Explorations in the History and Heritage of Machines and Mechanisms: 8th International Symposium on History of Machines and Mechanisms (HMM2024) (History of Mechanism and Machine Science, 47)

Preface
Organization
Contents
Historic Development of Teaching and Education of Engineers
History of Drawing Robots
	1 Introduction
	2 The Drawing Automata by Jaquet-Droz and Maillardet
	3 Drawing Automata in the XIX and Early XX Centuries
	4 The Revolution of the 1950\'s: Machines as Extension of the Artist
	5 Painting Robots in the XXI Century
		5.1 Drawing Machines in the Early XXI Century
		5.2 The Use of Robotic Manipulators to Make Art
		5.3 Recent Artistic Robots and the Role of Artificial Intelligence
	6 Conclusions
	References
Italian Teaching with Models from Mechanism Catalogues in 19th Century
	1 Introduction
	2 Classifications of Mechanisms
	3 Physical Models of Mechanisms
	4 The Catalogue by Giovanni Blotto
	5 Example of Models
	6 Conclusions
	References
Newton’s Mechanics Lectures in Cambridge
	1 Introduction
	2 Excerpts from Newton Lectures
	3 Considerations on Mechanics Lectures
		3.1 Lecture 1: Definitions
		3.2 Lecture 2: Axioms and Laws of Motion
		3.3 Lecture 5: On the Discovery of Centripetal Forces
		3.4 Lecture 6: The Motion of the Bodies in Eccentric Conical Sections
	4 Final Remarks and Conclusion
	References
Science of Mechanics in the Ottoman Classical Period (14–18th Century)
	1 Introduction
	2 The Science of Mechanics in the Ottomans
	3 Mathematics and Physics Education in the Ottoman Classical Period
	4 Literature on Mechanics
	5 Conclusion
	References
Ottomans’ Mechanical Science Books in the 19th Century
	1 Introduction
	2 The Difference Between Cerr-i Eskal and Fenn-i Mihanik
	3 Textbooks Written on Machine and Mechanical Sciences in 19th Century Ottomans
		3.1 Seyid Mehmed Eşref
		3.2 Bostanîzâde Seyyid Mehmed Tâhir Pasha
		3.3 Aram Margosyan
		3.4 Ali Rıza
		3.5 Mehmet İzzet
		3.6 Ahmet Kâzım
		3.7 Ahmet Cemil
		3.8 Vidinli Tevfik Pasha
	4 Conclusions
	References
History of Machine Designs
Windmills in the Netherlands
	1 Introduction
	2 Mills Preceding the Wind Mill
	3 The First Windmills
		3.1 The Post Mill
		3.2 The Tower Mill
	4 Developments in the Netherlands in the 15th Century: Polder Mills
		4.1 The Hollow Post Mill
		4.2 Smock Polder Mills
	5 Developments in the 16th and Early 17th Centuries
		5.1 Inventions
		5.2 The Paltrok Mill
		5.3 Explosion of Industrial Mills
	6 The Smock Mill in Laren NH
	7 Concluding Remarks
	References
First Escalators and Their Inventors Until the End of the 19th Century
	1 Introduction and Background
	2 First Patents of Unbuilt Escalators
	3 First Built Escalators and Some Later Patents
	4 Conclusions
	References
The Evolution of Operating Machines for Ancient and Modern Huai’an Sluices
	1 Introduction
	2 Ancient Huai’an Continuous Sluices with Primitive Operating Machines
		2.1 Ancient Huai’an Continuous Sluices System
		2.2 The Structure of Operating Machines for Ancient Huai’an Sluices
	3 Operating Machines for Modern Huai’an Sluices
		3.1 The Earlier Accumulation of Technological Capabilities in Huai River Region
		3.2 The Design and Construction of Yangzhuang Regulator by HRCC
		3.3 The Technical Details and Sources of Operating Machines
	4 Conclusion
	References
Fuzzy Logic-Based Evaluation of Ancient Topographic Measurement Instruments and Mechanisms
