Farm Animal Medicine and Surgery for Small Animal Veterinarians

Cover
Dedication
Farm Animal Medicine and Surgery: For Small Animal Veterinarians
Copyright
Contents
Foreword
Abbreviations (excluding disease and virus names)
Introduction
1 Veterinary Equipment
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Equipment for Handling
	Equipment for Diagnosis
	Equipment for Treatment
	Equipment for the Feet
		Hoof knife
		Hoof trimmers
		Gutter tape
		Small sheep-size hoof clippers
	Equipment for the Limbs
		Oscillating saw
		Splints
		Bandages and dressings
	Equipment for the Eyes
		Fluorescein strips
		Ophthalmoscope
	Equipment for Dentistry
		Dental elevators
		Dental picks
		Dental rasps
		Drinkwater gag
		Headlight
		Molar extraction forceps
		Molar spreaders
		Mouthwashing syringe
		Small ruminant gag
	Equipment for Stitching
		Artery forceps
		Clippers
		Drapes
		Dressing forceps
		Dressing scissors
		Needle holders
		Scalpel blades
		Scalpel handle
		Stitch-cutting scissors
		Suture material
		Suture needles
		Tissue forceps
		Towel clips
		Swabs
	Equipment for the Reproductive System
		Calving jack
		Calving and lambing equipment
		Embryotome
		Vaginal speculum
		A dedicated box for Caesarean section
		Other reproductive equipment
	Equipment for Post-mortem
		Sampling materials
	Specialist Equipment
2 Veterinary Medicines
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Using Medicines Responsibly
	Cattle Medicines
		Vaccines available for cattle in the UK
		Anti-inflammatory preparations
		Mixed anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial preparations
		Antimicrobials
			Injectables
			Oral products for calves to be used in the drinking water, milk or milk replacer
			Topical products
		Antiprotozoals
		Anthelmintics
		Cardiovascular and respiratory preparations
		Dietary supplements and fluid metabolites
		Other medicines
	Sheep Medicines
		Vaccines available for sheep in the UK
		Anti-inflammatory preparations
		Antimicrobials
			Injectables
			Oral products to be given directly by mouth
			Topical products
		Dietary supplements and fluid metabolites
		Anthelmintic groups
		Other medicines
	Pig Medicines
		Anti-inflammatory preparations
		Antimicrobials
			Injectables
			Oral products to be used in the feed or drinking water
			Oral products to be given directly by mouth
			Topical products
		Cardiovascular and respiratory preparations
		Dietary supplements and fluid metabolites
		Other medicines
	Poultry Medicines
		Antimicrobials
		Antiprotozoals
3 Cattle Medicine
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Clinical Examination, Including History Taking
	Diseases of the Gastrointestinal System
		The predominant signs
		Diagnosis
		Causes of enteric disease
		Enteric diseases caused by viruses and their treatment
			Bluetongue disease
			Bovine malignant catarrh (BMC)
			Bovine papular stomatitis
			Bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD)
			Coronavirus
			Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD)
			Rotavirus
		Enteric diseases caused by bacteria and their treatment
			Actinobacillosis
			Actinomycosis
			Calf diphtheria
			Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli
			Clostridial disease
			Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157
			Escherichia coli
			Johne’s disease
			Salmonellosis
		Enteric diseases caused by protozoa and their treatment
			Candida albicans
			Coccidiosis
			Cryptosporidiosis
		Enteric diseases caused by parasites
			Fasciolisis
			Parasitic gastroenteritis (PGE)
			Toxocarosis
		Enteric diseases of unknown cause
			Abomasal ulcers
			Jejunal haemorrhagic syndrome
			Vagal indigestion
		Miscellaneous enteric conditions
			Cleft palate
			Congenital erythropoietic porphyria
		Pathogenic causes of diarrhoea in cattle
		Specific causes of diarrhoea in calves
		Idiopathic necrotizing enteritis (INE)
		Severe summer scour syndrome
		Diseases of the liver
		Diseases of the pancreas
			Fat necrosis
	Diseases of the Neurological System
		Neurological conditions of calves
			Bacterial meningitis
			Brain abscess
			Congenital abnormalities
			Cerebrocortical necrosis (CCN)
			Clostridium perfringens type D epsilon toxaemia
			Femoral nerve damage
			Lead poisoning
			Middle ear infection
			Radial paralysis
		Neurological conditions of adult cattle
			Aujeszky’s disease
			Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)
			Facial paralysis
			Horner’s syndrome
			Listeria monocytogenes
			Malignant catarrhal fever
			Mycoplasma bovis
			Nervous acetonaemia
			Obturator nerve damage
			Rabies
			Sciatic nerve damage
		Ocular conditions
			Besnoitosis
			Bovine iritis (silage eye)
			Congenital cataracts
			Foreign bodies
			Horner’s syndrome
			Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (‘New Forest eye’)
			Squamous cell carcinoma of the third eyelid
			Thelazia spp.
