Essentials of Testing and Assessment

Brief Contents......Page 6
Contents......Page 8
Preface......Page 17
Section I: Understanding the Assessment Process: History, Ethical and Professional Issues, Diagnosis, and the Assessment Report......Page 25
Ch 1: History of Testing and Assessment......Page 27
Distinguishing between Testing and Assessment......Page 28
The History of Assessment......Page 29
Summary......Page 41
Chapter Review......Page 42
References......Page 43
Ch 2: Ethical, Legal, and Professional Issues in Assessment......Page 45
Ethical Issues in Assessment......Page 46
Legal Issues in Assessment......Page 52
Professional Issues......Page 57
Summary......Page 62
Chapter Review......Page 63
References......Page 64
Ch 3: Diagnosis in the Assessment Process......Page 67
The Importance of Diagnosis......Page 68
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM): A Brief History......Page 69
The DSM-5......Page 70
Chapter Review......Page 80
References......Page 81
Ch 4: The Assessment Report Process: Interviewing the Client and Writing the Report......Page 83
Gathering Information for the Report: Garbage in, Garbage Out......Page 84
Structured, Unstructured, and Semi-Structured Interviews......Page 85
Choosing an Appropriate Assessment Instrument......Page 88
Writing the Report......Page 89
Summarizing the Writing of an Assessment Report......Page 99
Summary......Page 101
References......Page 102
Section II : Test Worthiness and Test Statistics......Page 105
Ch 5: Test Worthiness: Validity, Reliability, Cross-Cultural Fairness, and Practicality......Page 107
Correlation Coefficient......Page 108
Coefficient of Determination (Shared Variance)......Page 110
Validity......Page 111
Reliability......Page 118
Cross-Cultural Fairness......Page 123
Practicality......Page 126
Selecting and Administering a Good Test......Page 127
Summary......Page 130
References......Page 131
Ch 6: Statistical Concepts: Making Meaning out of Raw Scores......Page 134
Raw Scores......Page 135
Frequency Distributions......Page 136
Histograms and Frequency Polygons......Page 137
Cumulative Distributions......Page 139
Normal Curves and Skewed Curves......Page 140
Measures of Central Tendency......Page 142
Measures of Variability......Page 143
Remembering the Person......Page 148
Summary......Page 149
Reference......Page 150
Ch 7: Statistical Concepts: Creating New Scores to Interpret Test Data......Page 151
Norm Referencing versus Criterion Referencing......Page 152
Normative Comparisons and Derived Scores......Page 153
Putting It All Together......Page 164
Standard Error of Measurement......Page 165
Standard Error of Estimate......Page 167
Scales of Measurement......Page 169
Summary......Page 171
Chapter Review......Page 172
References......Page 173
Section III: Commonly Used Assessment Techniques......Page 175
Ch 8: Assessment of Educational Ability: Survey Battery, Diagnostic, Readiness, and Cognitive Ability Tests......Page 181
Defining Assessment of Educational Ability......Page 182
Survey Battery Achievement Testing......Page 183
Diagnostic Testing......Page 189
Readiness Testing......Page 195
Cognitive Ability Tests......Page 198
The Role of Helpers in the Assessment of Educational Ability......Page 206
Final Thoughts about the Assessment of Educational Ability......Page 207
Summary......Page 208
Chapter Review......Page 209
References......Page 210
Ch 9: Intellectual and Cognitive Functioning: Intelligence Testing and Neuropsychological Assessment......Page 214
Defining Intelligence Testing......Page 215
Models of Intelligence......Page 216
Intelligence Testing......Page 223
Neuropsychological Assessment......Page 234
The Role of Helpers in the Assessment of Intellectual and Cognitive Functioning......Page 238
Summary......Page 239
Chapter Review......Page 241
References......Page 242
Ch 10: Career and Occupational Assessment: Interest Inventories, Multiple Aptitude, and Special Aptitude Tests......Page 245
Interest Inventories......Page 246
Multiple Aptitude Testing......Page 257
Special Aptitude Testing......Page 262
The Role of Helpers in Occupational and Career Assessment......Page 265
Summary......Page 266
References......Page 268
Ch 11: Clinical Assessment: Objective and Projective Personality Tests......Page 271
Objective Personality Testing......Page 272
Projective Testing......Page 290
Final Thoughts on Clinical Assessment......Page 298
Summary......Page 299
References......Page 301
Ch 12: Informal Assessment: Observation, Rating Scales, Classification Methods, Environmental Assessment, Records and Personal Documents, and Performance-Based Assessment......Page 305
Types of Informal Assessment......Page 306
Test Worthiness of Informal Assessment......Page 323
Final Thoughts on Informal Assessment......Page 326
Summary......Page 327
Chapter Review......Page 328
References......Page 329
Appendix A:  Websites of Codes of Ethics of Select Mental Health Professional Associations......Page 330
Appendix B: Assessment Sections of ACA's and APA's Codes of Ethics......Page 332
Appendix C: Code of Fair Testing Practices in Education......Page 338
Appendix D: Sample Assessment Report......Page 345
Appendix E: Supplemental Statistical Equations......Page 351
Appendix F: Converting Percentiles from z-Scores......Page 353
Glossary......Page 355
Index......Page 364