Essentials of Systems Analysis and Design

Cover......Page 1
Title......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 10
Preface......Page 18
 Chapter 1 The Systems Development Environment......Page 29
  Systems Analysis and Design: Core Concepts......Page 31
   Definition of a System and Its Parts......Page 33
   Important System Concepts......Page 34
  A Modern Approach to Systems Analysis and Design......Page 37
   Your Role in Systems Development......Page 38
  Developing Information Systems and the Systems Development Life Cycle......Page 39
   Phase 2: Systems Analysis......Page 41
   Phase 4: Systems Implementation and Operation......Page 42
   Prototyping......Page 45
   Rapid Application Development......Page 46
   Agile Methodologies......Page 48
   Key Terms Checkpoint......Page 49
   Review Questions......Page 50
   Case Problems......Page 51
   References......Page 53
 Chapter 2 The Sources of Software......Page 55
  Systems Acquisition......Page 56
   Outsourcing......Page 57
   Sources of Software......Page 58
   Choosing Off-the-Shelf Software......Page 62
  Reuse......Page 65
   Key Terms Checkpoint......Page 68
   Field Exercises......Page 69
   Case: Petrie Electronics......Page 70
   References......Page 71
 Chapter 3 Managing the Information Systems Project......Page 73
  Pine Valley Furniture Company Background......Page 75
  Managing the Information Systems Project......Page 76
   Initiating the Project......Page 80
   Planning the Project......Page 83
   Executing the Project......Page 91
   Closing Down the Project......Page 93
  Representing and Scheduling Project Plans......Page 95
   Calculating Expected Time Durations Using PERT......Page 97
   Constructing a Gantt Chart and Network Diagram at Pine Valley Furniture......Page 98
  Using Project Management Software......Page 101
   Entering Tasks and Assigning Task Relationships......Page 102
   Selecting a Scheduling Method to Review Project Reports......Page 103
   Key Points Review......Page 104
   Key Terms Checkpoint......Page 105
   Problems and Exercises......Page 106
   Discussion Questions......Page 108
   Case Problems......Page 109
   Case: Petrie Electronics......Page 110
   References......Page 111
 Chapter 4 Systems Planning and Selection......Page 113
   The Process of Identifying and Selecting Information Systems Development Projects......Page 115
   Deliverables and Outcomes......Page 118
   The Process of Initiating and Planning Systems Development Projects......Page 119
   Deliverables and Outcomes......Page 120
  Assessing Project Feasibility......Page 121
   Assessing Economic Feasibility......Page 123
   Assessing Other Feasibility Concerns......Page 129
  Building the Baseline Project Plan......Page 130
  Reviewing the Baseline Project Plan......Page 136
   Pine Valley Furniture WebStore......Page 139
   Key Points Review......Page 143
   Key Terms Checkpoint......Page 144
   Problems and Exercises......Page 145
   Case Problems......Page 146
   Case: Petrie Electronics......Page 148
   References......Page 150
 Chapter 5 Determining System Requirements......Page 151
   The Process of Determining Requirements......Page 153
   Deliverables and Outcomes......Page 154
   Interviewing and Listening......Page 155
   Directly Observing Users......Page 160
   Analyzing Procedures and Other Documents......Page 161
   Joint Application Design......Page 164
   Using Prototyping During Requirements Determination......Page 168
  Radical Methods for Determining System Requirements......Page 169
   Identifying Processes to Reengineer......Page 170
  Pine Valley Furniture WebStore: Determining System Requirements......Page 171
   WebStore and Site Management System Capabilities......Page 172
   Customer and Inventory Information......Page 173
   Smartphone App Requirements......Page 174
   Key Points Review......Page 175
   Review Questions......Page 176
   Case Problems......Page 177
   Case: Petrie Electronics......Page 179
   References......Page 180
  Chapter 6 Structuring System Requirements: Process Modeling......Page 181
   Process Modeling......Page 183
    Deliverables and Outcomes......Page 185
   Data-Flow Diagramming Mechanics......Page 186
    Definitions and Symbols......Page 187
    Developing DFDs: An Example......Page 188
    Data-Flow Diagramming Rules......Page 192
    Decomposition of DFDs......Page 193
    Balancing DFDs......Page 195
    Guidelines for Drawing DFDs......Page 197
    Using DFDs as Analysis Tools......Page 199
    Using DFDs in Business Process Reengineering......Page 200
   Logic Modeling......Page 202
    Modeling Logic with Decision Tables......Page 203
    Process Modeling for Pine Valley Furniture’s WebStore......Page 206
    Key Points Review......Page 209
    Key Terms Checkpoint......Page 210
    Problems and Exercises......Page 211
    Case Problems......Page 216
    Case: Petrie Electronics......Page 218
    References......Page 220
  Chapter 7 Structuring System Requirements: Conceptual Data Modeling......Page 221
   Conceptual Data Modeling......Page 223
    Deliverables and Outcomes......Page 224
   Gathering Information for Conceptual Data Modeling......Page 227
   Introduction to Entity-Relationship Modeling......Page 228
    Entities......Page 230
    Attributes......Page 231
    Candidate Keys and Identifiers......Page 232
    Relationships......Page 233
    Degree of a Relationship......Page 234
    Cardinalities in Relationships......Page 235
   An Example of Conceptual Data Modelingat Hoosier Burger......Page 238