			Vitamin A deficiency
	Metabolic Diseases
		The predominant signs
		Acetonaemia
		Acidosis
		Hypocalcaemia
		Hypomagnesaemia
		Hypophosphataemia
		Common trace element deficiencies
			Cobalt deficiency
			Copper deficiency
			Iodine deficiency
			Selenium deficiency
			Summary of deficiency diseases
	Diseases of the Respiratory System
		The predominant signs
		Diagnosis
		Causes of respiratory disease
		Respiratory diseases caused by viruses and bacteria, and their treatment
			Bovine respiratory disease (BRD)
			Bovine tuberculosis
			Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP)
			The ‘shipping fever’ complex
		Respiratory diseases caused by fungi and their treatment
			Aspergillosis
		Respiratory diseases caused by parasites and their treatment
			Lungworm (parasitic bronchitis; ‘husk’)
		Prevention of respiratory disease
		Miscellaneous respiratory diseases, their causes and treatment
			Anaphylaxis
			Fog fever
			Inhalation pneumonia
	Diseases of the Circulatory System
		Circulatory diseases with various causes and their treatment
			Anthrax
			Bleeding disorders
			Bovine leucosis
			Bovine petechial fever
			Cor pulmonale
			Dilated cardiomyopathy
			Endocarditis
			Heartwater
			Lightning strike
			Lyme disease
			Mycoplasma wenyonii
		Circulatory diseases caused by protozoa and their treatment
			Anaplasmosis
			Babesiosis
			Theileriosis
			Trypanosomiasis
	Diseases of the Urinary System
		Post-parturient haemoglobinuria
		Pyelonephritis
		Renal amyloidosis
	Diseases of the Reproductive System
		Abortion and its causes
			Akabane
			Arcanobacterium pyogenes
			Bacillus licheniformis
			Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1)
			Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)
			Brucellosis
			Campylobacter foetus ssp. veneralis
			Chlamydophila abortus
			Coxiella burnetii
			Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae
			Leptospira serovar Hardjo (L. borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo and L. interrogans serovar Hardjo)
			Leptospira serovar Pomona
			Listeria monocytogenes
			Mycotic abortion
			Neospora caninum
			Parachlamydia acanthamoeba
			Rift Valley fever (RVF)
			Salmonellosis
			Schmallenberg virus (SBV)
			Ureaplasma diversum
			Wesselsbron disease
		Endometritis
		Mastitis
			Contagious pathogens
			Environmental pathogens
			Summer mastitis
		Mummified fetus
		Pyometritis
		Udder oedema
		Udder rot
	Diseases of the Locomotory System
		Viral diseases
			Bovine ephemeral fever (BEF)
		Deficiency diseases
			Rickets
	Diseases of the Integument
		Viral skin diseases
			Bovine papular stomatitis
			Herpes mammillitis
			Lumpy skin disease
			Pseudocowpox
			Vesicular stomatitis
		Bacterial skin diseases
			Actinobacillosis
			Actinomycosis
			Clostridial cellulitis
			Dermatophilosis
			Staphylococcal skin disease
		Protozoal skin diseases
			Besnoitosis
		Fungal skin diseases
			Dermatophytosis
		Parasitic skin diseases
			Biting flies
			Chorioptic mange
			Demodectic mange
			Dermanyssus gallinae
			Myiasis
			Pediculosis
			Psoroptic mange
			Sarcoptic mange
			Tick infestation
			Warble fly infestation
		Nutritional skin diseases
			Vitamin C-responsive skin disease
			Zinc-responsive skin disease
		Miscellaneous skin diseases
			Epidermolysis bullosa
			Frostbite
			Mast cell tumour
			Photosensitization
			Subcutaneous emphysema
			Urticaria
	Common Causes for Cattle to be Found Dead
		Iatrogenic causes of sudden death
		Reasons for animals to be found dead
4 Cattle Surgery
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Analgesia
	Sedation
	Anaesthesia
		General anaesthesia in adults
		General anaesthesia in calves
		Regional anaesthesia
			Cornual block
			Epidural block
			Inverted L block
			Lower limb block
			Paravertebral block
			Retrobulbar block
			Teat blocks
	Surgical Conditions of the Gastrointestinal System
		Abomasal disease in calves
		Abscess in the mediastinum
			Actinobacillosis of the oesophagus
		Bloat as a result of choke
		Bloat without choke
		Choke without bloat
			Chronic bracken poisoning
			Fore-stomach obstruction
			Frothy bloat
			Tetanus
			Traumatic reticulitis
		Jejunal haemorrhage syndrome (JHS)
		Intestinal torsion
		Intussusception
		Left-sided displacement of the abomasum
			A single-flank surgical method
			A double-flank surgical method
			Medical treatment
			Rolling
			Stitching the abomasum to the ventral body wall
			Toggling
		Left-sided volvulus of the abomasum
		Liver abscess
		Rectal prolapse
		Right-sided displacement of the abomasum
		Rumenotomy
		Torsion of the caecum
		Umbilical hernia
	Surgical Conditions of the Neurological System
		Removal of the eye
		Squamous cell carcinoma of the third eyelid
	Surgical Conditions of the Urinary System
		Infected urachus
		Obstructive urolithiasis
		Prolapsed prepuce
		Rupture of the penis
		Urethrostomy
		Urethrotomy
		Urinary calculi
	Surgical Conditions of the Reproductive System
		Oestrus synchronization programmes
		Surgical conditions of females
			Problems at or associated with parturition
			Removal of supernumerary teats
			Teat amputation
			Teat lacerations
