Fake News in Digital Cultures: Technology, Populism and Digital Misinformation

Half Title Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Contents
Acknowledgements
Chapter One:
Introduction: Digital Cultures and Fake News
	What is Fake News?
	Cultural Circulation of Fake News: Disinformation, Misinformation and Risk
	Fake News as Cultural Emergence and Cultural Crisis
	About this Book
Chapter Two:
What is Fake News? Defining Truth
	Introduction
	Truth and Post-truth
	Towards a Typology of Fake News
	The Interplay of Fake News Types: The 2021 Capitol Riots
Chapter Three:
The Cultural Emergence of Fake News I: Digital Cultures, Interactive Practices and Artificial Feeds
	Introduction
	Locating Fake News: Emergences within Digital Culture
	The Digital Culture of Interactivity, Co-creativity and Democracy
	The Dissolution of Gate-keeping and Agenda Setting
	Believability of Fake News: Online Echo Chambers in an Era of Tribalism
Chapter Four:
The Cultural Emergence of Fake News II: Postmodernism, Sensationalism and the Hyperreal
	Introduction
	Content Production and Motivation in a Postmodern, Post-truth and Late Capitalist Era
	Postmodern Culture, Sensationalism and Emotional Responses: Tabloidism as Fake News’ Model Form
	The Unrecognisability of Satire, Parody and Pastiche
	Conclusion
Chapter Five:
The Visual in an Era of Hyperreality and Disinformation: The Deepfake Video
	Introduction
	The Deepfake as New Issue for Fake News
	Deepfake’s Rise: An Interactive Postmodern Cultural Technology
	Deepfake as a Social Problem: Four Key Issues
	Conclusion
Chapter Six:
Fake News and Conspiracy Theories
	Introduction
	Conspiracy Theories and their Cultural Role
	The Networking of Conspiracy Theories
	The Postmodern Hermeneutic of Suspicion
	Fake News and the QAnon Conspiracy
	Conclusion: The Ethics of Reporting Conspiracy
Chapter Seven:
Marginalising the Marginalised: Fake News as a Tool of Populist Power
	Introduction
	Fake News and Populism’s Reinforcement of Inequitable Power Divisions
	Racial Stereotypes and Fake News
	Fake News and Black Lives Matter
	Fake News and Xenophobia in the COVID-19 Pandemic
	Conclusion
Chapter Eight:
Audiences, Trust and Polarisation in a Post-truth Media Ecology
	Introduction
	Conceptualising and Measuring Trust
	The ‘Crisis of Trust’: Audiences in a Post-truth Media Ecology
	Brexit
	Megxit
	Conclusion
Chapter Nine:
Remedying Disinformation: Communication Practice in a World of Fake News
	Introduction
	The Rise of Fact-checking Organisations and Agencies
	Informal Fact-checking Practices among Everyday Users
	The Continuing Role of Journalism
	The Regulatory Environment
	Platform Collaborations
	Digital Literacy and Media Pedagogies
	Conclusion
Chapter Ten:
Ethical Practices, Digital Citizenship and Communication Futures
	Introduction
	Beyond Regulation
	Fake News’ Violence
	Responding in Ethics to Fake News
	Conclusion
References
Index