Exploring Engineering: An Introduction to Engineering and Design, Fifth Edition [5th Ed] (Instructor's Edu Resource 1 of 2, Solution Manual & Lecture Content) (Solutions)

Cover
Physical Constants and Unit Conversion Factors
	Physical Constants
	Length
	Area
	Volume
	Mass
	Mass Density
	Force
	Energy
	Power
	Electrical Units
	The Engineering Ethics Decision Matrix
Exploring Engineering: An Introduction to Engineering and Design
Copyright
Quotes
Preface
Acknowledgments
Part 1: Lead-On
1 - What Do Engineers Do
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 What is Engineering
	1.3 What Do Engineers Do
	1.4 Where Do Engineers Work
	1.5 What is the Difference between Engineering and Technology
	1.6 What Makes a Good Engineer
	1.7 Keys to Success as an Engineering Student
	1.8 Engineering is Not a Spectator Sport
	1.9 What Are Personal Ethics
		1.9.1 The Five Cornerstones of Personal Ethical Behavior
		1.9.2 Top Ten Questions You Should Ask Yourself When Making a Personal Ethical Decision9
	1.10 What Are Professional Ethics
		1.10.1 National Society of Professional Engineers Code of Ethics for Engineers
		1.10.2 Fundamental Canons11
	1.11 Engineering Ethics Decision Matrix
	Summary
	Exercises
2 - Elements of Engineering Analysis
	2.1 INTRODUCTION
		2.2.1 DRAWING SCALE AND DIMENSIONING
	2.3 ENGINEERING VARIABLES
	2.4 ENGINEERING UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
		2.4.1 THE SI UNIT SYSTEM
		2.4.2 UNIT NAMES AND ABREVIATIONS
	2.5 SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
		2.5.1 ONLY APPLY THE SIGNIFICANT FIGURES RULE TO YOUR FINAL ANSWER
	2.6 THE “NEED-­KNOW-­HOW-­SOLVE” METHOD
	2.7 SPREADSHEET ANALYSIS
		2.7.1 CELL ADDRESSING MODES
		2.7.2 GRAPHING IN SPREADSHEETS
	SUMMARY
	EXERCISES
3 - Force and Motion
	3.1 INTRODUCTION
	3.2 WHAT IS A FORCE?
	3.3 NEWTON’S FIRST LAW (STATICS)
	3.4 NEWTON’S SECOND LAW (DYNAMICS)
	3.5 NEWTON’S THIRD LAW
	3.6 FREE-­BODY DIAGRAMS
		3.6.1 STATIC EQUILIBRIUM
		3.6.2 DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM
	3.7 WHAT IS KINEMATICS?
		3.7.1 DISTANCE, SPEED, AND ACCELERATION
		3.7.2 THE SPEED VERSUS TIME DIAGRAM
	SUMMARY
	EXERCISES
4 - Energy
	4.1 INTRODUCTION
	4.2 ENERGY HAS THE CAPACITY TO DO WORK
	4.3 DIFFERENT KINDS OF ENERGY
	4.4 ENERGY CONVERSION
	4.5 CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
	SUMMARY
	EXERCISES
5 - Engineering economics
	5.1 INTRODUCTION
	5.2 WHY IS ECONOMICS IMPORTANT?
	5.3 THE COST OF MONEY
	5.4 WHEN IS AN INVESTMENT WORTH IT?
	SUMMARY
	EXERCISES
Part 2:
