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دانلود کتاب Essentials of Spine Surgery
دانلود کتاب ملزومات جراحی ستون فقرات
مشخصات کتاب
Essentials of Spine Surgery
ویرایش:
نویسندگان: Alpaslan Şenköylü. Federico Canavese
سری:
ISBN (شابک) : 3030803554, 9783030803551
ناشر: Springer
سال نشر: 2022
تعداد صفحات: 449
[450]
زبان: English
فرمت فایل : PDF (درصورت درخواست کاربر به PDF، EPUB یا AZW3 تبدیل می شود)
حجم فایل: 22 Mb
قیمت کتاب (تومان) : 34,000
در صورت تبدیل فایل کتاب Essentials of Spine Surgery به فرمت های PDF، EPUB، AZW3، MOBI و یا DJVU می توانید به پشتیبان اطلاع دهید تا فایل مورد نظر را تبدیل نمایند.
توجه داشته باشید کتاب ملزومات جراحی ستون فقرات نسخه زبان اصلی می باشد و کتاب ترجمه شده به فارسی نمی باشد. وبسایت اینترنشنال لایبرری ارائه دهنده کتاب های زبان اصلی می باشد و هیچ گونه کتاب ترجمه شده یا نوشته شده به فارسی را ارائه نمی دهد.
توضیحاتی در مورد کتاب ملزومات جراحی ستون فقرات
این کتاب درسی مختصر، طیف کاملی از موضوعات مرتبط با جراحی
ستون فقرات را در قالبی جامع و در عین حال آسان برای پیگیری و به
آسانی در دسترس پوشش می‌دهد. پرداختن به تروما، بدشکلی، انحطاط،
انکولوژی و عفونت، چه در بیماران اطفال و چه در بزرگسالان، یک
نمای کلی از این رشته پیچیده جراحی ارائه می‌کند.
که به چهار بخش تقسیم می‌شود، هر فصل به طور کامل به یک مشکل بالینی می‌پردازد، از علائم و نشانه‌ها معاینه فیزیکی از طریق تشخیص های افتراقی و طبقه بندی به گزینه های درمانی، عوارض احتمالی و پیگیری. در ضمیمه، خواننده طبقه بندی ها، شاخص ها، پرسشنامه ها و ارزیابی های کیفیت زندگی مرتبط را خواهد یافت. ویدئوهای آموزشی مکمل این کتاب است که تکنیک‌های اساسی جراحی ستون فقرات را در عمل روزانه نشان می‌دهد.
که به چهار بخش تقسیم می‌شود، هر فصل به طور کامل به یک مشکل بالینی می‌پردازد، از علائم و نشانه‌ها معاینه فیزیکی از طریق تشخیص های افتراقی و طبقه بندی به گزینه های درمانی، عوارض احتمالی و پیگیری. در ضمیمه، خواننده طبقه بندی ها، شاخص ها، پرسشنامه ها و ارزیابی های کیفیت زندگی مرتبط را خواهد یافت. ویدئوهای آموزشی مکمل این کتاب است که تکنیک‌های اساسی جراحی ستون فقرات را در عمل روزانه نشان می‌دهد.
نوشته شده توسط یک پانل بین‌المللی از کارشناسان، این راهنمای کاربردی و مفید ابزاری ارزشمند برای کارآموزان جراحی ارتوپدی و جراحی مغز و اعصاب، همکاران ستون فقرات، و جراحان جوان ستون فقرات.
توضیحاتی درمورد کتاب به خارجی
This concise textbook covers the full spectrum
of spine surgery-related topics in a comprehensive yet
easy-to-follow, readily accessible format. Addressing
trauma, deformity, degeneration, oncology and infections, both
in pediatric and adult patients, it provides a broad overview
of this complex surgical discipline.
Subdivided into four parts, each chapter exhaustively addresses a clinical problem, ranging from signs and symptoms, physical examination through differential diagnoses and classification to treatment options, possible complications and follow-ups. In appendix the reader will find relevant classifications, indexes, questionnaires and quality of life assessments. Didactical videos complement the book illustrating essential basic spine surgery techniques in the daily practice.