			Teat obstructions
			Transmissible viral fibropapillomatosis
			Uterine abnormalities
		Surgical conditions of males
			Castration
			Corkscrew penis
			Inguinal hernia
			Persistent penile frenulum
	Surgical Conditions of the Locomotory System
		Bovine progressive degenerative myeloencephalopathy (BPDME)
		Carpal bursitis
		Contracted tendons
		Digital dermatitis (DD)
		Flying scapulas
		‘Foul in the foot’
		Fracture of sacral/coccygeal vertebrae
		Fracture of the pedal bone
		Hip dislocation
		Hock bursitis
		Interdigital hyperplasia
		Joint ill
		Laminitis
		Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD)
		Osteomyelitis
		Progressive ataxia
		Progressive myelopathy
		Recumbent/downer cow
			Recumbent cow
			Downer cow
		Removal of a digit
		Rupture of the gastrocnemius muscle
		Sacroiliac luxation
		Sand cracks
			Horizontal sand cracks
			Vertical sand cracks
		Septic pedal arthritis
		Shoulder bursitis
		Sole ulcer
		Spastic paresis
		Spastic syndrome
		Spinal muscular atrophy
		Stifle joint damage
		Stone in the foot
		‘Street nail operation’
		Super foul
		White line infection
	Surgical Conditions of the Integument
		Bull ring insertion
		Dehorning of adults
		Disbudding
		Tail amputation
	Euthanasia
		Use of a firearm with a free bullet
		Use of a captive bolt pistol
		Chemical euthanasia
5 Sheep and Goat Medicine
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Handling Facilities
	Diseases of the Gastrointestinal System
		The predominant signs
		Diagnosis
		Causes of enteric disease
		Enteric diseases caused by viruses and their treatment
			Bluetongue disease
			Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD)
			Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF)
			Nairobi sheep disease (NSD)
			Peste des petits ruminants (PPR)
			Rotavirus
		Enteric diseases caused by bacteria and their treatment
			Bacillary haemoglobinuria
			Blackleg
			Black’s disease or infectious necrotic hepatitis
			Botulism
			Braxy
			Enterotoxaemia
			Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157
			Escherichia coli
			Johne’s disease
			Lamb dysentery
			Malignant oedema
			Sordellii abomasitis
			Struck
			Tetanus
			Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
		Enteric diseases caused by protozoa and their treatment
			Coccidiosis
			Cryptosporidiosis
			Giardia
		Enteric diseases caused by parasites and their treatment
			Intestinal cestodes
			Intestinal nematodes
			Trematodes
		Gastric disorders
			Acidosis
			Bloat
			Gastritis
			Rumen atony
			Rumen impaction
		Diseases of the liver
			Abscesses
			Black’s disease
			Fascioliasis
			Plant toxicity
			Rift Valley fever (RVF)
			Tumours of the liver
		Diseases of the pancreas
			Pancreatitis
	Diseases of the Neurological System
		Neurological diseases of neonatal lambs
			Border disease
			Cerebellar hypoplasia or ‘daft lamb disease’
			Dandy–Walker malformation
			Hereditary chondrodysplasia
			Hypoglycaemia
			Injury to the central nervous system (CNS) at birth
			Myodystrophia foetalis deformans
			Swayback
		Neurological diseases of unweaned lambs
			Delayed swayback
			Listeriosis
			Meningitis/encephalitis
			Spinal abscess
			Tetanus
			Tick pyaemia
		Neurological diseases of growing lambs
			Cerebrocortical necrosis (CCN)
			Gid (coenurosis)
			Lead poisoning
			Louping ill
			Plant poisoning
			Ryegrass staggers
			Sarcocystosis
			Spinal abscess
			Tetanus
		Neurological diseases of adult sheep
			Botulism
			Cervical injury
			Fibronecrotizing pachymeningitis
			Heartwater
			Listeriosis
			Maedi-visna (MV)
			Scrapie
			Spinal abscess
		Neurological diseases of goats
			Border disease
			Caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE)
			Cerebrocortical necrosis (CCN)
			Listeriosis
			Scrapie
			Swayback
		Conditions associated with the eye of neonatal lambs and kids
			Congenital cataracts
			Microphthalmia
			Split eyelid syndrome
			Trauma
		Eye conditions of older sheep and goats
			Blindness without obvious ocular involvement
			Excess lachrymation without ocular disease
			Excess lachrymation with ocular disease
	Metabolic Diseases
		The predominant signs
		Diagnosis
		Hypocalcaemia
		Hypomagnesaemia
		Ketosis
	Diseases of the Respiratory System
		Non-infectious conditions of the upper respiratory tract
			Chondritis of the larynx
			Collar trauma
			Nasal foreign bodies
			Nasal tumours
		Infectious conditions of the upper respiratory tract
			Enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma
			Nasal leeches
			Nasal myiasis
			Retropharyngeal lymph node abscesses
			Rhinitis
		Non-infectious conditions of the lower respiratory tract
			Aspiration pneumonia
			Ruptured diaphragm
			Squamous cell carcinoma
			Thymomas
			Winter cough
		Infectious conditions of the lower respiratory tract caused by viruses
			Ovine parainfluenza 3 (OPI3)
			Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis or Jaagsiekte
		Infectious conditions of the lower respiratory tract caused by bacteria
			Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP)
			Histophilus somni
			Mannheimia haemolytica
			Mycoplasmas
			Pasteurella multocida