Minds-On
6 - Aeronautical Engineering
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Airfoils and Lift
	6.3 The Algebra of Imaginary Numbers
	6.4 Conformal Mapping
	6.5 The Joukowski Airfoil Theory
	6.6 The Kutta Correction
	6.7 Symmetric Airfoils
		6.7.1 The Angle of Attack
	6.8 Major Factors in Aircraft Economy
	Summary
	Exercises
7 - Chemical Engineering
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Chemical Energy Conversion
	7.3 Atoms, Molecules, and Chemical Reactions
	7.4 The mol and the kmol
	7.5 Stoichiometry
		7.5.1 The Air-­To-­Fuel Ratio
	7.6 The Heating Value of Hydrocarbon Fuels
	7.7 Chemical engineering: how do you make chemical fuels
		7.7.1 Process Engineering
			7.7.1.1 Distillation
	7.8 Modern Chemical Engineering
	Summary
	Exercises
8 - Civil Engineering
	8.1 INTRODUCTION
	8.2 WHAT DO CIVIL ENGINEERS DO?
	8.3 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
		8.3.1 TRUSS STRUCTURES AND THE METHOD OF JOINTS
		8.3.2 EXAMPLE USING THE METHOD OF JOINTS
		8.3.3 SOLUTION OF THE EQUATIONS USING EXCEL
	8.4 GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
		8.4.1 PROPERTIES OF SOILS
		8.4.2 EFFECTIVE STRESS PRINCIPLE
	8.5 WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING
		8.5.1 RESERVOIR CAPACITY
		8.5.2 CONSERVATION OF MASS
		8.5.3 ESTIMATION OF REQUIRED CAPACITY AND YIELD
	8.6 TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
		8.6.1 HIGHWAY CAPACITY
		8.6.2 FOLLOW RULE FOR ESTIMATING HIGHWAY CAPACITY
	SUMMARY
	EXERCISES
9 - Computer Engineering
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Moore’s Law
	9.3 Analog Computers
	9.4 From Analog to Digital Computing
	9.5 Binary Logic
	9.6 Truth Tables
	9.7 Decimal and Binary Numbers
	9.8 Binary Arithmetic
	9.9 Binary Codes
	9.10 How Does A Computer Work
	9.11 Computer Security
	Summary
	Exercises
10 - Electrical Engineering
	10.1 INTRODUCTION
	10.2 ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
	10.3 RESISTANCE, OHM’S LAW, AND THE “POWER LAW”
	10.4 SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS
	10.5 KIRCHHOFF’S LAWS
		10.5.1 KIRCHHOFF’S VOLTAGE LAW
			10.5.1.1 Voltage dividers
		10.5.2 KIRCHHOFF’S CURRENT LAW
			10.5.2.1 Current dividers
	10.6 SWITCHES
	SUMMARY
	EXERCISES
11 - Industrial Engineering
	11.1 INTRODUCTION
	11.2 MANUFACTURING AND QUALITY CONTROL
		11.2.1 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
		11.2.2 PROBABILITY THEORY
			11.2.2.1 Probability addition
			11.2.2.2 Probability multiplication
		11.2.3 RELIABILITY ANALYSIS
		11.2.4 CALCULATING SYSTEM MTTFS
		11.2.5 DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS
	11.3 METHODS ENGINEERING
	11.4 SIMULATION ANALYSIS AND OPERATION RESEARCH
	11.5 ERGONOMICS
		11.5.1 OCCUPATIONAL ERGONOMICS
		11.5.2 COGNITIVE ERGONOMICS
	11.6 MATERIAL HANDLING
	SUMMARY
	EXERCISES
12 - Manufacturing Engineering
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 What Is Manufacturing
	12.3 Early Manufacturing
	12.4 Industrial Revolution
	12.5 Manufacturing Processes
		12.5.1 Subtractive Processes
			12.5.1.1 Turning
			12.5.1.2 Drilling
			12.5.1.3 Milling
		12.5.2 Additive Processes
		12.5.3 Continuous Processes
		12.5.4 Net Shape Processes
	12.6 Modern Manufacturing
		12.6.1 Just-­in-­Time Manufacturing
		12.6.2 Flexible Manufacturing
		12.6.3 Lean Manufacturing
		12.6.4 Life-­Cycle Manufacturing
	12.7 Variability and Six Sigma
	Summary
	Exercises
13 - Materials Engineering
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 Choosing the Right Material
	13.3 Strength
	13.4 Defining Materials Requirements
	13.5 Materials Selection
	13.6 Properties of Modern Materials
	Summary
	Exercises
14 - Mechanical Engineering
	14.1 Introduction
	14.2 Mechanical Engineering
		14.2.1 Thermal Design
		14.2.2 Machine Design
	14.3 The Elements of Thermal Design
		14.3.1 Heat Transfer
			14.3.1.1 Thermal conduction
			14.3.1.2 Thermal convection
			14.3.1.3 Thermal radiation
		14.3.2 Fluid Mechanics
			14.3.2.1 Fluid statics
			14.3.2.2 Fluid dynamics
		14.3.3 Thermodynamics
			14.3.3.1 Thermodynamic system
			14.3.3.2 The first law of thermodynamics
	14.4 The Elements of Machine Design
		14.4.1 Mechanical Behavior
		14.4.2 Machine Elements
		14.4.3 Manufacturing Processes
	Summary
	Exercises
15 - Nuclear Engineering
	15.1 Introduction
		15.1.1 Nuclear Fission
		15.1.2 Nuclear Energy
	15.2 Nuclear Power Reactors
	15.3 Neutron Moderation
	15.4 How Does a Nuclear Reactor Work
		15.4.1 Fissile Nuclei
		15.4.2 Fertile ATOMS
	15.5 The Four Factor Formula
	15.6 Fission Products and Nuclear Waste
		15.6.1 Nuclear Waste, The Achilles Heel of Nuclear Power
		15.6.2 Nuclear Accidents
	15.7 Is Nuclear Power a Viable Renewable Energy Source
	Summary
	Exercises
Part 2.1:
Interdisciplinary Engineering Fields
16 - Bioengineering
	16.1 INTRODUCTION
	16.2 WHAT BIOENGINEERS DO
	16.3 BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF INJURIES TO THE HEAD
	16.4 WHY COLLISIONS CAN KILL
	16.5 THE FRACTURE CRITERION
	16.6 THE STRESS-­SPEED-­STOPPING DISTANCE-­AREA CRITERION
	16.7 CRITERIA FOR PREDICTING EFFECTS OF POTENTIAL ACCIDENTS
	16.8 HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING
	SUMMARY
	EXERCISES
17 - Electrochemical Engineering
	17.1 INTRODUCTION
	17.2 ELECTROCHEMISTRY
	17.3 PRINCIPLES OF ELECTROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING
	17.4 LEAD-­ACID BATTERIES
	17.5 THE RAGONE CHART
	17.6 ELECTROCHEMICAL SERIES
	17.7 ADVANCED BATTERIES
	17.8 FUEL CELLS
		17.8.1 FUEL CELLS USING NOVEL FUELS
	17.9 ULTRACAPACITORS
	SUMMARY
	EXERCISES
18 - Environmental Engineering
	18.1 INTRODUCTION
	18.2 WHAT ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS DO
	18.3 HOW WE MEASURE POLLUTION
		18.3.1 POLLUTANTS IN WATER
		18.3.2 POLLUTANTS IN SOIL
		18.3.3 POLLUTANTS IN AIR
	18.4 THE MASS BALANCE EQUATION
	18.5 AIR QUALITY AND CONTROL
		18.5.1 AIR QUALITY
		18.5.2 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
	18.6 WATER QUALITY AND TREATMENT
		18.6.1 WATER QUALITY
		18.6.2 PRETREATMENT OF THE WATER SUPPLY
		18.6.3 WASTEWATER TREATMENT
	18.7 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
	18.8 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
	SUMMARY
	EXERCISES
		PROBLEMS FOR AIR QUALITY AND CONTROL
		PROBLEMS FOR WATER QUALITY AND TREATMENT
		PROBLEMS FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
		ETHICS PROBLEMS
19 - Green Energy Engineering
	19.1 INTRODUCTION
	19.2 SOLAR ENERGY
		19.2.1 PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER
		19.2.2 SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANTS
		19.2.3 SOLAR THERMAL HEATING
		19.2.4 WINDMILLS
		19.2.5 HYDROPOWER
	19.3 OTHER GREEN ENERGY SOURCES
	19.4 SUSTAINABLE ENGINEERING
		19.4.1 LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS
		19.4.2 RECYCLING
	SUMMARY
	EXERCISES
20 - Mechatronics and Physical ComputingDavid Hodgson
	20.1 INTRODUCTION
	20.2 PHYSICAL COMPUTING
		20.2.1 ACTUATORS
		20.2.2 SENSORS
			20.2.2.1 Temperature sensor
			20.2.2.2 Proximity sensors
			20.2.2.4 Ultrasonic sensor
	20.3 MICROCONTROLLERS AND ARDUINO
		20.3.1 WHAT IS ARDUINO?
		20.3.2 THE BASIC STRUCTURE OF AN ARDUINO PROGRAM (CALLED A “SKETCH”)
		20.3.3 VARIABLES AND STORING INFORMATION