Subdivided into four parts, each chapter exhaustively addresses a clinical problem, ranging from signs and symptoms, physical examination through differential diagnoses and classification to treatment options, possible complications and follow-ups. In appendix the reader will find relevant classifications, indexes, questionnaires and quality of life assessments. Didactical videos complement the book illustrating essential basic spine surgery techniques in the daily practice.
Written by an international panel of experts this practical and handy guide is an invaluable tool for trainees of both orthopedic surgery and neurosurgery, spine fellows, and junior spine surgeons.
فهرست مطالب
Foreword Preface Contents List of Videos Part I: Pediatric Spine Trauma 1: Pediatric Cervical Injuries 1.1 Definition 1.2 Natural History 1.3 Physical Examination 1.4 Imaging 1.4.1 Anatomical Considerations 1.5 Differential Diagnosis 1.6 Treatment Options and Expected Outcomes 1.7 What Family and Patients Should Know? Further Readings 2: Thoracolumbar Spine Injuries in Children 2.1 Definition 2.1.1 Mechanism of Injury 2.2 Physical Examination 2.3 Imaging 2.4 Treatment Options 2.5 Expected Outcomes 2.6 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 3: Atlanto-Axial (C1–C2) Subluxation and Dislocation 3.1 Definition 3.2 Natural History 3.3 Physical Examination 3.4 Imaging 3.5 Differential Diagnosis 3.6 Treatment Options 3.7 Expected Outcomes 3.8 Potential Complications 3.9 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 4: Spinal Cord Injury Without Radiographic Abnormality 4.1 Definition 4.2 Natural History 4.3 Physical Examination 4.4 Imaging 4.5 Differential Diagnosis 4.6 Treatment Options 4.7 Expected Outcomes 4.8 Potential Complications 4.9 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings Part II: Adult Spine Trauma 5: Upper Cervical Spine Injuries 5.1 Occipital Condyle and Cranio-Cervical Junction Injury 5.1.1 Physical Examination 5.1.2 Imaging 5.2 Occipital Condyle and Cranio-Cervical Junction Injury 5.2.1 Occipital Condyle Fractures (AO Type A) 5.2.1.1 Treatment Options 5.2.2 Atlanto-Occipital Injury (AO Type B and C) 5.2.2.1 Treatment Options Operative Treatment Conservative Treatment 5.2.2.2 Expected Outcomes 5.3 C1 Ring and C1–C2 Joint Injuries 5.3.1 Definition 5.3.2 Treatment Options 5.3.3 Expected Outcomes 5.4 C2 and C2–C3 Injuries 5.4.1 Imaging 5.4.2 Odontoid Fractures 5.5 Traumatic Spondylolisthesis of the Axis (Hangman’s Fracture) 5.5.1 Other C2 Fractures 5.5.2 Combined C1–C2 Injuries 5.5.2.1 Treatment Options Further Readings 6: Sub-axial Cervical Spine Injuries 6.1 Definition 6.2 Natural History 6.3 Physical Examination 6.4 Imaging 6.5 Classification 6.6 Differential Diagnosis 6.7 Treatment Options 6.8 Expected Outcomes 6.9 Potential Complications 6.10 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 7: Thoracolumbar Injuries 7.1 Definition 7.2 Natural History 7.3 Physical Examination 7.4 Imaging 7.5 Differential Diagnosis 7.6 Treatment Options 7.7 Expected Outcomes 7.8 Potential Complications 7.9 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 8: Sacral Injuries 8.1 Definition 8.2 Natural History 8.3 Physical Examination 8.4 Imaging 8.5 Classification 8.6 Differential Diagnosis 8.7 Treatment Options 8.8 Expected Outcomes 8.9 Potential Complications 8.10 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 9: Spinal Cord Injury and Related Conditions 9.1 Definition 9.2 Natural History 9.3 Physical Examination 9.4 Radiographic Examination 9.5 Differential Diagnosis 9.6 Neurogenic Shock 9.7 Treatment Options 9.8 Expected Outcome 9.9 Potential Complications 9.10 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 10: Osteoporotic Fractures 10.1 Definition 10.2 Natural History 10.3 Physical Examination 10.4 Imaging 10.5 Differential Diagnosis 10.6 Classification 10.7 Treatment Options 10.8 Expected Outcomes 10.9 Potential Complications 10.10 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings Part III: Pediatric Spine Pathology 11: Back Pain in Children 11.1 Definition 11.2 Natural History 11.3 Physical Examination 11.4 Imaging 11.4.1 Laboratory Tests 11.5 Differential Diagnosis 