			Tuberculosis (TB)
		Infectious conditions of the lower respiratory tract caused by parasites
			Parasitic pneumonia
	Diseases of the Circulatory System
		Diseases of the cardiovascular system
			Heartwater
			Poisonous plants
			Rupture of the aorta
			Schistosomiasis
			Vegetative endocarditis
		Diseases affecting the haemopoietic and lymphatic systems
			Babesiosis
			Theileriosis
			Tick-borne fever
	Diseases of the Urinary System
		Medical conditions of the urinary tract
			Nephritis
			Nephrosis
			Tumours of the urinary system
	Diseases of the Reproductive System
		Abortion and its causes
			Akabane
			Border disease
			Brucellosis
			Cache valley virus
			Campylobacteriosis
			Caprine herpesvirus
			Concurrent disease
			Enzootic abortion of ewes
			Leptospirosis
			Listeriosis
			Neosporosis
			Nutritional causes
			Paecilomyces variotti
			Q fever
			Rift Valley fever (RVF)
			Salmonellosis
			Sarcocystosis
			Schmallenberg virus (SBV)
			Sporadic abortions
			Streptococcus pluranimalium
			Stress
			Thogoto virus
			Tick-borne fever
			Toxoplasmosis
		Congenital and hereditary conditions in goats
			Hermaphroditism
		Contagious agalactia
		Mastitis
		Reproductive disorders in goats
			Clostridium septicum metritis in goats
			False pregnancy in goats
			Maiden milkers
			Problems with oestrus
		Tumours of the reproductive system
	Diseases of the Integument
		An approach to investigating a dermatological problem in sheep or goats
		Inherited skin diseases
			‘Redfoot’
			Sticky goat syndrome
		Viral skin diseases
			Caprine herpesvirus
			Caprine viral dermatitis
			Contagious pustular dermatitis
			Goat pox
			Parapoxvirus
			Venereal orf
			Vesicular stomatitis
		Bacterial skin diseases
			Actinobacillosis
			Actinomycetic mycetoma
			Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA)
			Clostridial cellulitis
			Dermatophilosis
			Fleece rot
			Morel’s disease
			Nocardiosis
			Periorbital eczema
			Scald
			Staphylococcal dermatitis
			Staphylococcal folliculitis
		Fungal skin diseases
			Aspergillosis
			Cryptococcosis
			Malassezia dermatitis
			Phaeohyphomycosis
			Pythiosis
			Ringworm
		Protozoal skin diseases
			Besnoitosis
			Leishmaniasis
			Sarcocystosis
		Parasitic skin diseases of sheep and goats
			Mites
			Flies and other insects
			Nematodes
		Vitamin- and mineral-related skin diseases
			Cobalt deficiency
			Copper deficiency
			Iodism
			Sulfur deficiency
			Vitamin A deficiency
			Vitamin E deficiency
			Zinc deficiency
		Physical causes of skin disease
			Frostbite
			Photosensitization
			Sunburn
			Trauma
		Toxic causes of skin diseases
			Hyalomma toxicosis
			Milk toxicity
		Neoplastic conditions
			Benign cysts
			Malignant tumours
			Tetragenic dental cysts
			Thymomas
			Thyroid gland tumours
			Tumours of the skeletal system
		Skin diseases of uncertain aetiology
			Pemphigus foliaceus
			Wool slip
	Common Causes for Sheep and Goats to be Found Dead
		Iatrogenic causes of sudden death
		Reasons for animals to be found dead
		Common plants causing toxicity in sheep and goats
			General
			Grayanotoxins
			Cyanogenic glycosides
			Taxane alkaloids
			Cardiac glycosides
6 Sheep and Goat Surgery
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Analgesia and Sedation
	Anaesthesia
		General anaesthesia
		Regional anaesthesia
			Epidural anaesthesia
			Regional anaesthesia of the lower limb
	Surgical Conditions of the Gastrointestinal System
		Atresia ani
		Atresia recti
		Cheek tooth removal
		Colic
		Fractures of the mandible
		Incisor removal
		Intussusception
		Prolapsed rectum
		Rumen cannularization
		Rumenotomy
			Entropion
	Surgical Conditions of the Neurological System
		Enucleation of the eye
	Surgical Conditions of the Urinary System
		Congenital and hereditary conditions of the urinary system
			Persistent patent urachus
			Surgical conditions of the male urinary tract
	Surgical Conditions of the Reproductive System
		Surgical conditions of females
			Normal parturition in sheep
			Induction of parturition in sheep
			Dystocia in sheep
			Caesarean section in sheep
			Lamb survival
			Retained placenta in sheep
			Uterine torsion in sheep
			Normal parturition in goats
			Induction of parturition in goats
			Dystocia in goats
			Caesarean section in goats
			Embryotomy in sheep and goats
			Prolapsed uterus in sheep and goats
			Prolapsed vagina in sheep and goats
			Removal of supernumerary teats
			Reproductive ultrasonography
		Surgical conditions of males
			Castration (and tail docking)
			Castration of animals with a retained testicle (cryptorchidism)
			Vasectomy in rams
	Surgical Conditions of the Locomotory System
		Conditions of the hooves
			Lameness in sheep as a flock problem
			Lameness in adult sheep and goats
			Lameness in lambs and kids
		Conditions of the limbs
			Flying scapula
			Fractures
		Surgical removal of the digit of small ruminants
	Surgical Conditions of the Integument
		Dehorning in goats and sheep
			Disbudding of kids
			Animals with rudimentary horn stubs
			Removal of adult horns
		Tail docking of an adult sheep
	Euthanasia
		Use of a firearm with a free bullet