	20.4 BASIC COMMUNICATION FOR MICROCONTROLLERS
		20.4.1 DIGITAL INPUT/OUTPUT
		20.4.2 SERIAL COMMUNICATION
		20.4.3 THE SERIAL MONITOR
		20.4.4 ANALOG-­TO-­DIGITAL AND DIGITAL-­TO-­ANALOG CONVERSION
	20.5 INTERFACING SENSORS AND ACTUATORS
		20.5.1 BUTTONS AND SWITCHES
		20.5.2 PASSIVE SENSORS
		20.5.3 ACTIVE SENSORS
		20.5.4 MORE COMPLEX OUTPUT DEVICES
		20.5.5 CONTROLLING HIGHER POWER ACTUATORS
	SUMMARY
	EXERCISES
Part 3:
Hands-On
21 - Introduction to Engineering Design
	21.1 INTRODUCTION
	21.2 THE NATURE OF ENGINEERING DESIGN
	21.3 DESIGN PROBLEMS VERSUS HOMEWORK PROBLEMS
	21.4 BENEFITS OF A HANDS-­ON DESIGN PROJECT
	21.5 QUALITIES OF A GOOD DESIGNER
	21.6 USING A DESIGN NOTEBOOK
	21.7 THE NEED FOR A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH
	21.8 STEPS IN THE ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS
	21.9 HANDS-­ON DESIGN EXERCISE: “THE TOWER”
		21.9.1 Setup
		21.9.2 Rules
		21.9.3 Scoring
		21.9.4 After the Exercise
	EXERCISES
22 - Design Teams
	22.1 INTRODUCTION
	22.2 HOW TO MANAGE A DESIGN TEAM PROJECT
		22.2.1 GANTT AND PERT CHARTS
	22.3 EFFECTIVE TEAMING
		22.3.1 HOW TO WRITE A GOOD MEMO
		22.3.2 TEAM BUILDING
			Communication Exercise
			Problem-­solving Exercise
			Planning Exercise
		22.3.3 TEAM LEADERSHIP
			Honesty
			Ability to delegate
			Good communication skills
			A sense of humor
			Confidence
			Commitment
			A Positive Attitude
			Creativity
		22.3.4 TEAM ASSESSMENT AND FEEDBACK
	EXERCISES
23 - Design Step 1: Defining the Problem
	23.1 INTRODUCTION
	23.2 IDENTIFYING THE NEED
	23.3 DEFINING THE PROBLEM
	23.4 LIST OF DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS
	23.5 CLARIFYING THE PROBLEM
	23.6 DESIGN MILESTONE #1: DEFINING THE PROBLEM
		23.6.1 FOR A GENERAL DESIGN PROJECT
		23.6.2 FOR DESIGN COMPETITIONS
	EXERCISES
24 - Design Step 2: Generation of Alternative Concepts
	24.1 INTRODUCTION
	24.2 BRAINSTORMING
		24.2.1 MIND MAPPING
		24.2.2 IDEATION
	24.3 CONCEPT SKETCHING
	24.4 HANDS-­ON DESIGN EXERCISE: “THE TUBE”
		24.4.1 SETUP
		24.4.2 RULES
		24.4.3 PROCEDURE
	24.5 RESEARCH-­BASED STRATEGIES FOR PROMOTING CREATIVITY
		24.5.1 ANALOGIES
		24.5.2 REVERSE ENGINEERING
		24.5.3 LITERATURE SEARCH
	24.6 FUNCTIONAL DECOMPOSITION FOR COMPLEX SYSTEMS
		24.6.1 STEP 1: DECOMPOSE THE DESIGN OBJECTIVE INTO A SERIES OF FUNCTIONS
		24.6.2 STEP 2: BRAINSTORM ALTERNATIVE CONCEPTS FOR EACH FUNCTION AND ASSEMBLE THE RESULTS IN A CLASSIFICATION SCHEME