11.6 Treatment Options 11.7 Expected Outcomes 11.8 Potential Complications 11.9 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 12: Congenital Scoliosis 12.1 Definition 12.2 Natural History 12.3 Physical Examination 12.4 Imaging 12.5 Treatment Options 12.6 Expected Outcomes 12.7 Potential Complications 12.8 What Patient and Family Should Know? Further Readings 13: Early Onset Idiopathic Scoliosis 13.1 Definition 13.2 Natural History 13.3 Physical Examination 13.4 Imaging 13.5 Differential Diagnosis 13.6 Treatment Options 13.7 Expected Outcomes 13.8 Potential Complications 13.9 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 14: Syndromic Scoliosis 14.1 Definition 14.2 Natural History 14.3 Presenting Signs 14.4 Physical Examination 14.5 Radiographic Examination 14.6 Treatment Options 14.7 Expected Outcomes 14.8 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 15: Early Onset Neuromuscular Scoliosis 15.1 Definition 15.2 Natural History 15.3 Physical Examination 15.4 Imaging 15.5 Treatment Options 15.6 Expected Outcomes Further Readings 16: Idiopathic Scoliosis 16.1 Definition 16.2 Natural History 16.3 Imaging 16.4 Treatment Options 16.5 Potential Complications 16.6 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 17: Progression Risk of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis During Puberty and Natural History 17.1 Definition 17.2 Natural History 17.3 Physical Examination 17.4 The Pubertal Cycle 17.5 Radiographic Examination 17.6 The Scoliotic Risk: Anticipation Is the Key to an Effective Strategy 17.7 Treatment Options 17.8 Expected Outcomes 17.9 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 18: Conservative Treatment for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis 18.1 Definition 18.2 Treatment Options 18.2.1 Orthotic (Brace) Treatment 18.2.2 Physiotherapy Scoliosis-Specific Exercises 18.2.3 Other Conservative Treatments 18.3 Expected Outcomes 18.4 Potential Complications 18.5 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 19: Determination of the Fusion Levels in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis 19.1 Definition 19.2 Imaging 19.3 Treatment Options Further Readings 20: Late Onset Neuromuscular Scoliosis 20.1 Definition 20.2 Natural History 20.3 Physical Examination 20.4 Imaging 20.5 Differential Diagnosis 20.6 Treatment Options 20.7 Expected Outcomes 20.8 Potential Complications 20.9 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 21: Postural Kyphosis 21.1 Definition 21.2 Natural History 21.3 Physical Examination 21.4 Imaging 21.5 Differential Diagnosis 21.6 Treatment Options 21.7 Expected Outcomes 21.8 Potential Complications 21.9 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 22: Scheuermann’s Disease 22.1 Definition 22.2 Natural History 22.3 Physical Examination 22.4 Radiographic Examination Including Advanced Imaging and Classification 22.5 Differential Diagnosis 22.6 Treatment Options 22.7 Expected Outcomes 22.8 Potential Complications 22.9 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 23: Cervical Kyphosis in Neurofibromatosis Type I 23.1 Definition 23.2 Natural History 23.3 Physical Examination 23.4 Imaging 23.5 Differential Diagnosis 23.6 Treatment Options 23.7 Expected Outcomes 23.8 Potential Complications 23.9 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 24: Congenital Kyphosis 24.1 Definition 24.2 Natural History 24.3 Physical Examination 24.4 Imaging 24.5 Treatment Options 24.6 Expected Outcomes 24.7 Potential Complications 24.8 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 25: Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis 25.1 Definition 25.2 Natural History 25.3 Physical Examination 25.4 Imaging 25.5 Differential Diagnosis 25.6 Treatment Options 25.7 Expected Outcomes 25.8 Potential Complications 25.9 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 26: Disc Bulging and Herniation in Children and Adolescents 26.1 Definition 26.2 Natural History 26.3 Physical Examination 26.4 Imaging 26.5 Differential Diagnosis 26.6 Treatment Options 26.7 Expected Outcomes 26.8 Potential Complications 26.9 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 27: Schmorl’s