Fixers: Agency, Translation, and the Early Global History of Literature

Contents
List of Figures
On Translations and Terminology
Introduction. Fixers: Toward an Alternative History of Translation and Literature
Part I. Historical Realities: Strategy, Loyalty, and Gift
	One. The Politics of Translation: Foreign Language Acquisition, Conversion, and Colonization (Thirteenth- and Fourteenth-Century Crusade Treatises)
	Two. The Economy of Translation: Missionaries to the Mongol Empire, Pilgrims to the Holy Land, and the Gift of Languages (Thirteenth to Fifteenth Centuries)
Part II. Disciplinary Realities: Authorship, Genre, and Literary History
	Three. The Ethics of Translation: Loyalty, Commensuration, and Literary Forms in the Fourteenth Century (Machaut, Froissart, Mézières)
	Four. Fixer Literature: (Pseudo)Translation and Manuscript Illumination (the Fifteenth-Century Court of Burgundy)
	Five. The Hermeneutics of Translation: Authorship and Genre (the Fifteenth-Century Court of Burgundy)
Conclusion. Fixers: Early World Literature in the Age of the Global
Acknowledgments
Appendix A
Appendix B
Notes
Bibliography
Index