Firefighting and Fire Safety Systems on Ships

Cover\nHalf Title\nTitle\nCopyright\nTable of Contents\nPreface\nAuthor’s note\nAbbreviations\nPART 1 Science of combustion\n	1 Chemistry of fire\n		Fundamentals of fire\n		Combustion process\n			Fire triangle\n				Fuel\n				Oxygen\n				Heat\n			Fire tetrahedron\n				Extinguishing effect considering the fire tetrahedron\n				Breaking the chain reaction\n			Hazardous and combustible materials\n				Flame\n				Heat\n				Combustion gases\n				Fire vapours (smoke)\n	2 Classifications of fire\n		Class \'A’ fires\n			Wood and wood-based materials\n				Burning characteristics of wood and wood-based materials\n				By-products of combustion of wood and wood-based materials\n			Textiles and fibres\n				Natural textiles\n				Synthetic textiles\n				Burning characteristics of textiles and fibres\n				By-products of combustion of textiles and fibres\n			Plastics and rubber\n				Burning characteristics of plastics and rubber\n				By-products of combustion of plastics and rubber\n			Locations of class \'A’ materials on shipboard settings\n			Extinguishing effect of class \'A’ fires\n		Class ‘B’ fires\n			Flammable liquids\n				Burning characteristics of flammable liquids\n				By-products of combustion of flammable liquids\n				Locations of flammable liquids on shipboard settings\n				Extinguishing effect of flammable liquids\n			Flammable gases\n				Basic hazards\n				Extinguishing flammable gases\n		Class ‘C’ fires\n			Types of equipment\n			Electrical faults that cause electrical fires\n			Hazards of electrical fires\n			Locations of electrical equipment on shipboard settings\n			Extinguishing electrical fires\n		Class ‘D’ fires\n			Hazards and characteristics of specific metals\n			Locations of class ‘D’ metals on shipboard settings\n			Extinguishing class ‘D’ fires\n		Class \'F’ or ‘K’ fires\n			Hazards and characteristics of fires caused by cooking greases, fats, and oils\n			Locations of cooking greases, fats, and oils on shipboard settings\n			Extinguishing class ‘F’ or ‘K’ fires\nPART 2 Fire extinguishing systems and infrastructure\n	3 Shipboard fire main systems\n		General principles of the shipboard fire main system\n		Extinguishing capabilities of water\n		Moving water to the fire\n			Straight streams\n				Efficiency of straight streams\n				Using straight streams\n			Fog streams\n			High-velocity fog streams\n			Low-velocity fog streams\n			Limitations of fog streams\n			Combination nozzle operation\n	4 Class requirements for fire main systems\n		Main fire pumps\n			Number required\n			Arrangements\n				General arrangement and common boundaries\n				Access\n				Power supplies\n				Water supply\n				Environmental systems\n		Emergency fire pump\n			Arrangement (independent systems)\n			Capacity\n			Pressure\n			Starting arrangements\n			Fuel supply\n			Suction\n			Arrangement (boundaries)\n			Supply and delivery piping\n			Access\n		Fire main sizing and system pressures\n		Fire hose reaction\n		Isolation valves and routing arrangements\n		Fire main piping components and materials\n		Hydrant locations and fire hoses and nozzles\n			Hydrant locations\n		International shore connection arrangements\n		Cold weather protection\n		Additional requirements for vessels with automation notations\n		Alternative requirements for steel vessels under 90 m in length and less than 1,000 GRT\n		Additional requirements for oil and fuel oil tankers\n		Additional requirements for passenger vessels\n		Additional/alternative requirements for RORO vessels\n		Additional/alternative requirements for gas carriers\n			Application\n			Fire pump/fire main sizing\n			Pressure\n			Arrangements\n			Isolation valves\n			Nozzles\n			Piping materials\n			Remote operations\n		Steel vessels under 90 m (295 ft) in length\n		High-speed craft\n		Cargo vessels for river service\n		Additional requirements for passenger vessels in river service\n		Yachts\n		Fishing vessels\n		Accommodation barges\n			Pump requirements\n			Fire main and pressure\n			Hydrant locations and arrangements\n			Nozzles\n			International shore connection\n		Offshore support vessels\n			Revised notation\n			Emergency fire pump suction\n	5 Fixed water extinguishing systems\n		General principles of fixed water extinguishing systems\n			Water spray systems\n			Water sprinkler systems\n			Water mist systems\n		Class requirements for fixed water spray, water sprinkler, and water mist systems\n			General system component requirements\n				Pumps\n				Piping components and materials\n				Nozzles\n			Fixed water spray systems in machinery spaces\n				Nozzles\n				Coverage rate\n				Division into sections\n				Supply and control