		24.6.3 STEP 3: COMBINE FUNCTION CONCEPTS TO FORM ALTERNATIVE DESIGN CONCEPTS
		24.6.4 STEP 4: SKETCH EACH OF THE MOST PROMISING COMBINATIONS
	24.7 DESIGN MILESTONE #2: GENERATION OF ALTERNATIVE CONCEPTS
	EXERCISES
25 - Design Step 3: Evaluation of Alternatives and Selection of a Concept
	25.1 INTRODUCTION
	25.2 MINIMIZE THE INFORMATION CONTENT OF THE DESIGN
	25.3 MAINTAIN THE INDEPENDENCE OF FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
	25.4 DESIGN FOR EASE OF MANUFACTURE
	25.5 DESIGN FOR ROBUSTNESS
	25.6 DESIGN FOR ADJUSTABILITY
	25.7 HANDS-­ON DESIGN EXERCISE: “WASTE BALL”
		25.7.1 SCENARIO
		25.7.2 DESIGN OBJECTIVE
		25.7.3 SETUP
		25.7.4 RULES
		25.7.5 AFTER THE EXERCISE
	25.8 THE DECISION MATRIX
		25.8.1 EVALUATION CRITERIA
		25.8.2 PROCEDURE FOR FILLING OUT A DECISION MATRIX
			Step (1) Identify the Evaluation Criteria
				Step (2) Weight the Evaluation Criteria
				Step (3) Set Up the Decision Matrix
				Step (4) Assign Values to Each Concept
				Step (5) Calculate the Overall Value for each Concept
				Step (6) Interpret the Results
		25.8.3 ADDITIONAL TIPS ON USING DECISION MATRICES
	25.9 DESIGN MILESTONE #3: EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVES AND SELECTION OF A CONCEPT
	EXERCISES
26 - Design Step 4: Detailed Design
	26.1 INTRODUCTION
	26.2 ANALYSIS
		26.2.1 CALCULATING MECHANICAL POWER OF A BRUSHED DC MOTOR
		26.2.2 DETERMINING GEAR RATIOS
		26.2.3 COMMON MECHANICAL LINKAGES
	26.3 MECHANISM CONTROL
		26.3.1 SIMPLE CONTROL
		26.3.2 REMOTE CONTROL
		26.3.3 AUTONOMOUS CONTROL
	26.4 EXPERIMENTS
	26.5 MODELS
	26.6 DETAILED DRAWINGS
	26.7 DESIGN MILESTONE #4: DETAILED DESIGN
	EXERCISES
27 - Design Step 5: Design Defense
	27.1 INTRODUCTION
	27.2 HOW TO PREPARE AN ORAL DEFENSE
	27.3 DESIGN MILESTONE #5: ORAL DESIGN DEFENSE
		27.3.1 ASSIGNMENT
		27.3.2 TYPICAL FORMAT
		27.3.3 GRADING CRITERIA
	EXERCISES
28 - Design Step 6: Manufacturing and Testing
	28.1 INTRODUCTION
	28.2 MANUFACTURING AND TESTING STRATEGIES
	28.3 MATERIALS
	28.4 JOINING METHODS
	28.5 USEFUL HAND TOOLS
		28.5.1 TOOLS FOR MEASURING
		28.5.2 TOOLS FOR CUTTING AND SHAPING
		28.5.3 TOOLS FOR DRILLING HOLES
		28.5.4 TOOLS FOR JOINING PARTS
		28.5.5 TOOLS FOR WIRING
	28.6 DESIGN MILESTONE #6A: DESIGN FOR MANUFACTURE ASSESSMENT I
	28.7 DESIGN MILESTONE #6B: DESIGN FOR MANUFACTURE ASSESSMENT II
	EXERCISES
29 - Design Step 7: Performance Evaluation
	29.2 INDIVIDUAL PERFORMANCE TESTING
	29.3 DESIGN MILESTONE #7: INDIVIDUAL PERFORMANCE TESTING