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Groma
		2.2 Chorobate
		2.3 Dioptra
		2.4 Odometer
		2.5 Surveyor’s Square
	3 Methodology
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Construction Tools Used by Ottoman Architects and Engineers in the Classical Period
	1 Introduction
	2 Classical Period Construction Techniques, Materials and Tools
	3 Conclusions
	References
From Wood to Steel. The Transformation of the Mining Machinery in Mexico
	1 Introduction
		1.1 General Overview of the Historical Transformation
		1.2 Silver Process Between the 16th and 19th Centuries
	2 The Wooden Period
	3 The Steel Period
	4 Conclusions
	References
Modern Reviews of Past Works
Reconstruction of the Snail of Demetrios of Phaleron at the Dionysia Festival in Athens in 308 BC
	1 Introduction
	2 Archeological Evidence
		2.1 Ancient Self-propelled Vehicles
		2.2 The Demetrios of Phaleron’s Snail Reconstruction
	3 Traction Requirements
		3.1 Cart Traction and Draft to Weight Ratio
		3.2 Force to Pull Wheeled Implements
		3.3 Draft to Overcome an Obstacle
		3.4 Man Operated Internal Drive-Train
		3.5 The Mechanism Reconstruction
	4 Conclusions
	References
Mechanical Heritage of China’s Mountain Gun Manufacturing in the 1940s: The SOMUA Rifling Machine at North Western Industrial Corporation
	1 Introduction
	2 The Production of the Jin-Made 36 Type 75mm Mountain Gun at NWIC
	3 The SOMUA Rifling Machine for the Processing of 36 Type Barrels at NWIC
		3.1 The Structure and Operating Principles of the SOMUA Machine at NWIC
		3.2 The Import Process of the SOMUA Machine into China
	4 Conclusion
	References
An In-Depth Analysis and 3D Reconstruction of the Farga Rossell Ironworks Mechanism
	1 Introduction
	2 Iron and Its Significance in Andorra
	3 Description of the Farga Rossell Water Mill
		3.1 Structure and Components of the Mill
		3.2 The Operation of the Water Mill
		3.3 Maintenance and Technology Applied in the Era
	4 The Hammer Mill: The Heart of Farga Rossell
	5 Analysis of the Farga Rossell Mechanism
		5.1 Technological Innovations of the Period
		5.2 The Importance of Mechanical Engineering in the Operation of the Farga
		5.3 Comparison with Other Contemporary Mechanisms
		5.4 Influences and Legacy in Modern Industry
	6 3D Design Based on Farga Rossell Mechanism
	7 Conclusions
	References
Historic Development of Theories
History of Planar Linkage Coupler Point Loci for Tracing Special Coupler Curves
	1 Introduction
	2 Historical Explorations of Path Curvature
	3 Linkages, Couplers and Coupler Curves
	4 Path Curvature and Euler-Savary Equation
	5 Special Coupler Curves-I: Straight Line Linkages
		5.1 de Lahire Inflection Circle
		5.2 Bresse Circles
	6 Special Coupler Curves-II: Circular Arc Linkages
	7 Special Coupler Curves-III: Longer Straight Line Linkages
	8 Conclusion and Discussion
	References
A Historical Review of Polyhedral Linkages
	1 Introduction
	2 Fundamental Definitions of Polyhedral Geometry
	3 First Works on Polyhedral Linkages: Flexible Polyhedra
	4 Conformal Polyhedral Linkages
		4.1 Jitterbug-like Linkages
		4.2 Polyhedral Linkages with Radial Motion Planes
		4.3 Polyhedral Linkages with Planar Link Groups
		4.4 Other Conformal Polyhedral Linkages
	5 Conclusions
	References
Structural Synthesis of the Trigger Mechanism in an Ancient Japanese Automaton “Ryomon Waterfall”
	1 Introduction
	2 Design Procedure
	3 Mechanical Analysis