arrangements\n				System capacity requirements\n				Arrangements\n				Pump prime movers\n				Protection from clogging\n			Fixed water sprinkler systems in accommodation spaces\n				General\n				Visual and audible alarms\n				Zone arrangements\n				Section isolation valves\n				Pressure gauges\n				Zone arrangement plan\n				Nozzles\n				Coverage rate\n				Automatic operation\n				Accumulator\n				Sprinkler pump\n				Back-up supply of water\n				System testing arrangements\n				Spares\n			Fixed water spray systems in RORO spaces\n				RORO spaces on cargo vessels\n				RORO spaces on passenger vessels\n			Fixed water mist systems in machinery spaces and cargo pump rooms\n			Fixed water mist systems in accommodation and service spaces\n			Fixed pressure water-spraying fire extinguishing system on cabin balconies of passenger ships\n	6 Foam extinguishing systems\n		Types of foam and foam characteristics\n			Chemical foams\n			Mechanical (air) foams\n				Protein foam\n				Fluoroprotein (FP) foam\n				Film forming fluoroprotein (FFFP) foam\n				Aqueous film forming foam (AFFF)\n				Alcohol resistant aqueous film-forming foam (AR-AFFF)\n				Synthetic detergent-based foam\n			Foam expansion ratios\n				Low expansion foams\n				Mid expansion foams\n				High expansion foams\n		Limitations and advantages of foam as an extinguishing agent\n		Basic guidelines for the use of foam as an extinguishing agent\n		Foam system equipment\n			Proportioning devices\n			Eductors\n			Around-the-pump systems\n			Balanced pressure foam proportioners\n			Foam nozzles\n				Low expansion\n				Medium expansion\n				High expansion\n			Foam monitors\n			Applicators\n			Valves and piping\n			Foam concentrate storage\n		Foam firefighting application techniques\n			Bounce-off technique\n			Bank-in technique\n			Rain-down technique\n			Never plunge\n		General and additional requirements for foam extinguishing systems\n			General requirements applicable to all foam systems\n				Pipe and pipe joints\n				Materials\n				Pumps\n				Pressure vessels\n				System component certification\n			Additional requirements for oil tanker deck foam systems\n				Controls\n				Application rate and system flow calculations\n				Foam concentrate quantity\n				System arrangements\n				Foam monitors\n				Foam applicators\n				Isolation valves\n				Simultaneous operation\n				Foam concentrate, quality, and testing\n				Suitability of foam concentrate\n				Example calculation of the capacity of foam systems for oil tankers\n				Calculations based on the above criteria\n			Additional requirements for chemical carrier deck foam systems\n				Controls\n				Application rate\n				Foam concentrate quantity\n				System arrangements\n				Foam monitors\n				Foam applicators\n				Isolation valves\n				Simultaneous operation\n				Foam concentrate, quality, and testing\n				Suitability of foam concentrate\n				Example calculation of the capacity of foam systems for chemical tankers\n				Calculations based on the above criteria\n			Additional requirements for fixed high expansion foam systems in machinery spaces\n				Application rate\n				Foam concentrate quantity\n				Foam concentrate\n				System design\n				System arrangements\n				Foam concentrate, quality, and testing\n			Additional requirements for supplementary fixed low expansion foam systems in machinery spaces\n				System arrangement\n				System capacity\n				Expansion ratio\n				Controls\n				Foam concentrate, quality, and testing\n			Additional requirements for helicopter landing facilities\n				Application\n				System arrangement\n				System capacity\n				Foam concentrate\n				Simultaneous operation\n	7 Fire extinguishing systems on gas carriers\n		General principles of cargo deck dry chemical extinguishing systems\n			Extinguishing effects of dry chemical\n				Chain breaking\n				Cooling\n				Smothering\n				Shielding of radiant heat\n			Dry chemical powder fire extinguishing systems\n				Coverage area and arrangement\n			Dry powder units\n			Pressure vessels\n			Controls\n			Piping arrangements\n			Monitors and hand lines requirements\n			System capacity\n			Bow and stern loading and discharge arrangements\n			General piping requirements\n		Cargo area water spray systems\n			Areas to be protected\n			Coverage rate\n			Piping arrangement\n			Pumping capacity\n			General piping requirements\n			Controls\n			Fire main system\n		Enclosed spaces containing cargo handling equipment\n	8 Portable and semi-portable fire extinguishers\n		Portable and semi-portable fire extinguishers\n			Water-type fire extinguishers\n				Soda acid extinguishers\n				Cartridge-operated extinguishers\n				Stored-pressure water extinguishers\n			