		Use of a captive bolt pistol
		Chemical euthanasia
7 South American Camelid Medicine
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Animal Husbandry
		Classification
		Normal behaviour
		Behavioural problems
	Clinical Examination, Including History Taking
	Diseases of the Gastrointestinal System
		Problems affecting the head
			Ptyalism and pseudoptyalism
			Swellings of the soft tissue
		Congenital and hereditary conditions
			Atresia coli
			Atresia ani
			Mega-oesophagus
		Enteric diseases caused by viruses and their treatment
			Bluetongue disease
			Bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD)
			Coronavirus
			Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD)
			Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF)
			Rotavirus
		Enteric diseases caused by bacteria and their treatment
			Clostridial diseases
			Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157
			Escherichia coli
			Johne’s disease
		Enteric diseases caused by protozoa and their treatment
			Coccidiosis
			Cryptosporidiosis
			Giardia
		Enteric diseases caused by parasites and their treatment
			Intestinal cestodes
			Intestinal nematodes
			Trematodes
		Conditions of the stomachs and intestines
			Anatomy of the GI system
			Diagnosis
			Differentiation between surgical and medical cases
			Colic
			Gastric ulceration
			Gastroliths
			Grain overload
			Spiral colon impaction
			The liver
	Diseases of the Neurological System
		Congenital conditions
			Atlanto-occipital malalignment
			Hydrocephalus
			Kyphosis
		Infectious diseases caused by various agents
			Equine herpesvirus (EHV)
			Listeriosis
			Louping ill
			Meningeal worms
			Otitis media
			Protozoal meningitis
			Rabies
			Septic bacterial meningitis
			West Nile fever
		Miscellaneous conditions
			Facial paralysis
			Heat stroke
			Hypothermia
			Polioencephalomalacia
			Tumours of the brain and spinal cord
		Musculoskeletal conditions
			Peripheral nerve damage
		Toxic conditions
			Botulism
			Ionophore toxicosis
			Ryegrass staggers
			Tetanus
		Traumatic conditions
			Cerebral hypoxia
			Fractured vertebrae in the neck
		Eye disorders
			Eye disorders and visual defects in neonatal crias
			Eye disorders and visual defects in older crias and adults
	Metabolic Diseases
		Hepatic encephalopathy
		Hypocalcaemia
		Hypoglycaemia
		Hypomagnesaemia
		Uraemic encephalopathy
	Diseases of the Respiratory System
		Non-infectious conditions of the upper respiratory tract
			Hyperplasia of the soft palate
			Rhinitis
		Infectious conditions of the upper respiratory tract
			Nasal myiasis
		Non-infectious conditions of the lower respiratory tract
			Aspiration pneumonia
			Diaphragmatic paralysis
			Drowning
			Pleural effusion
			Trauma
		Infectious conditions of the lower respiratory tract
			Infectious pneumonia
			Lungworms
			Streptococcus equi
			Tuberculosis (TB)
	Diseases of the Circulatory System
		Diseases of the cardiovascular system
			Iliac arterial thrombosis
			Vegetative endocarditis
			Ventricular septal defects
			Viral myocarditis
			White muscle disease
		Diseases affecting the haemopoietic and lymphatic systems
			Anaplasmosis
			Babesiosis
			Mycoplasma haemolamae
	Diseases of the Urinary System
		Congenital and hereditary conditions of the urinary system
			Renal agenesis
		Medical conditions of the urinary tract
			Nephritis
			Prostatitis
	Diseases of the Reproductive System
		Abortion and its causes
		Embryonic death
		Diseases of the mammary gland
			Mastitis
			Failure of passive transfer (FPT)
		Acquired infertility in females
		Male infertility
	Diseases of the Integument
		Viral skin diseases
			Bluetongue disease
			Contagious pustular dermatitis
			Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD)
			Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF)
		Bacterial skin diseases
			Actinobacillosis
			Actinomycosis
			Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA)
			Clostridial cellulitis
			Dermatophilosis
			Necrotic dermatitis
			Periorbital eczema
			Staphylococcal folliculitis
		Fungal skin diseases
			Ringworm
		Parasitic skin diseases
			Blowfly strike
			Lice
			Mites
		Vitamin- and mineral-related skin diseases
			Cobalt deficiency
			Copper deficiency
			Iodism
			Sulfur deficiency
			Vitamin A deficiency
			Vitamin C deficiency
			Vitamin E deficiency
			Zinc deficiency
		Physical causes of skin disease
			Frostbite
			Photosensitization
			Sunburn
			Trauma
		Neoplastic conditions
			Malignant tumours
		Skin diseases of uncertain aetiology
			Pemphigus foliaceus
	Common Causes for SACs to be Found Dead
		Iatrogenic causes of sudden death
		Reasons for animals to be found dead
8 South American Camelid Surgery
	Abstract
	Introduction
	General Points for All Surgery
		Tetanus cover
		Antibiotic cover
		Analgesia
		Sedation
			Xylazine
			Acepromazine
			Diazepam
	General Anaesthesia
		Gaseous anaesthesia
		Recovery from gaseous anaesthesia
		Injectable anaesthesia
	Regional Anaesthesia
		Epidural anaesthesia
		Regional anaesthesia of the lower limb
	Surgical Conditions of the Gastrointestinal System
		Choanal atresia
