Europe's Utopias of Peace: 1815, 1919, 1951

Cover page
Halftitle page
Series page
Title page
Copyright page
Epigraph
CONTENTS
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
INTRODUCTION: UTOPIA, HISTORY AND TELEOLOGY: THE BICENTENARY EUROPEAN SEARCH FOR A POLITICAL ECONOMY FOR WELFARE AND WARFARE, AND THE STRUGGLE WITH NATIONALISM AND DEMOCRACY
	The outline of the book: the problem and the perspective
	Utopia as never again
CHAPTER 1 THE VIENNA PEACE UTOPIA OF 1815 AND THE WORLD OF TRADE
	The preludes: the unification of Europe through economic warfare
	Gentz vs d’Hauterive and Fichte on the commercial world order
	The British world order: the economic political framework of the peace negotiations
	The Congress and the Treaty
	The conference system and the Holy Alliance: the directorate of Europe ordering the world
	Friedrich Gentz: Secretary of Europe and designer of the Vienna Peace Utopia
	The Vienna Utopia
	Two Cold War views on Vienna and the revolution: Kissinger and Koselleck
CHAPTER 2 WELFARE: THE DISSOLUTION OF THE VIENNA PEACE UTOPIA FROM WITHIN
	Welfare for social peace
	The ‘industrial system’ and the ‘social question’: a new economic world view
	The alternative dream of harmony
	The historical school and a romantic political economy: the nation against the universal
	The search for a middle ground for the social question
	1848
	The communist spectre and Marx’s utopia of social peace
	Between reform and revolution: socialism after Marx
	The 1870s and 1880s: the Katheder socialists and Bismarck’s conservative utopia of social peace
	The crisis of liberalism from within: national socialism, ethnic nationalism and the search for welfare and community
CHAPTER 3 WARFARE: THE DISSOLUTION OF THE VIENNA PEACE UTOPIA FROM WITHOUT
	Warfare: the challenges of the peace utopia from without
	The Crimean War and the Italian and German unifi cations: Bismarck replaces Metternich
	Free trade and protectionism
	The international lawyers and the peace movement: a different utopia
	The European directorate of the world meets in Berlin
	Faces and phases of imperialism
	Social imperialism
	The crisis of liberalism from without: nationalism and warfare for community
CHAPTER 4 VERSAILLES: THE UTOPIA OF PEACE THROUGH DEMOCRACY
	Setting the stage in Washington and St Petersburg
	Work on utopia
	Imposition of the peace on the loser
	Keynes’ critique of the utopia
	The Locarno spirit and the imagery of Pan-Europe
	The second utopia: communism as Futurism
	Edward H. Carr on utopia
	Fascism as Futurism and Weimar dreams and nightmares
	The myth of Versailles
CHAPTER 5 THE GREAT DEPRESSION AND THE COLLAPSE OF THE WORLD ORDER
	The illusion of national self-determination and the myth of free trade
	The collapse of the global political economy
	The crisis of liberalism: the social question and the gold standard
	The myth of the mass
	The disillusion of the imagery of world government
	Hitler and America – fascism and democracy: entangled and ambiguous relationships
	Perspectives
CHAPTER 6 AFTER THE SECOND WORLD WAR: 
FROM THE UTOPIA OF PEACE FOR THE COLD WAR TO THE EURO CRISIS AND THE SEARCH FOR A NEW NARRATIVE
	The setting of the post-war scene
	The utopia for peace in the Cold War
	De Gaulle against Monnet
	The great transformation and the utopia of Keynes
	The utopia of European identity as refuge
	The end of the Cold War: Hayek’s utopia
	Europe as an economic, social and political space
	Europe as a legal space
	The future: the past and the present – and the new narrative
CHAPTER 7 EPILOGUE: THE BICENTENARY EUROPEAN STRUGGLE WITH NATIONALISM AND DEMOCRACY, AND SEARCH FOR A GLOBAL POLITICAL 
ECONOMY
	The bicentenary struggle with nationalism
	The bicentenary struggle with democracy
	Welfare and warfare: creating community and ordering the world
	The search for a political economy
	Accelerating time and shrinking space: the gap between experiences and expectations
NOTES
REFERENCES
INDEX