Foam-type fire extinguishers\n				Chemical foam portable fire extinguishers\n				Mechanical foam extinguishers\n			Carbon dioxide (CO2) fire extinguishers\n			Dry chemical-type fire extinguishers\n				Cartridge-operated dry chemical extinguisher\n				Stored pressure dry chemical extinguishers\n			Dry powder-type fire extinguishers\n			Wet chemical-type fire extinguishers\n		Portable fire extinguishers\n		Semi-portable fire extinguishers\n		Fire extinguisher designations\n		Class requirements for portable and/or semi-portable extinguishers\n			Sizing of portable extinguishers\n		Approval of portable and semi-portable extinguishers\n			Spaces containing boilers (main or auxiliary) and oil-fired equipment\n				Portable fire extinguishers\n				Semi-portable fire extinguisher(s)\n			Category ‘A’ machinery spaces containing internal combustion machinery\n				Portable fire extinguishers\n				Semi-portable fire extinguishers\n			Combined boiler and internal combustion engine machinery spaces\n			Spaces containing steam turbines or steam engines\n				Portable fire extinguishers\n				Semi-portable fire extinguishers\n			Portable and semi-portable fire extinguishers in other machinery spaces\n			Accommodation, service spaces, and control stations\n				Accommodation spaces\n				Service spaces\n				Control stations\n			Fire protection arrangements for paint lockers\n			Fire protection arrangements for helicopter landing areas\n				Semi-portable extinguishers\n				CO2 extinguishers\n		Vessels with unmanned machinery spaces (UMS)\n		Additional requirements\n			RORO spaces, RORO spaces carrying motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks, and cargo spaces carrying motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks (other than RORO spaces)\n			Vessels carrying IMDG classed dangerous goods\n			Chemical tankers\n			Vessels under 90 m (295 ft)\n			Oil tankers under 30.5 m (100 ft)\n			Spare charges\nPART 3 Additional requirements\n	9 Additional fire protection requirements\n		Segregation of fuel oil purifiers for heated oil\n		Segregation of high-pressure hydraulic units\n		Piping systems handling oil\n			Material requirements for piping systems conveying oil\n			Remote closure arrangements for the valves on oil tanks\n			Fuel oil and lube oil systems on engines\n			Insulation requirements for heated surfaces\n			Remote stopping of fuel oil pumps and thermal fluid circulating pumps\n			Remote stops for ventilation fans and closing arrangements for openings\n		Paint and flammable liquid lockers\n			Lockers of 4 m2 (43 ft2) and more floor area\n			Lockers of less than 4 m2 (43 ft2) floor area\n	10 Fire control plans\n		Standardised symbols\n		Class requirements for FCPs\n			Steel vessels of 90 m in length and greater in unrestricted service\n				Information and details\n				Control Stations\n				Fire detection and fire alarm systems\n				Sample smoke detection and alarm systems\n				The particulars of sprinkler installations and fire extinguishing appliances\n				Fire main system\n				Fixed fire extinguishing systems\n				Portable extinguishers\n				Ventilation fans\n				Firefighter’s outfits\n				Emergency escape breathing devices\n				Fire protection arrangements for helicopter operations\n			Vessels with automation designations\n				Firefighting station\n		Vessels carrying IMDG classed ‘Dangerous Goods’\n		Vessels intended to carry oil in bulk\n			Fixed fire extinguishing systems\n			Fire main system\n			Firefighter’s outfits\n		Vessels intended to carry liquefied gas in bulk\n			Additional required fixed systems\n			Firefighter’s outfits\n			Gas detection systems\n			Personal protective protection and the provision of first aid equipment\n			Fire main system\n		Vessels intended to carry chemicals in bulk\n			Fixed fire extinguishing systems\n			Vapour detection system\n			Personal protective equipment and safety equipment\n			Fire main system\n		Passenger vessels\n			Fire main system\n			Additional fixed fire extinguishing systems required on passenger vessels\n			Fire detection and fire alarm systems\n			Firefighter’s outfits\n				Storage arrangements\n				Additional marking requirements\n		RORO spaces\n			Fire detection\n			Fixed fire extinguishing systems\n				RORO spaces capable of being sealed\n				RORO spaces not capable of being sealed\n			Fire hydrants\n			Portable extinguishers\n			Water fog and foam applicators\n		Cargo spaces, other than RORO cargo spaces, intended to carry vehicles with fuel in their tanks\n		Vessels under 500 GRT\n			Fire pumps\n			Machinery space fixed fire extinguishing systems\n			Carbon dioxide (CO2) systems\n			Fire axe\n			Oil tankers\nReferences\nIndex