		Congenital and hereditary conditions
			Atresia ani
		Fracture of the mandible
		Problems with teeth
			Problems with cheek teeth
			Problems with fighting teeth
			Problems with incisor teeth
		Prolapsed rectum
		Umbilical hernia
	Surgical Conditions of the Neurological System
		Enucleation of the eye
		Eye disorders
			Eye disorders and visual defects in neonatal crias
			Eye disorders and visual defects in older crias and adults
	Surgical Conditions of the Urinary System
		Persistent patent urachus
		Ruptured bladder
		Urethral obstruction
	Surgical Conditions of the Reproductive System
		Surgical conditions of females
			Parturition
			Induction of parturition
			Dystocia
			Fusion of the vulval lips
			Persistent hymen and vaginal aplasia
			Prolapsed uterus
			Prolapsed vagina
			Reproductive ultrasonography
		Conditions of males
			Castration
			Inguinal hernia
			Vasectomy
	Surgical Conditions of the Locomotory System
		Angular limb deformity
		Bilateral luxating patellae
		Digital amputation
		Dropped pasterns
		Flying scapula
		Fractures
		Scapulohumeral joint luxation
		Sequestrations
		Spondylosis
		Tendon contraction
			Total spasticity of the limbs
	Euthanasia
		Chemical euthanasia
9 Pig Medicine
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Clinical Examination, Including History Taking
		Sampling
			Blood samples
			Milk samples
			Nasal secretion
			Tonsillar swab
			Vaginal inspection and swabs
			Urine
			Faeces
			Skin scrapings
			Submission of samples (with a full history)
		Surveillance
	Diseases of the Gastrointestinal System
		The predominant signs
		Diagnosis
		Mode of infection
		Prevention
		Causes of enteric disease
		Enteric diseases caused by viruses and their treatment
			Epidemic diarrhoea
			Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD)
			Rotavirus
			Senecavirus A
			Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE)
			Vomiting wasting disease
		Enteric diseases caused by bacteria and their treatment
			Brachyspira pilosicoli
			Campylobacter enteritis
			Clostridial diarrhoea
			Escherichia coli diarrhoea
			Helicobacter pylori
			Proliferative enteropathy
			Salmonellosis
			Swine dysentery
			Yersinia
		Enteric diseases caused by protozoa
			Coccidiosis
			Cryptosporidiosis
		Enteric diseases caused by endoparasites
			Ascaris suum
			Hyostrongylus rubidus
			Oesophagostomum dentatum and O. quadrispinulatum
			Trichuris suis
			Control and resistance to anthelmintics
		Enteric diseases caused by poisons
			Aflatoxin B1
		Enteric diseases of unknown aetiology
			Intestinal haemorrhagic syndrome
	Diseases of the Neurological System
		The predominant signs
		Diagnosis
		Causes of neurological disease
		Neurological diseases caused by viruses
			African swine fever (ASF)
			Aujeszky’s disease
			Classical swine fever (CSF)
			Porcine sapelovirus
			Rabies
			Swine influenza with concurrent streptococcal meningitis
			Swine vesicular disease (SVD)
			Talfan disease
			Teschen disease
		Neurological diseases caused by bacteria and their treatment
			Abscesses
			Actinobacillosis
			Bowel oedema
			Haemophilus (Glaesserella) parasuis meningitis
			Erysipelas
			Leptospirosis
			Listeriosis
			Middle ear infection
			Salmonellosis
			Streptococcal meningitis
			Tetanus
		Neurological diseases caused by protozoa
			Coccidiosis
		Neurological diseases caused by poisoning
			Arsenic poisoning
			Congenital tremor
			Iron toxicity
			Metaldehyde
			Nitrite/nitrate poisoning
			Salt poisoning
			Selenium poisoning
		Neurological diseases caused by miscellaneous causes
			Heat stroke
	Metabolic Diseases
		Copper deficiency myelopathy
		Hypoglycaemia
		Osteomalacia
		Vitamin A deficiency
		Vitamin B deficiency
	Diseases of the Cardio-circulatory System
	Anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity
	Endocarditis
	Diseases of the Respiratory System
		Predominant signs
		Diagnosis
		Mode of infection
		Prevention
		Causes of respiratory disease
		Respiratory diseases caused by viruses
			Inclusion body rhinitis
			Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)
			Post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)
			Swine influenza
		Respiratory diseases caused by bacteria
			Actinobacillosis
			Atrophic rhinitis
			Enzootic pneumonia
			Glasser’s disease
			Pasteurellosis
		Respiratory diseases caused by endoparasites
			Ascaris
			Metastrongylus edentatus
		Miscellaneous causes of respiratory disease
			Warfarin poisoning
	Diseases of the Urinary System
		Diagnosis
		Mode of infection
		Urinary diseases caused by bacteria
			Cystitis/pyelonephritis
			Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS)
		Miscellaneous urinary diseases
			Urolithiasis
	Diseases of the Reproductive System
		Abortions, stillbirths, and weak and mummified piglets
			Aujeszky’s disease
			Blue eye paramyxovirus
			Brucellosis
			Carbon monoxide
			Erysipelas
			Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD)
			Japanese B encephalitis virus
			Leptospirosis
			Mycotoxins
			Porcine circovirus
			Porcine parvovirus
			Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)
			Salmonella spp.
