Fire-Resistant Design of Structures

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Authors
Contributor
Chapter 1 Fire and Explosion
	Summary
	1.1 Category and Classification
	1.2 Pool Fire
	1.3 Jet Fire
	1.4 Fireball
	1.5 Flash Fire
	1.6 Explosion
	1.7 Explosion Classifications
		1.7.1 Vapor Cloud Explosion (VCE)
		1.7.2 Pressure Vessel Explosion (PVE)
		1.7.3 Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE)
		1.7.4 Condensed-Phase Explosion (CPE)
		1.7.5 Dust Explosion
	1.8 Fire and Explosion Characteristics
		1.8.1 Combustion
		1.8.2 Ignition
		1.8.3 Autoignition Temperature (AIT)
		1.8.4 Spontaneous Combustion
		1.8.5 Flash Point
		1.8.6 Fire Point
		1.8.7 Flammability Limits
		1.8.8 Limiting Oxygen Concentration
	1.9 Flammability Diagram
		1.9.1 Constructing Flammability Diagram
	1.10 Damage Consequences of Fire and Explosion
Chapter 2 Material Properties
	Summary
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Properties of Steel
		2.2.1 Carbon Steel and Alloying Elements
	2.3 Properties at High Temperature
	2.4 Reinforcing Steel
		2.4.1 Mechanical Properties
	2.5 Concrete
		2.5.1 Mechanical Properties
		2.5.2 Thermal Properties
	2.6 Functionally Graded Materials
		2.6.1 FGM for High Temperature
Chapter 3 Fire Design
	Summary
	3.1 Fire as a Hazard
	3.2 Development of a Fire
	3.3 Fire Safety
		3.3.1 Objectives of Fire Safety
			3.3.1.1 Life Safety
			3.3.1.2 Property Protection
			3.3.1.3 Environment Protection
		3.3.2 Scenario Analysis
		3.3.3 Fire Safety Measures
		3.3.4 Structural Fire Safety
	3.4 Codes and Standards
	3.5 Fire Behavior
		3.5.1 Fuels
		3.5.2 Calorific Value
		3.5.3 Heat Release Rate
	3.6 Fire Load
	3.7 Fire Initiation and Flame Spread
		3.7.1 Phase Change and Decomposition
		3.7.2 Fire Initiation
		3.7.3 Flame Spread
	3.8 Compartment Fires
		3.8.1 Pre-Flashover Fires
		3.8.2 t[sup(2)] Fire Model
	3.9 Energy and Burning Time
		3.9.1 Pre-Flashover Fire Calculations
	3.10 Flashover
	3.11 Post-Flashover Fires
	3.12 Ventilation-Controlled Fire
		3.12.1 Burning Rate
		3.12.2 Ventilation Factor
		3.12.3 Effects of Multiple Openings
	3.13 Fuel-Controlled Fire
	3.14 Time-Temperature Curves
		3.14.1 Standard Fire
	3.15 Design Fires
		3.15.1 Constant Peak Temperature
			3.15.1.1 Published Curves
	3.16 Parametric Curves
	3.17 Burning Period
		3.17.1 Decay Rate
	3.18 Time-Temperature Curves
	3.19 Fire Resistance
	3.20 Equivalent Fire Severity
		3.20.1 Area Equivalence
		3.20.2 Maximum Temperature Equivalence
		3.20.3 Minimum Load Capacity Equivalence
	3.21 Thermodynamic Properties
		3.21.1 Conduction
		3.21.2 Convection
		3.21.3 Radiation
	3.22 Transient Heat Transfer
	3.23 Boundary Conditions
	3.24 Lumped Capacity Idealization for Steel
	3.25 Semi-Infinite Idealization for Concrete and Masonry
	3.26 Structural Temperatures Under Standard Fire
		3.26.1 Temperature Calculation for Steel Structural Members
		3.26.2 Temperature Calculation for Concrete Structural Members
	3.27 Design Theory – Limit States of Design
	3.28 Tension Members
	3.29 Design for Flexure – Beams
		3.29.1 Steel Beams
		3.29.2 Reinforced Concrete Beams
	3.30 Compression Members – Columns
		3.30.1 Steel Columns
		3.30.2 Reinforced Concrete Columns
	3.31 Slabs
Chapter 4 Fire Protection
	Summary
	4.1 Fire Protection
	4.2 Active Fire Protection Systems
	4.3 Passive Fire Protection Systems
	4.4 Case Studies
	4.5 Station Nightclub, USA
	4.6 Grenfell Tower, London, UK
	4.7 Plasco Building, Tehran, Iran
		4.7.1 Fire Development and Growth
		4.7.2 Structural Collapse
		4.7.3 Important Observations
	4.8 Chennai Silks Building, Chennai, India
		4.8.1 Building Description and Use
		4.8.2 Fire Protection
		4.8.3 Fire Development and Growth
		4.8.4 Structural Failure
		4.8.5 Important Observations
	4.9 Takshashila Complex, Surat, India
		4.9.1 Building Description and Use
		4.9.2 Egress Arrangements
		4.9.3 Firefighting Access and Fire Protection Systems
		4.9.4 Fire Growth and Development
		4.9.5 Effects on Occupants
		4.9.6 Important Observations
References
Index