Evolution and Human Behavioural Diversity ()

Front cover......Page 1
Copyright......Page 2
Contents......Page 3
Introduction......Page 5
Asking questions about behaviour......Page 6
Human behavioural ecology......Page 7
Evolutionary psychology......Page 8
Cultural evolution......Page 9
Examples of integration......Page 10
Variation and universals......Page 11
Cultural change as an evolutionary process......Page 12
Conclusions......Page 13
REFERENCES......Page 14
What role does genetic variation play?......Page 17
Frequency-dependent payoffs......Page 18
Conditional strategies......Page 19
Niche diversification......Page 20
Institutional evolution......Page 21
REFERENCES......Page 22
Introduction......Page 25
The evidence for quantity-quality trade-offs......Page 26
Socioecological context......Page 27
Methodological issues......Page 28
Resources and reproductive success......Page 29
Quantity-quality trade-offs in modern populations......Page 30
The influence of modernization on sibling competition......Page 31
REFERENCES......Page 32
Introduction......Page 36
Ethnographic context......Page 37
Wealth measures......Page 38
Analysis and modelling strategy......Page 39
Results......Page 40
Discussion......Page 43
We acknowledge the support of Louis Leakey Foundation and the Division of Social Science (University of California at Davis) for support of fieldwork, the friendship and infinite patience of the families in Mirumba, and the suggestions of Sam Bowles, Mark Grote, Mike Gurven, Rebecca Sear, Eric Smith and two anonymous reviewers on the analysis or the manuscript. This paper is dedicated to Bill Irons who retired from his academic career at Northwestern University in May 2010, and whose ideas persist.......Page 46
REFERENCES......Page 47
Flexibility in reproductive timing: ultimate explanations......Page 49
Genetic polymorphisms......Page 52
Developmental induction......Page 53
Higher order cognitive processes......Page 54
REFERENCES......Page 55
Mate-choice copying in non-human species: a brief review......Page 58
The benefits of learning......Page 59
Cultural variation in preference and the spread of preference for traits: extending social learning beyond the observed pairs......Page 60
Stimuli......Page 61
Results......Page 62
Generalizing social learning and cross-cultural differences in preference......Page 63
Summary and conclusions......Page 64
REFERENCES......Page 65
Introduction......Page 68
Terminology......Page 69
Language universals and ‘universal grammar’......Page 70
Universal grammar and Noam Chomsky......Page 71
The diversity of human languages......Page 73
A
 biological perspective on language diversity......Page 74
‘General’ versus ‘specialized’ mechanisms as a false dichotomy......Page 75
Synthesis: a formal perspective on unity and diversity......Page 76
REFERENCES......Page 78
Introduction: the problem of parasites......Page 81
The variability of disgust......Page 82
Trait-based variation in disgust sensitivity......Page 83
State variation in disgust sensitivity......Page 84
Social learning from culture......Page 85
Group-level hygiene behaviour and its effect on pathogens......Page 86
The effects of culture on disgust and hygiene......Page 87
Discussion: the disease avoidance system......Page 88
Conclusions......Page 89
REFERENCES......Page 90
Adaptiveness and maladaptiveness in cultural evolution......Page 94
Testing hypotheses about adaptation in human cultural behaviour through cross-cultural comparison......Page 95
How social behaviour is adapted to subsistence strategies......Page 96
Cultural phylogenetics......Page 97
Data......Page 99
Results and discussion......Page 100
Conclusions......Page 101
REFERENCES......Page 102
Introduction......Page 104
Conditional probability functions of appearance and disappearance......Page 105
An example of complex cumulative cultural evolution......Page 106
Independent cultural elements......Page 107
Differentiation......Page 108
Combinations......Page 109
Rivalling systems......Page 110
The evolution of cultural diversity......Page 111
Conclusion......Page 113
References......Page 114
Introduction
......Page 116
Individual decision process......Page 117
Abundance distribution and measure of cultural homogeneity......Page 118
Random copying......Page 119
Culturally structured population......Page 121
Norms......Page 122
Discussion
......Page 123
Linear updating......Page 125
Infinite population size......Page 126
References......Page 127
Introduction......Page 128
Innateness and the genetic origins of traits......Page 129
Innateness and developmental robustness......Page 131
Innateness: clutter or cluster?......Page 132
Why letting go of innateness is hard......Page 133
REFERENCES......Page 134
Introduction: human diversity and the concept of human nature......Page 136
Folkbiology and the vernacular concept of innateness......Page 138
Stimuli......Page 139
Comparison of the three studies......Page 140
Discussion......Page 141
Future directions......Page 142
Implications for understanding human evolution and diversity......Page 143
REFERENCES......Page 144
Evolution, learning and culture......Page 146
Human culture......Page 147
Social constructions......Page 149
Important questions......Page 152
REFERENCES......Page 153
Erratum to Implications of a 3.472-3.333-Gyr-old subaerial microbial mat from the Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa for the UV environmental conditions on the early Earth......Page 156
Theme issue ‘Cultural and linguistic diversity: evolutionary approaches’ compiled and edited by James Steele, Peter Jordan and Ethan Cochrane......Page 157
Back cover......Page 159