Nodes 27.1 Definition 27.2 Natural History 27.3 Physical Examination 27.4 Imaging 27.5 Differential Diagnosis 27.6 Treatment Options 27.7 Expected Outcomes 27.8 Potential Complications 27.9 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 28: Congenital Torticollis (Torticollis Not Related to Trauma) 28.1 Definition 28.2 Natural History 28.3 Physical Examination 28.4 Imaging 28.5 Differential Diagnosis 28.6 Treatment Options 28.7 Expected Outcomes 28.8 Potential Complications 28.9 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 29: Klippel-Feil Syndrome 29.1 Definition 29.2 Natural History 29.3 Physical Examination 29.4 Imaging 29.5 Differential Diagnosis 29.6 Treatment Options 29.7 Expected Outcomes 29.8 Potential Complications 29.9 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 30: Chiari Malformations 30.1 Definition 30.2 Physical Examination 30.3 Imaging 30.4 Differential Diagnosis 30.5 Treatment Options 30.6 Expected Outcomes 30.7 Potential Complications 30.8 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 31: Spinal Dysraphism 31.1 Definition 31.2 Physical Examination 31.3 Imaging 31.4 Treatment Options 31.5 Expected Outcomes 31.6 Potential Complications 31.7 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 32: Sacralization of the fifth Lumbar Vertebra 32.1 Definition 32.2 Natural History 32.3 Physical Examination 32.4 Imaging 32.5 Differential Diagnosis 32.6 Treatment Options 32.7 Expected Outcomes 32.8 Potential Complications 32.9 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 33: Osteoid Osteoma and Osteoblastoma 33.1 Definition 33.2 Natural History 33.3 Physical Examination 33.4 Imaging 33.5 Differential Diagnosis 33.6 Treatment Options 33.7 Expected Outcomes 33.8 Potential Complications 33.9 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 34: Osteochondroma and Multiple Hereditary Exostosis 34.1 Definition 34.2 Natural History 34.3 Physical Examination 34.4 Imaging 34.5 Differential Diagnosis 34.6 Treatment Options 34.7 Expected Outcomes 34.8 Potential Complications 34.9 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 35: Eosinophilic Granuloma (Vertebra Plana) 35.1 Definition 35.2 Natural History 35.3 Physical Examination 35.4 Imaging 35.5 Differential Diagnosis 35.6 Treatment Options 35.7 Expected Outcomes 35.8 Potential Complications 35.9 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 36: Medulloblastoma and Other Seeding Tumors 36.1 Definition 36.2 Natural History 36.3 Physical Examination 36.4 Imaging 36.5 Differential Diagnosis 36.6 Treatment Options 36.7 Expected Outcomes 36.8 Potential Complications 36.9 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 37: Spinal Astrocytoma 37.1 Definition 37.2 Natural History 37.3 Physical Examination 37.4 Imaging 37.5 Differential Diagnosis 37.6 Treatment Options 37.7 Expected Outcomes 37.8 Potential Complications 37.9 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 38: Osteosarcoma 38.1 Definition 38.2 Natural History 38.3 Physical Examination 38.4 Imaging 38.5 Differential Diagnosis 38.6 Treatment Options 38.7 Expected Outcomes 38.8 Potential Complications 38.9 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 39: Ewing’s Sarcoma 39.1 Definition 39.2 Natural History 39.3 Physical Examination 39.4 Imaging 39.5 Differential Diagnosis 39.6 Treatment Options 39.7 Expected Outcomes 39.8 Potential Complications 39.9 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 40: Discitis in Pediatric Spine 40.1 Definition 40.2 Natural History 40.3 Physical Examination 40.4 Imaging 40.5 Differential Diagnosis 40.6 Treatment Options 40.7 Expected Outcome 40.8 Potential Complications 40.9 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings Part IV: Adult Spine Pathology 41: Back Pain and Its Generators 41.1 Definition 41.2 Physical Examination 41.3 Imaging 41.4 Differential Diagnosis 41.5 Treatment Options, Expected Outcomes, and Potential Complications 41.6 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 42: Cervical Degenerative Disc Disease (Including Cervical Disc Herniation) 42.1 Definition 42.2 Natural History 42.3 Physical Examination 42.4 Imaging 42.5 Treatment Options 