Evolution in Signal Processing and Telecommunication Networks: Proceedings of Sixth International Conference on Microelectronics, Electromagnetics and ... Notes in Electrical Engineering, 839)

Organizing Committee
Preface
Contents
About the Editors
Analysis of Throughput and Spectral Efficiency of the CR Users with Channel Allocation
	1 Introduction
	2 Performance Parameters
	3 System Model of a Network with CR Users and Primary Users
	4 Simulation Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
On Performance Improvement of Wireless Push Systems Via Smart Antennas
	1 Introduction
	2 Resource Allocation Technique
	3 Proposed System
	4 Simulation Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Hybridization of RF Switch and Related Aspects
	1 Introduction
	2 Thin Film Technology for Hybridization
		2.1 Feasibility Study
		2.2 Component Selection
		2.3 Layout Generation
		2.4 Thin Film Technique
	3 New Processes Qualified
		3.1 Wire Bonding of 1.5 mil Gold Wire
		3.2 Soldering of SMT Components
	4 Realization of Prototype Module
	5 Test Setup and Results
	6 Conclusion
	References
Estimation of Gender Using Convolutional Neural Network
	1 Introduction
	2 Implementation of Convolutional Neural Network
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Human Abnormal Activity Detection in the ATM Surveillance Video
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Human Abnormal Activity Detection in ATM Surveillance Videos
		3.1 Feature Extraction
		3.2 Abnormal Event Recognition: SVM Classifier
	4 Experimental Result Analysis
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Moving Object Detection Using Optical Flow and HSV
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Propagation of Data Using Free Space Under Different Weather Conditions
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Transmitter
		1.2 Atmospheric Channel
		1.3 Receiver
	2 System Design and Analysis
	3 Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
BEP Analysis of Filter Bank Multicarrier Under IQ Imbalance
	1 Introduction
	2 Contributions
	3 IQ Imbalance
		3.1 Mathematical Modelling
	4 FBMC
	5 Pruned DFT-s FBMC
	6 Simulation Results
	7 Conclusion
	References
Optical Letter Recognition for Roman-Text
	1 Introduction
	2 Ease of Use
		2.1 Use of OCR
		2.2 Working of OCR
		2.3 Need of OCR
	3 OCR Procedure Details
		3.1 Steps Associated with OCR Processor
	4 Outcomes and Analysis
	5 Final Thoughts
	6 Future Scope
	References
Visual Words based Static Indian Sign Language Alphabet Recognition using KAZE Descriptors
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Indian Sign Language Recognition Based on KAZE Descriptors and Multilayer Perceptron Classifier
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Experimental Setup and Dataset
	5 Conclusion
	References
Intensified Gray Wolf Optimization-based Extreme Learning Machine for Sentiment Analysis in Big Data
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Problem Statement
		1.2 Research Objective
	2 Literature Review
	3 Intensified Gray Wolf Optimization-based Extreme Learning Machine
		3.1 Intensified Gray Wolf Optimization (IGWO)
		3.2 Extreme Learning Machine
	4 Dataset and Performance Metrics
		4.1 Dataset
		4.2 Performance Metrics
	5 Results and Discussion
		5.1 Accuracy Analysis
		5.2 F-measure Analysis
	6 Conclusion
	References
Wideband Substrate Integrated Waveguide Based Dual-Polarized Antenna for Satellite Applications in Ku-Band
	1 Introduction
	2 Wideband Dual-Polarized Antenna
		2.1 Design and Working
		2.2 Surface Current Distribution
	3 Simulated Results
		3.1 Study of Parameter Variation
	4 Conclusion
	References
Detection of COVID-19 and Classification of Pneumonia Using Deep Neural Networks Algorithms
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Methods and Materials
		3.1 Proposed Approach
		3.2 Data sets
		3.3 Data Pre-processing
		3.4 Proposed Neural Networks
	4 Result Analysis
		4.1 ResNet-18 Result Analysis—Confusion Matrix
		4.2 Resnet-50 Result Analysis—Confusion Matrix
		4.3 Comparison Between Two Models
	5 Conclusion
