Ethics In Engineering

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
About the Authors
Brief Contents
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1 Ethics and Professionalism
	1.1 Scope of Engineering Ethics
		1.1.1 Overview of Themes
		1.1.2 What Is Engineering Ethics?
		1.1.3 Why Study Engineering Ethics?
		Discussion Questions
	1.2 Accepting and Sharing Responsibility
		1.2.1 Saving Citicorp Tower
		1.2.2 Meanings of “Responsibility”
		1.2.3 Dimensions of Engineering
		Discussion Questions
	1.3 Responsible Professionals and Ethical Corporations
		1.3.1 What Are Professions?
		1.3.2 Morally Committed Corporations
		1.3.3 Social Responsibility Movement
		1.3.4 Senses of Corporate Responsibility
		Discussion Questions
	Key Concepts
	References
Chapter 2 Moral Reasoning and Codes of Ethics
	2.1 Resolving Ethical Dilemmas
		2.1.1 Steps in Resolving Ethical Dilemmas
		2.1.2 Right-Wrong or Better-Worse?
		Discussion Questions
	2.2 Making Moral Choices
		2.2.1 Designing Aluminum Cans
		2.2.2 Design Analogy: Whitbeck
		Discussion Questions
	2.3 Codes of Ethics
		2.3.1 Importance of Codes
		2.3.2 Abuse of Codes
		2.3.3 Limitation of Codes
		2.3.4 Ethical Relativism and Justification of Codes
		Discussion Questions
	Key Concepts
	References
Chapter 3 Moral Frameworks: A Global Survey
	3.1 Utilitarianism
		3.1.1 Utilitarianism versus Cost-Benefit Analysis
		3.1.2 Act-Utilitarianism versus Rule-Utilitarianism
		3.1.3 Theories of Good Discussion Questions
		Discussion Questions
	3.2 Rights Ethics and Duty Ethics
		3.2.1 Human Rights
		3.2.2 Varieties of Rights Ethics
		3.2.3 Duty Ethics
		3.2.4 Prima Facie Duties
		Discussion Questions
	3.3 Virtue Ethics
		3.3.1 Virtues in Engineering
		3.3.2 Florman: Competence and Conscientiousness
		3.3.3 Aristotle: Community and the Golden Mean
		3.3.4 Confucian Role Ethics
		Discussion Questions
	3.4 Self-Realization and Self-Interest
		3.4.1 Ethical Egoism
		3.4.2 Motives of Engineers
		3.4.3 Self-Realization, Personal Commitments, and Communities
		3.4.4 Religious Commitments
		3.4.5 Which Ethical Theory Is Best?
		Discussion Questions
	Key Concepts
	References
Chapter 4 Engineering as Social Experimentation
	4.1 Engineering as Experimentation
		4.1.1 Similarities to Standard Experiments
		4.1.2 Learning from the Past
		4.1.3 Contrasts with Standard Experiments
		Discussion Questions
	4.2 Engineers as Responsible Experimenters
		4.2.1 Conscientiousness
		4.2.2 Comprehensive Perspective
		4.2.3 Moral Autonomy
		4.2.4 Accountability
		4.2.5 A Balanced Outlook on Law
		4.2.6 Industrial Standards
		Discussion Questions
	4.3 Challenger
		4.3.1 Safety Issues
		Discussion Questions
	Key Concepts
	References
Chapter 5 Safety, Risk, and Design
	5.1 Safety and Risk
		5.1.1 The Concept of Safety
		5.1.2 Risks
		5.1.3 Acceptability of Risk
		Discussion Questions
	5.2 Assessing and Reducing Risk
		5.2.1 Uncertainties in Design
		5.2.2 Risk-Benefit Analyses
		5.2.3 Personal Risk
		5.2.4 Public Risk and Public Acceptance
		5.2.5 Examples of Improved Safety
		Discussion Questions
	5.3 Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and Safe Exits
		5.3.1 Three Mile Island
		5.3.2 Chernobyl
		5.3.3 Safe Exits
			Discussion Questions
	Key Concepts
	References
Chapter 6 Workplace Cultures, Responsibilities and Rights