42.6 Expected Outcomes and Potential Complications 42.7 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Reading 43: Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy 43.1 Definition 43.2 Natural History 43.3 Physical Examination 43.4 Imaging 43.5 Differential Diagnosis 43.6 Treatment Options 43.7 Expected Outcomes 43.8 Potential Complications 43.9 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 44: Thoracic Disk Herniation 44.1 Definition 44.2 Natural History 44.3 Physical Examination 44.4 Imaging 44.5 Differential Diagnosis 44.6 Treatment Options 44.7 Expected Outcomes 44.8 Potential Complications 44.9 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 45: Lumbar Degenerative Disc Disease and Lumbar Disc Herniation 45.1 Definition 45.2 Natural History 45.3 Physical Examination 45.4 Imaging 45.5 Differential Diagnosis 45.6 Treatment Options 45.7 Expected Outcomes 45.8 Potential Complications 45.9 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 46: Lumbar Spinal Stenosis 46.1 Definition 46.2 Natural History 46.3 Physical Examination 46.4 Imaging 46.5 Differential Diagnosis 46.6 Treatment Options 46.7 Expected Outcomes 46.8 Potential Complications 46.9 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 47: Degenerative Instability 47.1 Definition 47.2 Natural History 47.3 Physical Examination 47.4 Imaging 47.5 Differential Diagnosis 47.6 Treatment Options 47.7 Expected Outcome 47.8 Potential Complications 47.9 What Patient and Family Should Know? Further Reading 48: Adult Idiopathic Scoliosis 48.1 Definition 48.2 Natural History 48.3 Physical Examination 48.4 Imaging 48.5 Differential Diagnosis 48.6 Treatment Options 48.7 Expected Outcomes 48.8 Potential Complications 48.9 What Patient and Family Should Know? Further Readings 49: De Novo Deformity 49.1 Definition 49.2 Natural History 49.3 Physical Examination 49.4 Imaging 49.5 Differential Diagnosis 49.6 Treatment Options 49.7 Expected Outcomes 49.8 Potential Complications 49.9 What Patient and Family Should Know? Further Readings 50: Sagittal Plane Malalignment 50.1 Definition 50.2 Natural History 50.3 Treatment Options 50.3.1 SRS-Schwab Classification 50.3.2 Roussouly Back Types 50.3.3 GAP Score 50.4 Expected Outcomes 50.5 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 51: Post-Traumatic Kyhphosis 51.1 Definition 51.2 Natural History 51.3 Physical Examination 51.4 Imaging 51.5 Differential Diagnosis 51.6 Treatment Options 51.6.1 Correction Technique for Rigid Sharp Angular Kyphosis Following PVCR 51.7 Expected Outcomes 51.8 Potential Complications 51.9 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 52: Post-Infectious Deformity 52.1 Definition 52.2 Natural History 52.3 Physical Examination 52.4 Imaging 52.5 Differential Diagnosis 52.6 Treatment Options 52.7 Expected Outcomes 52.8 Potential Complications 52.9 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 53: Paget’s Disease 53.1 Definition 53.2 Natural History 53.3 Physical Examination 53.4 Imaging 53.5 Differential Diagnosis 53.6 Treatment Options 53.7 Expected Outcomes 53.8 Potential Complications 53.9 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 54: Ankylosing Disorders of the Spine: AS and DISH 54.1 Definition 54.2 Natural History 54.3 Physical Examination 54.3.1 Imaging 54.4 Differential Diagnosis 54.5 Treatment Options 54.6 Expected Outcomes 54.7 Potential Complications 54.8 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 55: Vertebral Hemangioma 55.1 Definition 55.2 Natural History 55.3 Physical Examination 55.4 Imaging 55.5 Differential Diagnosis 55.6 Treatment Options 55.7 Potential Complications 55.8 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 56: Aneurysmal Bone Cyst 56.1 Definition 56.2 Natural History 56.3 Physical Examination 56.4 Imaging 56.5 Differential Diagnosis 56.6 Treatment Options 56.7 Expected Outcomes 56.8 Potential Complications 56.9 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 57: Giant Cell Tumor 57.1 Definition 57.2 Natural History 57.3 Physical Examination 57.4 Imaging 57.5 Differential Diagnosis 57.6 Treatment Options 57.6.1 Surgery 57.6.2 Embolization 57.6.3 Denosumab 57.7 Expected Outcomes 