	References
Design of Arrayed Rectangular Probe Patch Antenna at 6.2 GHz for 5G Small Cell Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Design of Arrayed Rectangular Probe Patch Antenna
		2.1 Rectangular Probe Patch Antenna
		2.2 4 × 4 Arrayed Rectangular Probe Patch Antenna
	3 Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Design and Analysis of Fractal Loop Antenna Array for Rectenna Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Hilbert Fractal Loop Antenna Design
	3 Development of Two-Element (1 × 2) Antenna Array and Its Performance Characteristics
		3.1 Reflection Coefficient Versus Frequency Characteristics
		3.2 Far-Field Radiation Characteristics
	4 Conclusion
	References
Design of High Isolation MIMO Antennas for Ultra-Wide Band Communication
	1 Introduction
	2 Design of Two-Element Antenna System
		2.1 Proposed Antenna Geometry
		2.2 Single-Element UWB Antenna
		2.3 Simulation and Analysis of Two-Element MIMO Antenna
	3 Design of Four-Element Antenna System
		3.1 Layout of 4 Port (2 × 2) MIMO antenna
		3.2 Simulation Results of Four-Element MIMO Array
		3.3 Realized Gain and Directivity
	4 Radiation Characteristics of Four-Port Antenna System
	5 Conclusion
	References
Energy Detector and Diversity Techniques for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing
	1 Introduction
	2 Spectrum Sensing
	3 Energy Detector
	4 Diversity Techniques
	5 Cooperative Spectrum Sensing
	6 Simulation Results and Discussion
	7 Conclusion
	References
Classification of Non-fluctuating Radar Target Using ReliefF Feature Selection Algorithm
	1 Introduction
	2 Data Set
	3 Feature Extraction
	4 Feature Selection
	5 Classifiers
		5.1 Support Vector Machine
	6 Experimental Results
		6.1 Data Generation
		6.2 Feature Extraction
	7 Conclusions
	References
A Deep Comprehensive 3D Modelling for the Prediction of Coronavirus on Medical Scans of COVID-19 Patients
	1 Introduction
	2 Survey
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Datasets
		3.2 VGG16
		3.3 Inception v3
		3.4 ResNet50
		3.5 MobileNet v2
		3.6 EfficientNet b0
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Feature Extraction of ECG Signal Using Variational Mode Decomposition
	1 Introduction
	2 Variational Mode Decomposition
	3 Feature Extraction Process
	4 Conclusion
	References
Plant Disease Identification Based on Leaf Images Using Deep Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Our Approach
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Dataset
		4.2 Experimental Results
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
An Improved Unsharp Masking (UM) Filter with GL Mask
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Unsharp Masking Filter
		2.1 Background of Conventional UM
		2.2 Grunwald–Letnikov (GL) Mask
		2.3 Improved UM Filter
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Image Quality Assessment
		3.2 Experimental Results
		3.3 Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Segmentation of Microscopy Images Using Guided Filter and Otsu Thresholding
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Method for Segmentation of Microscopy Images
		2.1 Guided Image Filter (GIF)
		2.2 Otsu Thresholding
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Image Quality Assessment
		3.2 Experimental Results
		3.3 Discussions
	4 Conclusion
	References
Contrast Enhancement of CT-Scan Images of Lungs Using Morphological Filters
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Design Methodology
		2.1 Overview of Morphological Filter (MF)
		2.2 Proposed MF Combination
		2.3 IQA
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Experimental Values
	4 Conclusion
	References
Review of Different Binarization Techniques Used in Different Areas of Image Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Document Image Processing
		2.2 Binarization of Medical Images
		2.3 Binarization of Scene Images and Video Text Images
	3 Some Other Areas Where Image Binarization is Used
		3.1 Face Detection
		3.2 Hand Gesture Recognition
		3.3 Fingerprint Recognition
		3.4 Iris Recognition
		3.5 Gait Recognition
