Food regulation and trade : toward a safe and open global food system

Content: 1 Food Regulation in an Open Economy 1 --
Globalization of the Food Supply 3 --
2 Trade-Related Regulations in the Global Food System 13 --
Economic Rationales for Food Regulation 14 --
Classification of Regulations 16 --
Risk Analysis and Appropriate Degrees of Caution 25 --
Trade Effects of Food Regulations 26 --
Science and Economics in Risk-Reducing Regulations 28 --
Capture of Regulations by Producers or Consumers 31 --
Welfare-Enhancing Regulation of Food Trade 32 --
3 Global Food Regulatory Framework 35 --
Multilateral Governance of Food Regulation 35 --
The SPS Agreement 40 --
The TBT Agreement 51 --
The TRIPS Agreement 56 --
Enforcement of the Multilateral Disciplines 59 --
The Doha Development Agenda Negotiations 75 --
4 Control of Animal and Plant Pests and Diseases 77 --
Animal and Plant Pests and Diseases and Their Control 78 --
Trade Issues Related to Agricultural Pests and Diseases 80 --
Animal and Plant Regulations in Practice 82 --
Managing Agricultural Trade in the Presence of Risks 98 --
5 Food Safety and Control of Human Health Hazards 101 --
Food Safety Regulation 102 --
Trade Issues and Food Safety 104 --
Controlling Natural Food-Borne Pathogens 106 --
The Health Effects of Yield-Enhancing Inputs 114 --
Managing Trade-Related Food Safety Issues 125 --
6 Regulating Quality Through Labeling and Standards 127 --
Private and Public Provision of Information 128 --
Food Quality Regulations in Practice 131 --
Impacts of Labeling and Standards on Trade 146 --
7 Emerging Food Regulation Issues 151 --
Scope for Trade Conflicts 152 --
Labeling Process Attributes 155 --
International Regulation of Process Attributes 156 --
Recent Regulatory Developments: Genetically Modified Foods, Organics, and Animal Welfare 160 --
The Challenges Ahead 181 --
8 Toward a Safe and Open Global Food Supply 185 --
Assessment of the State of Food Regulation 187 --
Role of the WTO in the Food Regulatory Framework 193 --
Recommendations for Improving Regulation 199 --
Seizing the Opportunities from Trade 205 --
Table 1.1 Trade patterns in agricultural, forestry, and fishery products 4 --
Table 2.1 Classification scheme for food regulations 18 --
Table 3.1 Number of complaints about regulations brought before the WTO's SPS Committee, 1995-2001 61 --
Table 3.2 WTO disputes over regulation of agricultural product safety and quality, 1995-2002 64 --
Table 3.3 Decisions in the four SPS cases heard by WTO panels and the Appellate Body 70 --
Table 4.1 Risk reduction under a systems approach to Mexican avocado imports 84.