European Revolutions and the Ottoman Balkans: Nationalism, Violence and Empire in the Long Nineteenth-Century

Cover page
Halftitle page
Title page
Copyright page
Contents
Illustrations
Contributors
1 War and Revolution: A Balkan Perspective – An Introduction
	The War as Revolution
	The Revolution as War
	The Revolution as Civil War
	The Revolution as Imperial Nationalism
	Notes
	Bibliography
2 Emulating Petrine Russia: Thick Mechanicism and the Foundations of Government in Istanbul after the Rebellion of 1730
	Limits of Competitive Emulation
	The Rebellion of 1730
	The New Order in 1732
	Mechanical Arts and the Russian Precedent
	Notes
	Bibliography
3 New Horizons of Political Possibility: Greek Political Imagination aft er the Russo-Ottoman War of 1768–1774
	Introduction
	The Shock of 1774: The Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca and Greek Political Imagination
	Iosipos Moisiodax’s ‘Liberal’ Sensibilities
	Dimitrios Katartzis’ Communitarianism
	Conclusion
	Notes
	Bibliography
4 Military Reforms as a Diplomatic Bargaining Chip: French-Ottoman Relations at the End of the Eighteenth Century
	Introduction
	French Military Experts in the Ottoman Army: A General Overview
	The Ottoman Empire under Sultan Selim III as a Part of the International Political System
	French Military Specialists and the Nizam-i Cedid
	Jean-Baptiste Barthelemy Lesseps and Pierre Fergo
	Military Experts at the End of The Eighteenth Century
	Jacques-Balthazard le Brun
	Conclusion
	Abbreviations
	Notes
	Bibliography
5 Echoes of Tumultuous Wars: Prosperity and Poverty of the Balkan Entrepreneurial Strata (1800s–1880s)
	Introduction
	Wars and Revolutions in the pre-Tanzimat Period (1790s–1839)
	The Kırcalı and Ayan Revolts (1797–1807)
	The Serbian Revolts (1804–1813, 1815)
	The Russo-Ottoman War (1806–1812)
	The Greek War of Independence (1821–1829) and the Russo-Ottoman War (1828–1829)
	The Era of Reforms: the Tanzimat (1839–1876)
	The Crimean War (1853–1856)
	The Tumultuous Years (1875–1878)
	Conclusion
	Notes
	Bibliography
6 The Final Phase of the Greek Revolution: Delimitation, Determination and Demarcation of the First Greek Borders in Ottoman Sources
	Introduction
	Encountering the Greek Boundary Problem
	Determining the Boundary: The Constantinople Conferences
	Ottoman Terminology during the Negotiations
	Demarcation of the Border
	Conclusions
	Notes
	Bibliography
7 Petko Voivoda: A Re-evaluation of Nineteenth-Century Bulgarian Military History
	From ‘Primitive Rebels’ to Haiduks : Theoretical Background and a Framework for Discussion
	Haiduk Activities: An Alternative Approach
	Notes
	Bibliography
8 Uprisings, Revolutions and Wars: Visual Representations in the Bulgarian Illustrated Press at the End of the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century
	Introduction
	Turn of the Century
	Balkan Wars
	The Great War
	Conclusion
	Notes
	Bibliography
9 Under a Gun : Eugen Kumičić on the Austria-Hungarian Occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
	Introduction
	The Croatian Question and the Occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
	Croatians versus Serbs
	Ante Starčević and Josip J. Strossmayer
	Eugen Kumičić’s Under a Gun: A Personal Narrative
	Conclusion
	Notes
	Bibliography
10 War, Intellectuals and the Balkan States: French Intellectuals’ Perception of Serbiaand Serbs in the Great War
	Introduction
	French Intellectuals and the Balkans
	Intellectual Cooperation
	Changes to French Public Opinion Towards the Serbs from 1894 to 1913
	Intellectuals in War: From Sympathy to Affi rmation of the Serbian National Aims
	‘My Serbian Patriotism Follows Behind My French Patriotism’
	Conclusion
	Notes
	Bibliography
11 The New Ottoman Conception of War, State and Society in the Prelude to the First World War
	The Shift Towards Authoritarianism
	Germany as the Ideal Social and Political Model for Renewal
	The Shift from Universalism to National Idealism
	Gökalp and his ‘Üç Cereyan’ (Three Currents of Thought)
	Conceptualizing the State
	Ottoman State as a War Machine
	Conclusion
	Notes
	Bibliography
12 War, Revolution and Diplomacy: The October Revolution of 1917 and the Turkish Anatolian Resistance Movement, 1919–1922
	Introduction
	Revolutions Connected, Revolutions Affected
	The ‘Revolutionary Tide’ Before the Anatolian Resistance Movement
	Turkish-Russian Relations during the Anatolian Resistance Movement
	Conclusion
	Notes
	Bibliography
Index