocal deaths
		Staged crime scenes
		Offender behaviour: modus operandi or signature?
		Is a new breed of investigator needed?
		Summary
		References
	48 Investigative interviewing
		From interrogation to investigative interviewing
		Research on investigative interviewing
		Evidence-based interviewing
		Suspect interviews
		Interviewing children
		Conclusions
		References
	49 Detecting deception
		Introduction and key ideas
		Key findings and approaches
		Non-verbal behaviour
		Physiological responses
		Neural activity
		Analysing verbal accounts
		Eliciting cues to deception
		Conclusion
		References
	50 Criminal false confessions
		Introduction
		Causes and types of false confessions
		Voluntary false confessions
		Coerced-internalised false confessions
		Coerced-compliant false confessions
		Interrogative interview techniques
		Recommendations for future practice
		Conclusions
		References
	51 False allegations and wrongful convictions
		The innocence movement
		Eyewitness misidentification
		False confessions
		Systemic responses
		References
	52 Witness testimony
		Introduction
		Encoding factors
		Storage factors
		Conclusion
		References
	53 False memories
		Introduction
		False memory
		Creation of false memories
		Assessing memories
		Potential consequences of false memory
		False memory and childhood sexual abuse
		Summary
		References
	54 Expert evidence
		Introduction: what is expert evidence?
		Who is an expert?
		Expert evidence in the courtroom
		Three phases of oral expert evidence
		Conclusions
		References
Part V Conclusion
	55 Contemporary and future concepts and debates in forensic psychology, crime and policing
		Introduction
		The CJS during and prior to the pandemic
		The impact of the pandemic on prisons, prisoners and prison staff in England and Wales
		The impact of the pandemic on the courts in England and Wales
		The impact of the pandemic on crime and policing
		The impact of the pandemic on the most vulnerable members of society
		The pandemic and forensic psychology
		Conclusions
		References
Index