Experiment Design for Environmental Engineering

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
Preface
Acknowledgments
Authors
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 How to Design an Engineering Experiment
	2.1 Defining the Question to Be Answered
	2.2 Defining the Variables Involved in a Question
	2.3 Measuring and Controlling the Variables
	2.4 Evaluation of Potential Interferences That Can Occur
	2.5 Minimizing, Avoiding, or Accounting for the Effects of Interferences
	2.6 Sensitivity Analyses of Experimental Data
	2.7 Safety Considerations in Experiment Design
Chapter 3 Sampling Source Media
	3.1 Sampling Water and Other Liquids
	3.2 Sampling Soil or Other Solids
	3.3 Sampling Air and Other Gases
	3.4 Sampling Health and Safety Plans
Chapter 4 Expected Outcomes and Interpretation of Data
	4.1 Expected Outcomes
	4.2 Interpretation of the Data
	4.3 Uncertainty Considerations
	4.4 Estimating Future Parameter Values
	4.5 Probability
		4.5.1 Probability as Basis of Statistics
		4.5.2 Estimating Probabilities in Experimentation
		4.5.3 Misuse of Probability Data
		4.5.4 Number of Data Points Needed
		4.5.5 Selective Use of Data
		4.5.6 Cause and Effect vs. Correlation
	4.6 Risk
Chapter 5 Model Design Methodology
	5.1 Discussion
	5.2 Model Format
	5.3 Experiment Design Format Model
Chapter 6 Laboratory Report
	6.1 Conversion of Theory to Experimental Output Data
	6.2 Compare and Contrast Experimental Output Data to Existing Literature
	6.3 Suggested Laboratory Report Template
Chapter 7 Effective Presentation of the Data in Outcome Reports
Chapter 8 Designing Research Experiment Projects
	8.1 Research to Assess Standard Sample Drying Protocols
	8.2 Research to Assess Standard Indicator Organisms
	8.3 Research Recommendations
Chapter 9 General Experiments
	Experiment 9.1: Turbidity Meter Calibration
	Experiment 9.2: Calibration of Spectrophotometers
	Experiment 9.3: Jar Test Procedure
	Experiment 9.4: Duct Tape Permeability Test
	Experiment 9.5: Determination of Specific Heat Capacity
	Experiment 9.6: Determination of Insulation R-Values for Various Materials
	Experiment 9.7: Headspace Analysis for the Presence of Volatile Organic Compounds
	Experiment 9.8: Surface Runoff Rate Determination and Volume Calculation
	Experiment 9.9: Water Filtration Media Evaluation
	Experiment 9.10: Water Filtration Media Evaluation Remote Area Options
Chapter 10 Oil and Petroleum-Based Experiments
	Experiment 10.1: Solubility of Oil in Water as a Function of Salinity
	Experiment 10.2: Gasoline Fingerprinting
	Experiment 10.3: Determination of Porosity and Void Ratio in Soil
Chapter 11 Oxygen and BOD Experiments
	Experiment 11.1: Calibration of DO Meter by Winkler Method
	Experiment 11.2: Oxygen Transfer Rate Determination
	Experiment 11.3: Maximum DO Concentration in Water as a Function of Temperature and Salinity
	Experiment 11.4: 5-Day BOD Test with Determination of Exertion Rate k
Chapter 12 Environmental Microbiology Experiments
	Experiment 12.1: Total coliforms and E. coli By IDEXX Quantitrays® and Colilert® Most Probable Number Methodologies
	Experiment 12.2: Field Testing and Quantification of Total Coliforms and E. coli by Colilert and Petrifilm Methodologies
	Experiment 12.3: Viral Indicators Coliphage Quantification Based on Easyphage Method
	Experiment 12.4: Comparison of Disinfection Methods
	Experiment 12.5: Comparison of Disinfection Methods: Remote Area Options
Chapter 13 Water Quality Experiments
	Experiment 13.1: Introduction to Water Quality Parameters
	Experiment 13.2: pH As a Function of Acid/Base Concentration With pH Neutralization Calculations
	Experiment 13.3: Determination of Mean Cell Residence Time in a Dispersed Plug Flow Reactor
	Experiment 13.4: Determination of Surface Water Evaporation Rate
	Experiment 13.5: Characterization of Pond, Lake, or Stream Foam
Chapter 14 Contaminant Removal Experiments
	Experiment 14.1: Determination of Contaminant Removal Rate
	Experiment 14.2: Technique for Metal Ion Precipitation from Water
	Experiment 14.3: Separation of Liquid Phase Components through a Distillation Process
	Experiment 14.4: Technique for Potable Water Softening
	Experiment 14.5: Coagulation, Flocculation, and Sedimentation for the Removal of Organic and Inorganic Water Contaminants
	Experiment 14.6: Determination of Granular Media Suitability for Use in Granular Media Filters
	Experiment 14.7: Analysis of Suspended Solids in Water
	Experiment 14.8: Analysis of Total Solids in Water
Appendix
Bibliography
Index