Flux Pinning in Superconductors

Preface to the Third Edition
Preface to the Second Edition
Preface to the First Edition
Contents
1 Introduction
	Abstract
	1.1 Superconducting Phenomena
	1.2 Kinds of Superconductors
	1.3 London Theory
	1.4 Ginzburg-Landau Theory
	1.5 Magnetic Properties
		1.5.1 Quantization of Magnetic Flux
		1.5.2 Vicinity of Lower Critical Field
		1.5.3 Vicinity of Upper Critical Field
	1.6 Surface Superconductivity
	1.7 Josephson Effect
	1.8 Critical Current Density
		1.8.1 Depairing Current Density
		1.8.2 Meissner Current Density
		1.8.3 Critical Current Density by Flux Pinning
	1.9 Flux Pinning Effect
	1.10 Exercises
	References
2 Fundamental Electromagnetic Phenomena in Superconductors
	Abstract
	2.1 Equations of Electromagnetism
	2.2 Flux Flow
	2.3 Mechanism of Hysteresis Loss
	2.4 Characteristic of the Critical State Model and Its Applicable Range
	2.5 Irreversible Phenomena
	2.6 Effect of Diamagnetism
	2.7 AC Losses
	2.8 Exercises
	References
3 Various Electromagnetic Phenomena
	Abstract
	3.1 Geometrical Effect
		3.1.1 Loss in Superconducting Wire Due to AC Current
		3.1.2 Loss in Superconducting Wire of Ellipsoidal Cross Section and Thin Strip Due to AC Current
		3.1.3 Transverse Magnetic Field
		3.1.4 Rotating Magnetic Field
		3.1.5 AC Loss in a Thin Superconducting Strip in Normal Magnetic Field
	3.2 Dynamic Phenomena
	3.3 Superposition of AC Magnetic Field
		3.3.1 Rectifying Effect
		3.3.2 Reversible Magnetization
		3.3.3 Abnormal Transverse Magnetic Field Effect
	3.4 Flux Jump
	3.5 Surface Irreversibility
	3.6 DC Susceptibility
	3.7 Reversible Flux Motion
	3.8 Flux Creep
	3.9 Exercises
	References
4 Critical State Theory
	Abstract
	4.1 Pinning Loss
	4.2 Critical State Theory
	4.3 Minimum Energy Dissipation
	4.4 Exercises
	References
5 Longitudinal Magnetic Field Effect
	Abstract
	5.1 Outline of Longitudinal Magnetic Field Effect
	5.2 Flux-Cutting Model
	5.3 Stability of the Force-Free State
	5.4 Motion of Flux Lines
	5.5 Critical Current Density
	5.6 Generalized Critical State Model
	5.7 Resistive State
	5.8 On the Flux Cutting
	5.9 Exercises
	References
6 Measurement Methods for Critical Current Density
	Abstract
	6.1 Four-Terminal Method
	6.2 DC Magnetization Method
	6.3 Campbell’s Method
	6.4 Other AC Inductive Methods
		6.4.1 Third Harmonic Analysis
		6.4.2 AC Susceptibility Measurement
	6.5 Exercises
	References
7 Flux Pinning Mechanisms
	Abstract
	7.1 Elementary Pinning and the Summation Problem
	7.2 Elementary Pinning Force
	7.3 Condensation Energy Interaction
		7.3.1 Normal Precipitates
		7.3.2 Grain Boundary
	7.4 Elastic Interaction
	7.5 Magnetic Interaction
	7.6 Kinetic Energy Interaction
	7.7 Improvement of Pinning Characteristics
	7.8 Exercises
	References
8 Flux Pinning Characteristics
	Abstract
	8.1 Flux Pinning Characteristics
	8.2 Elastic Moduli of Flux Line Lattice
	8.3 Summation Problem
		8.3.1 Statistical Theory
		8.3.2 Dynamic Theory
		8.3.3 Larkin-Ovchinnikov Theory
		8.3.4 Coherent Potential Approximation Theory
	8.4 Comparison with Experiments
		8.4.1 Qualitative Comparison
		8.4.2 Quantitative Comparison
		8.4.3 Problems in Summation Theories
	8.5 Saturation Phenomenon
		8.5.1 Saturation and Nonsaturation
		8.5.2 Kramer Model
		8.5.3 Model of Evetts et al.
		8.5.4 Comparison Between Models and Experiments
		8.5.5 Avalanching Flux Flow Model
	8.6 Peak Effect and Related Phenomena
	8.7 Upper Limit of Critical Current Density
	8.8 Pinning Potential Energy
	8.9 Exercises
	References
9 High-Temperature Superconductors
	Abstract
	9.1 Anisotropy of Superconductors
	9.2 Phase Diagram of Flux Lines
		9.2.1 Melting Transition
		9.2.2 Vortex Glass-Liquid Transition
		9.2.3 Order-Disorder Transition
		9.2.4 Phase Diagram of Flux Lines in Each Superconductor
		9.2.5 Size Effect
		9.2.6 Other Theoretical Predictions
	9.3 Weak Links of Grain Boundaries
	9.4 Electromagnetic Properties
		9.4.1 Anisotropy
		9.4.2 Differences in the Size Effect Due to the Dimensionality
		9.4.3 Flux Creep
		9.4.4 E-J Curve
		9.4.5 Josephson Plasma
	9.5 Irreversibility Field
		9.5.1 Analytic Solution of Irreversibility Field
		9.5.2 Effect of Distribution of Pinning Strength
		9.5.3 Comparison with Flux Creep-Flow Model
		9.5.4 Relation with G-L Transition
	9.6 Flux Pinning Properties
		9.6.1 RE-123
		9.6.2 Bi-2223
		9.6.3 Bi-2212
	9.7 Upper Limit of Critical Current Density
	9.8 Exercises
	References
10 MgB2
	Abstract
	10.1 Superconducting Properties
	10.2 Critical Current Properties
		10.2.1 Wires and Bulk Materials
		10.2.2 Thin Films
	10.3 Flux Pinning Properties
		10.3.1 Pinning Property in the Low Magnetic Field Region
		10.3.2 Pinning Properties in the High Magnetic Field Region
	10.4 Upper Limit of Critical Current Density
	10.5 Exercises
	References
Appendix
A.1 Tinkham’s Critical Current Density
A.2 Description of Equilibrium State
A.3 Magnetic Properties of a Small Superconductor
A.4 Partition of Pinning Energy
A.5 Comments on the Nonlocal Theory of the Elasticity of the Flux Line Lattice
A.6 Avalanching Flux Flow Model
A.7 Josephson Penetration Depth
A.8 On the Transverse Flux Bundle Size
References
Answers to Exercises
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
References
Index