	29.4 STAGE-­2: THE FINAL COMPETITION
	EXERCISES
30 - Design Step 8: Design Report
	30.1 INTRODUCTION
	30.2 ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT
	30.3 WRITING GUIDELINES
	30.4 TECHNICAL WRITING IS “IMPERSONAL”
	30.5 DESIGN MILESTONE #8: DESIGN REPORT
	EXERCISES
31 - Examples of Design Competitions
	31.1 INTRODUCTION
	31.2 DESIGN COMPETITION EXAMPLE 1: A BRIDGE TOO FAR
	31.3 DESIGN MILESTONE SOLUTIONS FOR A BRIDGE TOO FAR
		31.3.1 DESIGN MILESTONE 1: CLARIFICATION OF THE TASK
		31.3.2 DESIGN MILESTONE 2: GENERATION OF ALTERNATIVE CONCEPTS
		31.3.3 DESIGN MILESTONE 3: EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE CONCEPTS
			31.3.3.1 Discussion of results
		31.3.4 DESIGN MILESTONE 4: DETAILED DESIGN
			31.3.4.1 Experiments
			31.3.4.2 Analysis
			31.3.4.3 Detailed drawing
	31.4 OFFICIAL RULES FOR THE A BRIDGE TOO FAR DESIGN COMPETITION
		31.4.1 OBJECTIVE
		31.4.2 CONSTRAINTS
		31.4.3 THE GAME
		31.4.4 SCORING
		31.4.5 OTHER RULES
	31.5 DESIGN COMPETITION EXAMPLE 2: MARS METEORITE RETRIEVER CHALLENGE
	31.6 SOME DESIGN MILESTONES FOR THE MARS METEORITE RETRIEVER CHALLENGE
		31.6.1 DESIGN MILESTONE 7: PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
			31.6.1.1 Grading
		31.6.2 DESIGN MILESTONE 8: THE DESIGN REPORT
			31.6.2.1 Purpose
			31.6.2.2 Organization
			31.6.2.3 Grading
			31.6.2.4 Oral presentation
	31.7 OFFICIAL RULES FOR THE MARS METEORITE RETRIEVER CHALLENGE DESIGN COMPETITION
		31.7.1 OBJECTIVE
		31.7.2 CONSTRAINTS
		31.7.3 SCORING
		31.7.4 RULES
		31.7.5 ADDITIONAL SUPPLIES
	31.8 DESIGN COMPETITION EXAMPLE 3: AUTOMATIC AIR FRESHENER
		31.8.1 DESIGN MILESTONE 1: DEFINING THE PROBLEM
		31.8.2 DESIGN MILESTONE 2: GENERATION OF ALTERNATIVE CONCEPTS
		31.8.3 DESIGN MILESTONE 3: EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE CONCEPTS
		31.8.4 DESIGN MILESTONE 4: DETAILED DESIGN
			31.8.4.1 Mechanical design
			31.8.4.2 Electronics design with a microcontroller
	PROJECT RESOURCES
32 - Closing Remarks on the Important Role of Design Projects
Index
	A
	B
	C
	D
	E
	F
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	H
	I
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	K
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	M
	N
	O
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	Q
	R
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	U
	V
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	X
	Y
	Z
National Academy of Engineering