	6.1 Teamwork
		6.1.1 An Ethical Corporate Climate
		6.1.2 Loyalty and Collegiality
		6.1.3 Managers and Engineers
		6.1.4 Managing Conflict
		Discussion Questions
	6.2 Confidentiality and Conflicts of Interest
		6.2.1 Confidentiality: Definition
		6.2.2 Confidentiality and Changing Jobs
		6.2.3 Confidentiality and Management Policies
		6.2.4 Confidentiality: Justification
		6.2.5 Conflicts of Interest: Definition and Examples
		6.2.6 Moral Status of Conflicts of Interest
		Discussion Questions
	6.3 Rights of Engineers
		6.3.1 Professional Rights
		6.3.2 Employee Rights
		Discussion Questions
	6.4 Whistleblowing
		6.4.1 Whistleblowing: Definition
		6.4.2 Two Cases
		6.4.3 Moral Guidelines
		6.4.4 Protecting Whistleblowers
		6.4.5 Commonsense Procedures
		6.4.6 Beyond Whistleblowing
		Discussion Questions
	6.5 The BART Case
		6.5.1 Background
		6.5.2 Responsibility and Experimentation
		6.5.3 Controversy
		6.5.4 Aftermath
		6.5.5 Comments
		Discussion Questions
	Key Concepts
	References
Chapter 7 Honesty
	7.1 Truthfulness and Trustworthiness
		7.1.1 Truthfulness
		7.1.2 Trustworthiness
		7.1.3 Academic Integrity
		Discussion Questions
	7.2 Research Integrity
		7.2.1 Excellence versus Misconduct
		7.2.2 Bias and Self-Deception
		7.2.3 Protecting Research Subjects
		7.2.4 Giving and Claiming Credit
		7.2.5 Reporting Misconduct
		Discussion Questions
	7.3 Consulting Engineers
		7.3.1 Advertising
			7.3.2 Competitive Bidding
		7.3.3 Contingency Fees
		7.3.4 Safety and Client Needs
		Discussion Questions
	7.4 Expert Witnesses and Advisers
		7.4.1 Expert Witnesses in the Courts
		7.4.2 Abuses
		7.4.3 Advisers in Planning and Policy-Making
		Discussion Questions
	Key Concepts
	References
Chapter 8 Engineering and Environmental Ethics in the Anthropocene
	8.1 Engineering, Ecology, and Economics
		8.1.1 The Invisible Hand and the Commons
		8.1.2 Engineers: From Sustainable Development to Geoengineering
		8.1.3 Corporations: Environmental Leadership
		8.1.4 Government: Technology Assessment
		8.1.5 Communities: Preventing Natural Disasters
		8.1.6 Market Mechanisms: Internalizing Costs
		8.1.7 Social Activists
		Discussion Questions
	8.2 Ethical Frameworks
		8.2.1 Human-Centered Ethics
		8.2.2 Sentient-Centered Ethics
		8.2.3 Biocentric Ethics
			8.2.4 Ecocentric Ethics
		8.2.5 Religious Perspectives
		8.2.6 Environmental Ethics and the Anthropocene
		Discussion Questions
	Key Concepts
	References
Chapter 9 Engineering Ethics in the Global Context
	9.1 Global Ethical Codes
	9.2 Functionalist Theory
	9.3 Cultural Studies
	9.4 Global Ethics and Justice
	9.5 Cultivating Globally Competent Engineers
		Discussion Questions
	Key Concepts
	References
Chapter 10 Technology and Engineering Leadership
	in Future Societies
	10.1 Cautious Optimism
		10.1.1 Optimism, Pessimism, Realism
		10.1.2 Technology: Value-Neutral or Value-Laden?
		10.1.3 The Co-shaping of Technology and Society
		10.1.4 Uncertainty, Ambiguity, and Social Experimentation
		Discussion Questions
	10.2 Moral Leadership
		10.2.1 Morally Creative Leaders
		10.2.2 Participation in Professional Societies
		10.2.3 Leadership in Communities
		10.2.4 Ideals of Voluntary Service
		Discussion Questions
	Key Concepts
	References
Appendix
	A General Resources on Engineering Ethics
	B Sample Codes of Ethics and Guidelines
Index