Experimental combustion : an introduction

 Content: 1.Introduction to Combustion --
 1.1.Introduction --
 1.2.Definition of Fuel/Oxidizer --
 1.3.Kinds of Fuels and Oxidizers --
 1.4.Stoichiometry --
 1.5.Ideal Gas Mixture --
 1.6.Heat of Formation and Reaction --
 1.7.Adiabatic Flame Temperature --
 1.8.Chemical Kinetics --
 1.9.Flame --
 1.10.Premixed Flame --
 1.10.1.Thermal Analysis of a Planar Laminar Flame --
 1.10.2.Methods of Measuring Flame Speed --
 1.11.Diffusion Flames --
 1.12.Gaseous Jet Flame --
 1.12.1.Physical Description of a Jet Flame --
 1.12.2.Phenomenological Analysis --
 1.13.Liquid Droplet Combustion --
 1.13.1.Droplet Burning Time --
 1.13.2.Droplet Combustion in Convective Flow --
 References --
 2.Elements of Measurement Systems --
 2.1.Introduction --
 2.2.What Is Measurement? --
 2.3.Fundamentals of Measurement Methods --
 2.4.Elements of Generic Measuring System --
 2.5.Types of Transducers --
 2.6.Basic Requirements of a Transducer --
 2.7.Performance Characteristics of a Measuring Device --
 Contents note continued: 2.7.1.Static Performance Characteristics --
 2.7.2.Dynamic Performance Characteristics --
 References --
 3.Data Acquisition --
 3.1.Introduction --
 3.2.Data Acquisition System --
 3.3.Signal Conditioning Systems --
 3.3.1.Signal Amplifiers --
 3.3.2.Operational Amplifier --
 3.3.3.Differential Amplifier --
 3.4.Signal Filtering System --
 3.4.1.Analog Filters --
 3.4.2.Active Filters --
 3.4.3.Digital Filters --
 3.5.Sampling and Data Acquisition --
 3.6.A/D and D/A Conversion --
 3.6.1.Digital-to-Analog Conversion --
 3.6.2.Analog-to-Digital Conversion --
 3.6.3.Successive Approximation A/D Converter --
 3.7.Data Storage and Display --
 References --
 4.Data Analysis --
 4.1.Introduction --
 4.2.Critical Analysis of Experimental Data --
 4.3.Experimental Error Analysis --
 4.4.Uncertainty in Experimental Data --
 4.5.General Uncertainty Analysis --
 4.5.1.Applications of the Uncertainty Analysis --
 4.6.Statistical Analysis of Data --
 4.6.1.Normal Error Distribution --
 Contents note continued: 4.6.2.Student's t Distribution --
 4.7.Data Visualization and Analysis --
 4.8.Graphical Analysis --
 4.8.1.Choice of Graphical Format --
 4.9.Regression Analysis --
 4.9.1.Least-Square Regression Method --
 4.9.2.Multivariable Regression Analysis --
 4.10.Report Writing --
 References --
 5.Thermal Flow Measurements --
 5.1.Introduction --
 5.2.Pressure Measurement --
 5.2.1.Manometers --
 5.2.2.Elastic Pressure Transducers --
 5.2.3.Dynamic Pressure Transducers --
 5.2.4.Piezoelectric Pressure Transducers --
 5.3.Sound Pressure Level Measurements --
 5.3.1.Sound Measurement Devices --
 5.4.Gas Velocity Measurements --
 5.4.1.Pitot-Static Probe Method --
 5.4.2.Three-Hole Probe --
 5.4.3.Five-Hole Pitot Probe --
 5.4.4.Hot Wire Anemometers --
 5.5.Temperature Measurements --
 5.5.1.Thermocouples --
 5.5.2.Thermocouple Probes --
 5.5.3.Temperature Corrections in a Bare Thermocouple --
 5.5.4.Suction Pyrometers --
 5.5.5.Unsteady Temperature Measurements --
 5.6.Flow Meters --
 Contents note continued: 5.6.1.Obstruction Flow Meters --
 5.6.2.Variable Area Flow Meters --
 5.6.3.Mass Flow Meters --
 References --
 6.Gas Composition Measurements --
 6.1.Introduction --
 6.2.Quantification of Composition --
 6.3.Sampling Systems --
 6.3.1.Sampling Probes --
 6.3.2.Molecular Beam Sampling Probe --
 6.3.3.Langmuir Probe --
 6.4.Analytical Methods for Combustion Product Measurement --
 6.4.1.Orsat Apparatus --
 6.4.2.Flame Ionization Detector --
 6.4.3.Thermal Conductivity Detectors --
 6.4.4.Gas Chromatography --
 6.4.5.Mass Spectroscopy --
 6.4.6.Spectroscopic Technique --
 6.5.Luminescence-Based Analyzer --
 6.6.Electrochemical Gas Analyzers --
 6.7.Paramagnetic Oxygen Analyzers --
 6.8.Smoke Meters --
 References --
 7.Optical Combustion Diagnostics --
 7.1.Introduction --
 7.2.Types of Light Sources --
 7.3.Laser Lights --
 7.3.1.Types of Lasers --
 7.3.2.He-Ne Lasers --
 7.3.3.Argon-Ion Lasers --
 7.3.4.Nd-YAG Lasers --
 7.3.5.Dye Lasers --
 7.4.Basic Principles of Light Scattering --
 Contents note continued: 7.4.1.Rayleigh Scattering --
 7.4.2.Mie Scattering --
 7.4.3.Bragg Scattering and Brillouin Scattering --
 7.4.4.Raman Scattering --
 7.4.5.Fluorescence Emission --
 7.5.Flow Visualization --
 7.6.Flame Visualization --
 7.6.1.Luminous Photography --
 7.6.2.Chemiluminescence Photography --
 7.6.3.Optical Flame Visualization --
 7.7.Light Refraction in an Inhomogeneous Medium --
 7.8.Schlieren Methods --
 7.8.1.Two-lens Schlieren Arrangement --
 7.8.2.Twin-mirror Schlieren Arrangement --
 7.9.Shadowgraph Methods --
 7.10.Interferometry --
 7.11.Laser-Based Optical Velocimetry --
 7.12.Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) --
 7.12.1.Doppler Effect --
 7.12.2.Dual Beam LDV System --
 7.12.3.Signal Processing and Data Analysis --
 7.13.Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) --
 7.13.1.Basic Principles of a PIV System --
 7.13.2.Particle Image Locations --
 7.13.3.Image Processing in PIV --
 7.13.4.Seeding Particles for PIV --
 7.14.Planar-Laser-Induced Fluorescence Method --
 Contents note continued: 7.14.1.Concentration Measurement --
 7.14.2.Details of the PLIF System --
 7.15.Rayleigh Temperature Measurement --
 References.
 Abstract:             "This book explains fundamentals essential for carrying out the experiments and analyzing and interpreting the results and, detailed description and methodology of the individual experiments. First part of the book covers fundamentals of combustion, details of instruments used in combustion experiments with end of the chapter worked out examples. The second part of the book deals with individual experiments pertaining to combustion and spray. The objective of conducting the particular experiment is stated clearly with the underlying theory behind it, and the experimental procedure to arrive at the results is given in a practical, pedagogical way. Besides this, all the relevant information about the construction of experimental setup is also discussed extensively"