European Variations as a Key to Cooperation (Research for Policy)

Preface
This Is What We Have Agreed In Europe
Contents
About the Editors
Acronyms and Abbreviations
1 Introduction
	1.1 Room for Variation in the European Union
	1.2 Opening Positions in the Debate on the Future of European Integration
	1.3 Democracy in Plural
	1.4 Variation Is More Than Differentiation
	1.5 The Netherlands in the European Union
	1.6 Europe in the World
	1.7 Structuring Principles of the European Union
	1.8 Structure of the Book
2 The Tension Between Image and Reality
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 The ‘Maastricht Gateway’
	2.3 After ‘Maastricht’
	2.4 An Historical Perspective on the Present
	2.5 The Concept of Functionalist Development
	2.6 Conclusion: Integration Through Variation and the Politics of Circumstance
3 Growing Frictions
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 The Western Context of ‘Embedded Liberalism’
	3.3 Social Protection Gives Way to Market Liberalisation
	3.4 Globalisation and the Problem of Alienation
	3.5 Solidarity and ‘Demoicracy’
	3.6 Conclusion: Social Embeddedness Under Pressure
4 Beyond the Institutional Form: Motivations for Collective Action
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Introduction to the Matrix: Two Axes
	4.3 European Integration as a Collective Action
	4.4 Motivations for European Collective Action
	4.5 Institutional Order
	4.6 Conclusion: Community Cooperation and Its Limitations
5 Variation and the Internal Market
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 A Social Market Economy: Work in Progress
	5.3 Variation Within the Internal Market
	5.4 Conclusion: Principles Leave Room for Manoeuvre
6 Variations in the European Union
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Three Dimensions of Variation
	6.3 A Guideline to Variation
	6.4 Variation in Membership/Members
	6.5 Assessing the Desirability of Variation in Membership/Members
	6.6 Conclusion: Dealing Proactively with Variation
7 Variation and the Euro
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 The Two Logics and the Current Impasse
	7.3 Variation as a Possible Solution to Coordination Problems in the Euro Area: An Initial Exploration
	7.4 Conclusion: Ways Forward for Variations in Policy
8 Variation in Asylum, Migration and Border Control
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 History of the Policy Domain
	8.3 Tensions
	8.4 Intractable Realities
	8.5 Solidarity in Migration Policy?
	8.6 Conclusion: Ways Forward for Variations in Policy
9 Conclusions
	9.1 Variation as a Guiding Perspective
	9.2 The Dimensions of Variation
	9.3 Variation (Options) Within the Internal Market, Emu and Asylum, Migration and Border Control
	9.4 Variation and the Internal Market
	9.5 Variation in EMU and the Euro
	9.6 Variation in Asylum, Migration and Border Control
	9.7 Perspective on Change
	9.8 The Dutch View of the European Union
Appendix A Applying the Matrix
Possibilities and Impossibilities of European Public Tasks
Tensions Associated with the Influx of Refugees: Relocation of Asylum Seekers by Means of a Quota System
The European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Formerly FRONTEX): ‘Flexible Solidarity’?
Revision of the Posting of Workers Directive According to the Principle ‘Equal Pay for Equal Work in the Same Place’
Member States’ Different Positions
Appendix B List of Interviewees
Bibliography
Legal Sources