Essentials of Life-Span Development

Title
Contents
1 Introduction
	Stories of Life-Span Development: How Did Ted Kaczynski Become Ted Kaczynski and Alice Walker Become Alice Walker?
	The Life-Span Perspective
	The Importance of Studying Life-Span Development
	Characteristics of the Life-Span Perspective
	Contemporary Concerns in Life-Span Development
	Careers in Life-Span Development Luis Vargas, Child Clinical Psychologist
	The Nature of Development
	Biological, Cognitive, and Socioemotional Processes
	Periods of Development
	Conceptions of Age
	Developmental Issues
	Theories of Development
	Psychoanalytic Theories
	Cognitive Theories
	Behavioral and Social Cognitive Theories
	Ethological Theory
	Ecological Theory
	An Eclectic Theoretical Orientation
	Research in Life-Span Development
	Methods for Collecting Data
	Research Designs
	Time Span of Research
	Conducting Ethical Research
	Summary
	Key Terms
2 Biological Beginnings
	Stories of Life-Span Development: The Jim and Jim Twins
	The Evolutionary Perspective
	Natural Selection and Adaptive Behavior
	Evolutionary Psychology
	Genetic Foundations of Development
	Genes and Chromosomes 3
	Genetic Principles
	Chromosome- and Gene-Linked Abnormalities
	Careers in Life-Span Development Holly Ishmael, Genetic Counselor
	The Interaction of Heredity and Environment: The Nature-Nurture Debate
	Behavior Genetics
	Heredity-Environment Correlations
	The Epigenetic View and Gene X Environment (G X E) Interaction
	Conclusions About Heredity-Environment Interaction
	Prenatal Development
	The Course of Prenatal Development
	Prenatal Tests
	Infertility and Reproductive Technology
	Hazards to Prenatal Development
	Prenatal Care
	Birth and the Postpartum Period
	The Birth Process
	The Transition from Fetus to Newborn
	Careers in Life-Span Development
	Linda Pugh, Perinatal Nurse Low Birth Weight and Preterm Infants
	Bonding
	The Postpartum Period
	Summary
	Key Terms
3 Physical and Cognitive Development in Infancy
	Stories of Life-Span Development: Newborn Babies in Ghana and Nigeria
	Physical Growth and Development in Infancy
	Patterns of Growth
	Height and Weight
	The Brain
	Sleep
	Nutrition
	Careers in Life-Span Development T. Berry Brazelton, Pediatrician
	Motor Development
	The Dynamic Systems View
	Refl exes
	Gross Motor Skills
	Fine Motor Skills
	Sensory and Perceptual Development
	Exploring Sensory and Perceptual Development
	Visual Perception
	Other Senses
	Intermodal Perception
	Nature, Nurture, and Perceptual Development
	Perceptual Motor Coupling
	Cognitive Development
	Piaget’s Theory
	Learning, Remembering, and Conceptualizing
	Language Development
	Defi ning Language
	How Language Develops
	Biological and Environmental Infl uences
	Summary
	Key Terms
4 Socioemotional Development in Infancy
	Stories of Life-Span Development: Darius and His Father
	Emotional and Personality Development
	Emotional Development
	Temperament
	Personality Development
	Social Orientation and Attachment
	Social Orientation and Understanding
	Attachment
	Social Contexts
	The Family
	Child Care
	Careers in Life-Span Development Wanda Mitchell, Child-Care Director
	Summary
	Key Terms
5 Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
	Stories of Life-Span Development: Reggio Emilia’s Children
	Physical Changes
	Body Growth and Change
	Motor Development
	Nutrition and Exercise
	Illness and Death
	Cognitive Changes
	Piaget’s Preoperational Stage
	Vygotsky’s Theory
	Information Processing
	Language Development
	Understanding Phonology and Morphology
	Changes in Syntax and Semantics
	Advances in Pragmatics
	Young Children’s Literacy
	Early Childhood Education
	Variations in Early Childhood Education
	Education for Young Children Who Are Disadvantaged
	Careers in Life-Span Development Yolanda Garcia, Director of Children’s Services, Head Start
	Controversies in Early Childhood Education
	Summary
	Key Terms
6 Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood
	Stories of Life-Span Development: Craig Lesley’s Complicated Early Emotional and Social Life
	Emotional and Personality Development
	The Self
	Emotional Development
	Moral Development
	Gender
	Families
	Parenting
	Careers in Life-Span Development Darla Botkin, Marriage and Family Therapist