			SMEDI (stillbirths, mummification, embryonic deaths and infertility)
			Swine fever
			Swine influenza
			Toxoplasmosis
			Vitamin A deficiency
		Chronic mastitis
	Diseases of the Integument
		Causes of skin disease
		Skin diseases caused by viruses
			Swinepox
		Skin diseases caused by bacteria
			Erysipelas
			‘Greasy pig’ disease (exudative epidermitis)
			Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS)
		Streptococcus dysgalactiae ssp. equisimilis
		Skin diseases caused by fungi
			Ringworm
		Skin diseases caused by parasites
			Flies
			Lice
			Sarcoptic mange
		Skin diseases caused by nutritional problems
			Biotin deficiency
			Parakeratosis
		Skin diseases due to miscellaneous causes
			Bite wounds
			Dermatosis vegetans
			Epitheliogenesis imperfecta
			Frostbite
			Pressure sores
			Pityriasis rosea
			Sunburn
			Thrombocytopenic purpura
	Common Causes for Pigs to be Found Dead
		Iatrogenic causes of sudden death
		Reasons for animals to be found dead
10 Pig Surgery
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Analgesia
	Sedation
	Anaesthesia
		General anaesthesia
			Piglets
			Older growing pigs
			Large growing pigs and adults
		Epidural anaesthesia
	Surgical Conditions of the Gastrointestinal System
		Atresia ani
		Gastric torsion
		Gastric ulceration
		Intestinal obstruction
			Treatment of intestinal obstruction caused by a foreign body, an intussusception or a volvulus
			Treatment of intestinal entrapment in an inguinal hernia
			Treatment of intestinal entrapment in an umbilical hernia
		Prolapsed rectum
			Prolapsed rectum in fattening pigs
			Prolapsed rectum in sows
		Tooth problems
	Surgical Conditions of the Urinary System
		Preputial damage
		Retroversion of the bladder
	Surgical Conditions of the Reproductive System
		Surgical conditions of females
			Problems at parturition
			Problems after parturition
		Surgical conditions of males
			Castration
	Surgical Conditions of the Locomotory System
		Acute lameness
			Arthrogryposis
			Fractures
			Infectious Mycoplasma lameness
			Osteochondrosis
			Slipped epiphysis of the femoral head
			Splay leg
		Chronic lameness
			Chronic septic arthritis
			Hoof abscess
			Ligament damage
		Recumbency
	Surgical Conditions of the Integument
		Abscesses
			Bites
			Burns
			Cuts
			Haematomas
	Euthanasia
		Humane endpoints
			General guide to conditions for which euthanasia is advised in sows and boars
			General guide to conditions for which euthanasia is advised in growing and fattening pigs
			General guide to conditions for which euthanasia is advised in piglets
		Euthanasia of piglets up to 10 kg
		Euthanasia of larger pigs and adults using a gun
		Chemical euthanasia
11 Domestic Poultry Medicine and Surgery
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Animal Husbandry of Chickens
		Healthy chickens
		Nutrition
			Nutrient deficiencies
		Vaccination
		Medication
	Diseases of the Gastrointestinal System
		Predominant signs
		Intestinal viral diseases found in the UK
			Coronaviral enteritis
			Duck viral enteritis
			Duck viral hepatitis
			Fowlpox
			Goose viral hepatitis
			Haemorrhagic nephritis enteritis of geese
			Newcastle disease
			Rotavirus
		Intestinal bacterial diseases found in the UK
			Avian cholera
			Campylobacter jejuni
			Escherichia coli
			Necrotic enteritis
			Salmonellosis
			Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
		Intestinal protozoal diseases found in the UK
			Coccidiosis
			Cryptosporidium spp.
			Hexamita (Spironucleosis)
			Histomoniasis
			Trichomonas
		Intestinal nematode diseases found in the UK
			Amidostomum anseris (goose gizzard worm)
			Ascaridia galli (roundworm)
			Capillaria spp.