	4 Structural Synthesis of the Trigger Mechanism
		4.1 Design Specifications
		4.2 Atlas of Generalized Chain
		4.3 Atlas of Specialized Chain
		4.4 Atlas of Feasible Design
	5 Dimensional Design
	6 Reconstruction Manufacturing
	7 Conclusions
	References
People and Their Works
Briefs on Buonaiuto Lorini\'s Fortificationi (1609): Geometry, Machines & Mechanics into Engineering During the Renaissance
	1 A Short Introduction
	2 Historical Analysis: A Selection of Books
		2.1 Book I: On Geometry and Fortifications
		2.2 Book II: On Mechanics and Drawbridges
		2.3 Book III: A History of Fortifications
		2.4 Book IV: On Ancient Fortified Sites & Their Urban–Requalification
		2.5 Book V: On Machines and Fortifications
		2.6 Book VI: A Dialogue on Military Strategies and Fortifications
	3 Concluding Remarks
	References
Refik Fenmen and His Work on Applied Mechanics
	1 Introduction
	2 Introduction of Modern Mechanics and Engineering to the Ottomans
	3 Refik Fenmen
	4 Applied Mechanics
	5 Conclusions
	References
New Views on the Famous Ottoman Engineer Taqî al-Dîn
	1 Introduction
	2 New Views on Taqî al-Dîn’s Origin and Achievements
	3 Conclusion
	References
Betancourt Synthesis for Three-Position Problem in Mechanism Design
	1 Introduction
	2 Biographical Notes
	3 The Problem
	4 The Betancourt Procedure
	5 A Short Historical Bibliographic Note
	6 Conclusions
	References
History of Mechanism Design
The Pantograph: Rare Models and Application
	1 Introduction
	2 What is a Pantograph?
		2.1 Pantograph and Theory of Machines and Mechanisms
		2.2 Brief History
	3 Models from the Bauman Moscow State Technical University Museum
		3.1 “Nairne & Blunt” Pantograph
		3.2 “Charles Blunt” Pantograph
		3.3 “Watt Parallelogram”
		3.4 Coradi Pantograph
	4 Pantograph, Lathe and Art
		4.1 Coping Lathe
		4.2 Artists–Engravers and Medallists
	5 Pantographs in the 20th Century
	6 Conclusion
	References
Historical Significance and Modern Impact of Al-Jazari’s Elephant Clock
	1 Introduction
	2 The Mechanism of the Elephant Clock
	3 Rediscovery and Reinterpretation of the Elephant Clock
	4 Conclusions
	References
Direct Memories of the Recent Past
Italy-Spain Transfer of MMS in Modern Times
	1 Introduction
	2 Antecedents
	3 Activities for Industrialization in 19th Century
	4 Exchanges and Collaborations During 20th Century
	5 Conclusions
	References
Three Technical Reports in the Trial of Enzo Ferrari for the 1957 Mille-Miglia Car Crash
	1 Introduction
	2 Speluzzi-Madella-Rinaldi Report
	3 Francia’s Report
	4 Capocaccia-Casci-Funaioli Report
	5 Conclusions
	References
Editorial Activity of the IFToMM-PC for the History of Mechanism and Machine Science in the Period 2018–2023
	1 Introduction
	2 HMM: International Symposium on History of Machines and Mechanisms
	3 Local IFToMM Conferences
	4 Book Series on History of Mechanism and Machine Science
		4.1 Distinguished Figures in Mechanism and Machine Science
	5 Conclusions
	References
A History of LARMbot Humanoid
	1 Introduction
	2 Conceptual Design of LARMbot Humanoid
	3 LARMbot Designs
	4 LARMbot Prototypes
	5 Towards New Updates and Novel Solutions
	6 Conclusions
	References
Modeling, 3D Printing and Mechanical Analysis of Roman Patenotre
	1 Introduction
	2 The Roman Patenotre
	3 3D Modeling
		3.1 Overall View
		3.2 Main Detail Drawings
		3.3 Layout
	4 Study Hypothesis
	5 Similarity Analysis
	6 Conclusions
	References
Author Index