57.8 Potential Complications 57.9 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 58: Spinal Meningioma 58.1 Definition 58.2 Natural History 58.3 Physical Examination 58.4 Imaging 58.5 Differential Diagnosis 58.6 Treatment Options 58.7 Expected Outcomes 58.8 Potential Complications 58.9 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 59: Spinal Nerve Sheath Tumors (NST): Schwannoma and Neurofibroma 59.1 Definition 59.2 Natural History 59.3 Physical Examination 59.4 Imaging 59.5 Differential Diagnosis 59.6 Treatment Options 59.7 Expected Outcomes 59.8 Potential Complications 59.9 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 60: Spinal Ependymoma 60.1 Definition 60.2 Natural History 60.3 Physical Examination 60.4 Imaging 60.5 Differential Diagnosis 60.6 Treatment Options 60.7 Potential Complications 60.8 Expected Outcomes 60.9 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 61: Plasmacytoma 61.1 Definition 61.2 Natural History 61.3 Physical Examination 61.4 Imaging 61.5 Differential Diagnosis 61.6 Treatment Options 61.7 Expected Outcomes 61.8 Potential Complications 61.9 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 62: Chordoma 62.1 Definition 62.2 Natural History 62.3 Physical Examination 62.4 Imaging 62.5 Differential Diagnosis 62.6 Treatment 62.7 Expected Outcomes 62.8 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 63: Metastatic Lesions of the Spine 63.1 Definition 63.2 Natural History 63.3 Physical Examination 63.4 Imaging 63.5 Differential Diagnosis 63.6 Treatment Options 63.7 Expected Outcomes 63.8 Potential Complications 63.9 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 64: Tuberculosis of Spine 64.1 Definition 64.2 Natural History 64.3 Physical Examination 64.3.1 Imaging 64.4 Differential Diagnosis 64.5 Treatment Options 64.6 Expected Outcomes 64.7 Potential Complications 64.8 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings 65: Pyogenic Spondylodiscitis 65.1 Definition 65.2 Natural History 65.3 Physical Examination 65.4 Imaging 65.5 Differential Diagnosis 65.6 Treatment Options 65.7 Expected Outcomes 65.8 Potential Complications 65.9 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Reading 66: Postsurgical Spinal Infection 66.1 Definition 66.2 Natural History 66.3 Physical Examination 66.4 Imaging 66.5 Differential Diagnosis 66.6 Treatment Options 66.7 Expected Outcomes 66.8 Potential Complications 66.9 What Should Patient and Family Know? Further Readings Appendix A: Classification of Upper Cervical Injuries Occipital Condyle and Occipitocervical Junction C1 Ring and C1–C2 Joint C2 and C2–C3 Appendix B: Subaxial Cervical Spine Classification Appendix C: AO Spine Thoracolumbar Fracture Classification Appendix D: Sacral Fractures (AO Spine Classification System) Appendix E: Osteoporotic Vertebra Fracture Classification Further Reading Appendix F: Glasgow Coma Scale Further Reading Appendix G: ASIA Scale Further Readings Appendix H: King et al. Classification System of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Further Reading Appendix I: Lenke et al. Classification System of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Further Reading Appendix J: Early Onset Scoliosis Classification (C-EOS) Further Readings Appendix K: Classification Systems for Spondylolisthesis Meyerding Classification for Spondylolisthesis Spinal Deformity Study Group (SDSS) Classification Further Readings Appendix L: Castellvi Classification of Lumbosacral Transitional Vertebrae Further Reading Appendix M: Bone Age—Ossification of Hand, Olecranon, and Iliac Apophysis Ossification of Hand (Sanders et al.) and Ossification of the Olecranon (Dimeglio et al.) Ossification of the Hand Ossification of the Olecranon Ossification of the Iliac Apophysis (Risser Sign) Further Readings Appendix N: Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (ODI) Definition Scoring Instructions Interpretation of Scores Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire Further Readings Appendix O: SRS-22 Questionnaire Further Readings Appendix P: Early-Onset Scoliosis Questionnaire Further Reading Appendix Q: Post-Infectious Kyphosis Classification Further Reading