    Conceptual Data Modeling for Pine Valley Furniture’s WebStore......Page 241
    The Process of Selecting the Best Alternative Design Strategy......Page 245
   Generating Alternative Design Strategies......Page 246
   Developing Design Strategies for Hoosier Burger’s New Inventory Control System......Page 248
   Selecting the Most Likely Alternative......Page 250
    Key Points Review......Page 252
    Key Terms Checkpoint......Page 253
    Problems and Exercises......Page 254
    Case Problems......Page 257
    Case: Petrie Electronics......Page 261
    References......Page 264
 Chapter 8 Designing the Human Interface......Page 265
   The Process of Designing Forms and Reports......Page 267
   Deliverables and Outcomes......Page 269
   Formatting Forms and Reports......Page 271
   The Process of Designing Interfaces and Dialogues......Page 279
   Designing Interfaces......Page 280
   Designing Dialogues......Page 291
   General Guidelines for Web Layouts......Page 295
   Designing the Human Interface at Pine Valley Furniture......Page 296
   Menu-Driven Navigation with Cookie Crumbs......Page 297
   Style Sheet–Based HTML......Page 298
   Custom Interface for Mobile Application......Page 299
   Key Terms Checkpoint......Page 300
   Review Questions......Page 301
   Discussion Questions......Page 302
   Case Problems......Page 303
   Case: Petrie Electronics......Page 304
   References......Page 306
 Chapter 9 Designing Databases......Page 307
   The Process of Database Design......Page 309
   Deliverables and Outcomes......Page 311
  Relational Database Model......Page 314
   Well-Structured Relations......Page 315
   Rules of Normalization......Page 316
   Second Normal Form......Page 317
   Third Normal Form......Page 318
  Transforming E-R Diagrams Into Relations......Page 319
   Represent Entities......Page 320
   Represent Relationships......Page 321
  Merging Relations......Page 323
   An Example of Merging Relations......Page 324
   View Integration Problems......Page 325
  Logical Database Design for Hoosier Burger......Page 326
  Physical File and Database Design......Page 328
   Choosing Data Types......Page 329
   Controlling Data Integrity......Page 331
  Designing Physical Tables......Page 332
   Arranging Table Rows......Page 334
   Designing Controls for Files......Page 337
  Physical Database Design for Hoosier Burger......Page 339
   Designing Databases for Pine Valley Furniture’s WebStore......Page 341
   Key Points Review......Page 343
   Key Terms Checkpoint......Page 345
   Review Questions......Page 346
   Problems and Exercises......Page 347
   Discussion Questions......Page 348
   Case Problems......Page 349
   Case: Petrie Electronics......Page 350
   References......Page 352
 Chapter 10 Systems Implementation and Operation......Page 353
  Systems Implementation and Operation......Page 355
   Deliverables and Outcomes from Coding, Testing,and Installation......Page 356
   The Processes of Documenting the System, Training Users,and Supporting Users......Page 357
   The Process of Maintaining Information Systems......Page 358
   Deliverables and Outcomes from Maintaining Information Systems......Page 359
   Seven Different Types of Tests......Page 360
   The Testing Process......Page 362
   Acceptance Testing by Users......Page 364
   Planning Installation......Page 365
  Documenting the System......Page 368
   User Documentation......Page 369
   Preparing User Documentation......Page 370
   Training Information System Users......Page 371
   Supporting Information System Users......Page 373
   Support Issues for the Analyst to Consider......Page 375
  Why Implementation Sometimes Fails......Page 376
  Project Closedown......Page 377
   Types of Maintenance......Page 378
   The Cost of Maintenance......Page 379
   Measuring Maintenance Effectiveness......Page 380
   Controlling Maintenance Requests......Page 381
   Configuration Management......Page 382
   Website Maintenance......Page 383
  Maintaining an Information Systemat Pine Valley Furniture......Page 384
   Systems Implementation and Operation for Pine Valley Furniture’s WebStore......Page 385
   Key Points Review......Page 388
   Key Terms Checkpoint......Page 389
   Problems and Exercises......Page 391
   Case Problems......Page 392
   Case: Petrie Electronics......Page 393
   References......Page 394
 The Object-Oriented Modeling Approach......Page 396
 Use-Case Modeling......Page 397
 Object Modeling: Class Diagrams......Page 400
 Representing Associations......Page 401
 Representing Generalization......Page 403
 Dynamic Modeling: State Diagrams......Page 405
 Dynamic Modeling: Sequence Diagrams......Page 407
 Designing a Use Case with a Sequence Diagram......Page 409
 Moving to Design......Page 410
  Key Points Review......Page 411
  Key Terms Checkpoint......Page 412
  Problems and Exercises......Page 413
  References......Page 414
 The Trend to Agile Methodologies......Page 416
 Agile Methodologies......Page 417
 eXtreme Programming......Page 419
 The Heart of the Systems Development Process......Page 420
  Requirements Determination......Page 421
  Design Specifications......Page 424
 What We’ve Learned About Agile Methodologies......Page 426
  Key Points Review......Page 427
  Problems and Exercises......Page 428
  References......Page 429
Glossary of Acronyms......Page 430
Glossary of Terms......Page 432
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 I......Page 440
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 W......Page 445