	4 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
Deciphering Flash Flood-Induced LULC Dynamics Using Remote Sensing Technology and Statistical Indices
	1 Introduction
	2 Study Area
	3 Methods
		3.1 Land Use and Land Cover Classification
		3.2 Division of Study Area into Grids
		3.3 Spatial Dynamic Degree and Tendency Index
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Spatial Dynamic Degree Index Analysis of LULC Classes
		4.2 Tendency Index Analysis of LULC Classes
		4.3 Comprehensive Spatial Dynamic Degree Grid Wise
		4.4 Comprehensive Tendency Index Grid Wise
		4.5 Driving Factor to Change the LULC Within the Grids
		4.6 Grid-Wise LULC Change Pattern Analysis
	5 Conclusions
	References
Construing Crop Health Dynamics Using UAV-RGB based SpaceTech Analytics and Image Processing
	1 Introduction
	2 Study Area
	3 Research Methodology
		3.1 Collection and Pre-processing of Data
		3.2 Classification of Data and Association Analysis
		3.3 Assessment of Crop Yield Scenario Using Hybrid Framework Comprised of Digital Image Processing Methods and Spectral Indices
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Crop Phenology Dynamics Using Spectral Indices and Greenness Index
		4.2 Estimation of Wheat Ear Count pattern using Digital Image Processing Methods
	5 Conclusions
	References
360° Video Summarization: Research Scope and Trends
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Video Summarization Techniques
	2 Challenges of Video Summarization
	3 Literature Survey
	4 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Performance Analysis of Underwater Acoustic Communication System with Massive MIMO-OFDM
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Statement
		2.1 Design Parameters of UWC
	3 Proposed Method
	4 UWC Massive MIMO Hardware Design Model
	5 Results
	6 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Comparison of Feature Reduction Techniques for Change Detection in Remote Sensing
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Description of Dataset
	4 Proposed Framework
		4.1 Input Dataset
		4.2 Calculation of Difference Image
		4.3 Feature Extraction and Dimensionality Reduction
		4.4 K-Means Clustering
		4.5 Calculation of the Percentages Clustering
	5 Results and Observations
	6 Conclusion
	References
Human Action Recognition in Videos Using Deep Neural Network
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Proposed Work
		3.1 Project Design Methodology
		3.2 Architecture Diagram
		3.3 Overview of Algorithm Used
	4 Dataset and Tools
	5 Results and Observations
		5.1 Description of Results and Observations
		5.2 Failed Recognitions
		5.3 Fieldwork Details
	6 Societal Benefits
	7 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Circular Ring Patch Antenna Array at 20.2 GHz with Circular Polarization in SATCOM Applications Using CST
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Honey Comb Grid Using MATLAB for 100 Array Elements in Phased Array
		1.2 Design of Circular Ring Patch in CST
		1.3 Polarization
		1.4 Gain(G) Versus Frequency
	2 Conclusion
	References
Drowsiness Detection System for Drivers Using 68 Coordinate System
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Drowsiness Detection Conditions
		3.2 The 68 Coordinate System
		3.3 System Flowchart
		3.4 Approach
		3.5 Test Cases
		3.6 Result and Analysis
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	6 Future Scope
	References
Improve PV System with MPPT Technique by Using Chaotic Whale Optimization Algorithm
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Model of a Solar Cell
	3 The Basic WOA
		3.1 Encircling Prey
		3.2 Bubble-Net Attacking
		3.3 Searching for Prey
	4 Literature Survey
	5 Proposed Methodology
	6 Results
	7 Conclusion
	References
A Novel Cuckoo Search with Levy Distribution-Optimized Density-Based Clustering Model on MapReduce for Big Data Environment
	1 Introduction
	2 The Proposed CSLD-ODBC Technique
		2.1 Overview of DBSCAN Technique
		2.2 Cuckoo Search with Levy Distribution
		2.3 Fitness Function of CSLD-ODBC Technique