			Echinuria uncinata
			Heterakis gallinarum (caecal worm)
			Trichostrongylus tenuis (grouse worm)
			Treatment of intestinal nematodes with licensed products in the UK
		Miscellaneous diseases of the enteric tract
			Crop impaction
			Crossed beak
			‘Dropped tongue’
			Gizzard impaction
			Pendulous crop
			Peritonitis
			Sour crop
			Starve out
			Sudden death syndrome of broiler chickens
			Vent pecking
	Diseases of the Neurological System
		Blue-green algal poisoning
		Botulism
		Chemical poisoning
			Arsenic
			Copper
			Herbicides
			Insecticides
			Lead
			Mercury
			Molluscicides
			Newcastle disease
			Phosphides
	Diseases of the Respiratory System
		Aspergillosis
		Avian chlamydiosis
		Avian infectious laryngotracheitis
		Avian influenza
		Avian tuberculosis (TB)
		Gape worms
		Infectious bronchitis
		Infectious coryza
		Leeches
		Mycoplasmosis
		Newcastle disease
		Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale
		Pasteurellosis
		Swollen head syndrome
		Turkey rhinotracheitis
	Diseases of the Circulatory System
		Chicken infectious anaemia
		Fatal haemorrhage in turkeys
		Heart attack
		Sodium toxicity
		Vitamin K deficiency
	Diseases of the Urinary System
		Eimeria truncata
		Goose astrovirus (GAstV)
		Nephritis
		Nephrosis
		Vent gleet
		Visceral gout
	Diseases of the Locomotory System
		Angel wing
		Avian encephalomyelitis
		‘Bumblefoot’
		Deformities
		Fractures
		Marek’s disease
		Rickets
		Splay leg
	Diseases of the Integument
		Ectoparasites
			Cnemidocoptes gallinae
			Dermanyssus gallinae
			Echidnophaga gallinacea
			Holomenopon spp.
			Menopon gallinae
			Ornithonyssus sylvarum
		Miscellaneous skin diseases
			Breast blisters
			Feather pecking
			Flank wounds
	Miscellaneous Systemic Diseases
		Egg drop syndrome
		Egg eating
		Egg peritonitis
		Erysipelas
		Gumboro disease (infectious bursal disease)
		Haemorrhagic enteritis
	Notifiable Diseases in the UK
		Avian influenza
		Newcastle disease
	Analgesia, Sedation and Anaesthesia
		Analgesia
		Sedation
		Anaesthesia
	Surgical Conditions and Procedures
		Cloacal prolapse
		Crop evacuation
		Egg-bound birds
		Orchidectomy
		Penile prolapse
		Salpingohysterectomy
	Diseases of Game Birds
		Enteric conditions
			Coccidiosis
			Hexamita (Spironucleosis)
			Starve out
			Trichomoniasis
			Ulcerative enteritis
		Respiratory conditions
			Infectious bronchitis
			Mycoplasmosis
			Mixed infections
		Neurological conditions
			Avian encephalomyelitis
			Listerial encephalitis
			Fungal infections
	Euthanasia
		Neck dislocation
		Chemical euthanasia
12 Notifiable Diseases
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Diseases Monitored in the UK
		The main diseases monitored in the UK
		Further diseases monitored in the UK
			African swine fever (ASF)
			Anthrax
			Aujeszky’s disease
			Brucella abortus
			Brucella melitensis
			Brucella ovis
			Classical swine fever (CSF)
			Contagious agalactia
			Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia
			Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia
			Enzootic bovine leucosis
			Goat pox
			Lumpy skin disease
			Nairobi sheep disease
			Peste des petits ruminants (PPR)
			Rift Valley fever (RVF)
			Rinderpest
			Scrapie
			Sheep pox
			Swine vesicular disease (SVD)
			Teschen disease
			Vesicular stomatitis
			Warble fly
	Diseases Monitored Worldwide
	Concluding Comments
13 Zoonotic Diseases
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Viral (and Prion) Zoonotic Diseases Categorized by their Human Medical Names
		Bovine papular stomatitis
		Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)
		Contagious pustular dermatitis
		Cowpox
		Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever
		Encephalomyocarditis
		Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD)
		Goat pox
		Influenza
		Japanese B encephalitis
		Louping ill
		Newcastle disease
		Rabies
		Rift Valley fever
		Rotaviral gastroenteritis
		Russian and Central European spring–summer encephalitis
		Scrapie
		Swine vesicular disease (SVD)
		Vesicular stomatitis
		Wesselsbron disease
		West Nile fever
	Bacterial Zoonotic Diseases Categorized by their Human Medical Names
		Actinobacillosis
		Actinomycosis
		Animal erysipelas (human erysipeloid)
		Anthrax
		Botulism
		Brucellosis
		Campylobacteriosis
		Clostridial food poisoning
		Clostridial wound infections
		Colibacillosis
		Corynebacteriosis
		Dermatophilosis
		Enterocolitic yersiniosis
		Leptospirosis
		Listeriosis
		Meliodosis
		Necrobacillosis
		Nocardiosis
		Pasteurellosis
		Salmonellosis
		Tularaemia
		Yersiniosis
		Zoonotic tuberculosis
	Chlamydial and Rickettsial Zoonotic Diseases Categorized by their Human Medical Names
		Avian chlamydiosis
		Chlamydiosis
		Q fever
	Fungal Zoonotic Diseases Categorized by their Human Medical Names
		Dermatophytosis
	Protozoal Zoonotic Diseases Categorized by their Human Medical Names
		Babesiosis
		Cryptosporidiosis
		Sarcocystosis
		Toxoplasmosis
	Parasitic Zoonotic Diseases Categorized by their Human Medical Names
		Acanthocephaliasis
		Ascariasis
		Clonorchiasis
		Coenurosis
		Dicrocoeliasis
		Echinostomiasis
		Fascioliasis
		Gastrodiscoidiasis
		Hydatidosis
		Linguatuliasis
		Myiasis caused by larvae of Oestrus ovis
		Taeniasis and cysticercosis
		Trichinosis
		Trichostrongyliasis
		Tungiasis
		Zoonotic scabies
Glossary
Index
Cabi
Back Cover
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