Ethics of Medical AI (The International Library of Ethics, Law and Technology, 24)

Contents
Part I: Foundations
	Chapter 1: Introduction
		1.1 Dawn of a New Age in Medicine
		1.2 The Big Transformation
			1.2.1 Doing Things: Practices
			1.2.2 Changing the Game: Relationships
			1.2.3 Transforming the Basic Structure: Environments
		1.3 Structure of This Book
		1.4 Scope, Objective, and Limitations
		References
	Chapter 2: Artificial Intelligence: In Search of a Definition
		2.1 Defining AI
			2.1.1 AI as a Simulation of Human Intelligence
			2.1.2 The Behavioral Turn: Robotic AI vs. Symbolic AI
		2.2 Instead of a Definition: Crucial Features
		2.3 ``Artificial Intelligence´´: A Critical Perspective
		References
	Chapter 3: MAI: A Very Short History and the State of the Art
		3.1 The Rise of MAI
		3.2 Machine Learning and Deep Learning
		3.3 Further Developments
			3.3.1 Big Data Approach
			3.3.2 Clinical Decision Support-Systems (CDSS)
			3.3.3 Natural Language Processing (NLP)
			3.3.4 Computer Vision
			3.3.5 Internet of Things (IoT)
			3.3.6 Robotics
		3.4 The Shape of Things to Come
		References
	Chapter 4: Ethical Foundations: Medical Ethics and Data Ethics
		4.1 Medical Ethics: Definitions
		4.2 Medical Ethics: Topics
			4.2.1 Autonomy
			4.2.2 Therapeutic Relationship
			4.2.3 Trust and Empathy
			4.2.4 Confidentiality and Privacy
			4.2.5 Justice and Equity
			4.2.6 Avoiding Harm: Patient Safety
		4.3 Ethics of AI and Big Data
			4.3.1 AI Ethics
			4.3.2 Big Data Ethics
		4.4 Conclusion
		References
Part II: Ethical Analysis
	Chapter 5: Practices
		5.1 Collecting Data
			5.1.1 Confidentiality and Informational Privacy
			5.1.2 Informational Privacy and Autonomy
			5.1.3 New Perspectives on Informed Consent
			5.1.4 Technical Solutions: Blockchain and Federated Learning
			5.1.5 Non-technical Alternatives: Data Ownership Models
			5.1.6 Nontechnical Alternatives: Regulatory Models
		5.2 Operationalizing Data
			5.2.1 Reductionism
			5.2.2 Bias
			5.2.3 Justifying Decisions
		References
	Chapter 6: Relationships
		6.1 Therapeutic Relationship
			6.1.1 Empathy in a MAI Setting
			6.1.2 Empathetic MAI
			6.1.3 Shared Decision-Making and Autonomy
			6.1.4 Responsibility and Liability
			6.1.5 The Role of Doctors
			6.1.6 The Role of Patients
			6.1.7 The Role of MAI
			6.1.8 Models of a MAI-Enhanced Therapeutic Relationship
			6.1.9 What About Democratization?
		6.2 The Nurse-Patient Relationship
			6.2.1 The MAI-Enhanced Nursing Gaze
			6.2.2 Nursing Robots and the Human-Machine Interaction
				6.2.2.1 Strategies
			6.2.3 The Role of Nurses
		6.3 The Therapeutic Relationship in Mental Healthcare
			6.3.1 Nature of the Therapeutic Relationship
			6.3.2 Mental Health Disorders and Patients
			6.3.3 The Therapeutic Project
			6.3.4 Impact of MAI on the Therapeutic Relationship
		References
	Chapter 7: Environments
		7.1 Work Environments
			7.1.1 Digital Literacy
			7.1.2 Integration of MAI into Clinical Practice
			7.1.3 Artificial Agents as Colleagues
			7.1.4 Replacement of Healthcare Professionals by MAI
		7.2 Personal Environments
			7.2.1 Ecosystems of Care
			7.2.2 Medicalization and Healthism
			7.2.3 A Question of Agency
		7.3 Urban Environments
			7.3.1 Ethical Implications
		References
	Chapter 8: Instead of a Conclusion: Seven Lessons for the Present and an Outlook
		8.1 Seven Lessons for the Present
		8.2 Outlook
		References
Index