		2.4 Parallelization of CSLD-ODBC on MapReduce Architecture
	3 Experimental Evaluation
	4 Conclusion
	References
Taxonomy on Breast Cancer Analysis Using Neural Networks
	1 Introduction
	2 Mammography
	3 Ultrasound
	4 Wisconsin Dataset
	5 Histopathology Images
	6 Experimental Results
	7 Conclusion
	References
Circle-to-circle Fractal Antenna Fed by Microstrip for Tri-band Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Design of an Antenna
	3 Results and Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Comprehensive Study of Linear Antenna Arrays Using Nature-inspired Algorithms
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Statement
	3 Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Automatic Modulation Recognition of Analog Modulation Signals Using Convolutional Neural Network
	1 Introduction
	2 Deep Learning Approaches
	3 Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
	4 Simulation Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Design of Wearable Microstrip Patch Antenna for Biomedical Application with a Metamaterial
	1 Introduction
	2 Review of Wearable Antenna
	3 Proposed Antenna Design
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Challenges
	6 Conclusion
	References
Emotion Recognition from Speech Audio Signals Using Convolution Neural Network Model Architectures
	1 Introduction
	2 Solution Overview
	3 Data Sources
	4 Features
	5 Modeling
		5.1 Model Pipeline
		5.2 CNN Model Architecture Implemented
	6 Results
	7 Conclusion
	References
Performance Analysis of Automatic Modulation Recognition Using Convolutional Neural Network
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Model
	3 Experimental Setup
	4 Simulation Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Real-Time Image Enhancement Using DCT Techniques for Video Surveillance
	1 Introduction
	2 Existing Fusion Techniques for Image Enhancement
	3 Proposed Algorithm for Real-Time Images
	4 Analysis of Proposed Algorithm Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Novel Semi-blind Digital Image Watermarking Using Fire Fly Algorithm
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Preliminaries
	4 Proposed Watermarking Scheme
	5 Results and Discussions
	6 Conclusion
	References
Antenna Array Synthesis of Shaped Beam Using Deterministic Method
	1 Introduction
	2 Field Pattern of Arrays
	3 Quasi-Newton Method
	4 Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Miniaturized Edge Slotted Dual-Band PIFA Antenna for Wearable Medical Applications at 2–9 GHz
	1 Introduction
	2 Antenna Design
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Nearest Neighbor Classification of Remote Sensing Images with the Statistical Features and PCA-Based Features
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Wavelet Decomposition
		2.2 Texture Feature Extraction and Feature Selection
		2.3 Classification
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 2D Wavelet Decomposition
		3.2 Preprocessing
		3.3 Texture Feature Extraction
		3.4 Optimal Features
		3.5 Classification
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Nanoplasmonic Ultra-wideband Antenna for Wireless Communications
	1 Introduction
	2 The Geometry of Plasmonic Antenna
	3 Parametric Study of the Antenna
	4 Conclusion
	References
Intelligent Noise Detection and Correction with Kriging on Fundus Images of Diabetic Retinopathy
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Kriging Interpolation
	4 Proposed Method
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
A Secure and Optimal Path Hybrid Ant-Based Routing Protocol with Hope Count Minimization for Wireless Sensor Networks
	1 Introduction
	2 Security Issues and Threats in Wireless Sensor Networks
		2.1 Security Services or Requirements
		2.2 Security Issues in Wireless Sensor Networks
		2.3 Threats and Issues in Wireless Sensor Networks
	3 ‘ACOMHC’ Routing Scheme
		3.1 Network Topology Generation-MHC
		3.2 Route discovery—ACO Technique
		3.3 Route Selection—ACO Technique
		3.4 Routing Security—Watchdog Mechanism
		3.5 Data Forwarding
	4 Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Author Index