Fintech and Sustainability: How Financial Technologies Can Help Address Today’s Environmental and Societal Challenges

Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
Part I Introduction
1 Fintech and Sustainability: An Overview
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Overview of Content
		1.2.1 Part I: Introduction
		1.2.2 Part II: Fintech and Environmental Sustainability
		1.2.3 Part III: Fintech and Social Sustainability
		1.2.4 Part IV: Fintech and Governance Sustainability
	References
Part II Fintech and Environmental Sustainability
2 Scaling up Climate Finance Through Blockchain-Based Digital Green Bonds
	2.1 The Climate Reality We Face
	2.2 Key Challenges of Climate Finance
	2.3 Which is the Priority of Climate Finance
	2.4 Huge Climate Financing Gap
	2.5 Climate Fintech—Solutions in a New Dimension
	2.6 The Potential Role of Digital Green Bonds
	References
3 Green Energy, Emissions, and Blockchain Technology
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Blockchains and Business Applications
	3.3 Blockchain Applications to Emissions and Green Energy Markets
		3.3.1 Literature Review on Blockchains in Emissions and Energy Markets
		3.3.2 Examples of Applications in the Energy Markets
	3.4 Increasing Green Energy production—A Blockchain Use Case
		3.4.1 The Renewable Fuels Standard Program
		3.4.2 Renewable Identification Numbers
		3.4.3 Renewable Natural Gas and the RIN Market
		3.4.4 Problems with the Current System
		3.4.5 Proposal: A Blockchain Solution for the Biogas and RNG Market
		3.4.6 Benefits of the Proposal
		3.4.7 Challenges to the Proposal
	3.5 Conclusion
	References
4 The Role of Green Finance in Supporting Maritime Sustainable Development
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 The Maritime Sector
	4.3 Theoretical Framework and Literature Review
		4.3.1 Sustanaible Finance
		4.3.2 The Application and Categorization of Sustainable Finance
		4.3.3 Green Bonds as a Tool for Sustainable Finance
	4.4 Final Remarks
		4.4.1 Utilities and Limitations to the Application of Cold Ironing
		4.4.2 Pros and Cons of Cold Ironing
		4.4.3 Other Sustainable Strategies
	4.5 Conclusion, Limitation, and Future Implications
	References
Part III Fintech and Social Sustainability
5 Does Fintech Contribute to Fair and Equitable Outcomes?
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Machine Learning, Alternate Datasets, and Consumer Lending
		5.2.1 Machine Learning in Finance
		5.2.2 The Curse of Proxies
	5.3 Evaluating Fairness
		5.3.1 Regulatory Guidelines
		5.3.2 Fairness Measures
			5.3.2.1 Group Fairness
			5.3.2.2 Individual Fairness
	5.4 The Path Forward
	References
6 Fintech, Financial Inclusion, and Social Challenges: The Role of Financial Technology in Social Inequality
	6.1 Financial Inclusion and the 2030 Agenda
	6.2 Financial Inclusion: Data and Evidence
	6.3 The Role of Fintech in the Pursuit of Financial Inclusion
		6.3.1 Call to Action for Financial Inclusion
		6.3.2 Fintech and Financial Inclusion: Evidence in the Literature
		6.3.3 How Can Fintech Promote Financial Inclusion?
		6.3.4 The Other Side of Fintech
	6.4 The Mitigating Role of Financial Literacy
	6.5 Concluding Remarks
	References
7 The Metaverse’s Inspiration for Sustainable Business: Restructuring Economic Logic, Capital, Assets, Organization, and Industry
	7.1 Genesis: Sustainable Business and Metaverses
	7.2 Rethinking Economic Logics
	7.3 Reorganizing Three Capitals
	7.4 Reconstructing Social Assets
	7.5 Creating New Type of Organizations
	7.6 Embracing the Quaternary Sector of the Economy
	References
Part IV Fintech and Governance Sustainability
8 Circular Economy: A Fintech Driven Solution for Sustainable Practices
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 The Rise of Financial Technology
		8.2.1 Fintech 1.0 (1866–1967)
		8.2.2 Fintech 2.0 (1967–2008)
		8.2.3 Fintech 3.0 (2008–2014)
		8.2.4 Fintech 3.5 (2014–2017)
		8.2.5 Fintech 4.0 (2017–Today)
	8.3 Circular Economy for a Sustainable Future
		8.3.1 The Concept of Circularity
		8.3.2 Barriers to Circular Economy Business Models
	8.4 Sectors with High Short-term Circular Economy Potential
		8.4.1 Plastics and Packaged Goods Sector
		8.4.2 Fashion and Textiles Sector
		8.4.3 Food and Agriculture Sector
		8.4.4 Other Sectors with Increasing Potential
	8.5 Information: Critical Component for Success
		8.5.1 Traceability
		8.5.2 Transparency
	8.6 Fintech Solutions: Enablers of Circular Economy
		8.6.1 Financing Solutions
		8.6.2 Information Tracking
		8.6.3 Digital Platforms
	8.7 Conclusion
	References
9 The Role of Fintech in the Field of Sustainability and Financing
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Sustainability in Financing and Financing of Sustainability
	9.3 The Role of Fintech in Sustainable Financing
	9.4 Automation/Robotics
		9.4.1 Sustainability in Financing
		9.4.2 Financing of Sustainability
	9.5 Big Data Analytics
		9.5.1 Sustainability in Financing
		9.5.2 Financing of Sustainability
	9.6 Artificial Intelligence
		9.6.1 Sustainability in Financing
		9.6.2 Financing of Sustainability
	9.7 Distributed Ledger Technology/Blockchain
		9.7.1 Sustainability in Financing
		9.7.2 Financing of Sustainability
	9.8 Quantum Computing
	9.9 Conclusion
	References
10 The Mediating Role of Fintech on ESG and Bank Performance
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Theory and Hypotheses
		10.2.1 ESG and Bank Performance
		10.2.2 Fintech and Bank Performance
		10.2.3 Fintech and ESG
	10.3 Methodology
		10.3.1 Data
		10.3.2 Model
			10.3.2.1 Econometric Model
		10.3.3 Method
	10.4 Result and Discussion
	10.5 Robustness Test
	10.6 Conclusion and Implications
	References
11 Integrating AI to Increase the Effectiveness of ESG Projects
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 A Word About FTX
		11.2.1 Issues With Sustainable Investing
	11.3 ESG Positives and Negatives
	11.4 Issues With ESG Investing
	11.5 ESG Category Samples
	11.6 Role of AI In Sustainable Investing
	11.7 Assessing Sustainable Investing Projects with AI
	11.8 Green Bonds and AI
	11.9 Action Steps for AI Implementation
	11.10 Predictive Analytics and Modeling with AI for Green Projects
	11.11 The Green Transition
	11.12 Future Directions
	References
Index