	Child Maltreatment
	Sibling Relationships and Birth Order
	The Changing Family in a Changing Society
	Peer Relations, Play, and Television
	Peer Relations
	Play
	Television
	Summary
	Key Terms
7 Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle and Late Childhood
	Stories of Life-Span Development: Angie and Her Weight
	Physical Changes and Health
	Body Growth and Change
	The Brain
	Motor Development
	Exercise
	Health, Illness, and Disease
	Careers in Life-Span Development Sharon McLeod, Child Life Specialist
	Children With Disabilities
	The Scope of Disabilities
	Educational Issues
	Cognitive Changes
	Piaget’s Cognitive Developmental Theory
	Information Processing
	Intelligence
	Language Development
	Vocabulary, Grammar, and Metalinguistic Awareness
	Reading
	Bilingualism and Second- Language Learning
	Summary
	Key Terms
8 Socioemotional Development in Middle and Late Childhood
	Stories of Life-Span Development: Learning in Troubled Schools
	Emotional and Personality Development
	The Self
	Emotional Development
	Moral Development
	Gender
	Families
	Developmental Changes in Parent-Child Relationships
	Parents as Managers
	Stepfamilies
	Peers
	Developmental Changes
	Peer Status
	Social Cognition
	Bullying
	Friends
	Schools
	Contemporary Approaches to Student Learning
	Socioeconomic Status, Ethnicity, and Culture
	Careers in Life-Span Development James Comer, Child Psychiatrist
	Summary
	Key Terms
9 Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
	Stories of Life-Span Development: Annie, Arnie, and Katie
	The Nature of Adolescence
	Physical Changes
	Puberty
	The Brain
	Adolescent Sexuality
	Careers in Life-Span Development Lynn Blankenship, Family and Consumer Science Educator
	Issues in Adolescent Health
	Nutrition and Exercise
	Sleep Patterns
	Leading Causes of Death in Adolescents
	Substance Use and Abuse
	Eating Disorders
	Adolescent Cognition
	Piaget’s Theory
	Adolescent Egocentrism
	Information Processing
	Schools
	The Transition to Middle or Junior High School
	Effective Schools for Young Adolescents
	High School
	Service Learning
	Summary
	Key Terms
10 Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
	Stories of Life-Span Development: Jewel Cash, Teen Dynamo
	Identity
	What Is Identity?
	Erikson’s View
	Developmental Changes
	Ethnic Identity
	Families
	Autonomy and Attachment
	Parent-Adolescent Confl ict
	Peers
	Friendships
	Peer Groups
	Dating and Romantic Relationships
	Culture and Adolescent Development
	Cross-Cultural Comparisons
	Ethnicity
	The Media
	Adolescent Problems
	Juvenile Delinquency
	Careers in Life-Span Development Rodney Hammond, Health Psychologist
	Depression and Suicide
	The Interrelation of Problems and Successful Prevention/ Intervention Programs
	Summary
	Key Terms
11 Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood
	Stories of Life-Span Development: Dave Eggers, Pursuing a Career in the Face of Stress
	The Transition from Adolescence to Adulthood
	Becoming an Adult
	The Transition from High School to College
	Careers in Life-Span Development Grace Leaf, College/Career Counselor
	Physical Development
	Physical Performance and Development
	Health
	Sexuality
	Sexual Activity in Emerging Adulthood
	Sexual Orientation and Behavior
	Sexually Transmitted Infections
	Forcible Sexual Behavior and Sexual Harassment
	Cognitive Development
	Cognitive Stages
	Creativity
	Careers and Work
	Careers
	Work
	Summary
	Key Terms
12 Socioemotional Development in Early Adulthood
	Stories of Life-Span Development: Gwenna’s Pursuit and Greg’s Lack of Commitment
	Stability and Change from Childhood to Adulthood
	Love and Close Relationships
	Intimacy
	Friendship
	Romantic and Affectionate Love
	Consummate Love
	Adult Lifestyles
	Single Adults
	Cohabiting Adults
	Married Adults
	Divorced Adults
	Remarried Adults
	Gay and Lesbian Adults
	Challenges in Marriage, Parenting, and Divorce
	Making Marriage Work
	Becoming a Parent
	Careers in Life-Span Development Janis Keyser, Parent Educator
	Dealing With Divorce
	Gender, Communication, and Relationships
	Summary
	Key Terms
13 Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood
	Stories of Life-Span Development: Jim Croce, Time in a Bottle
	The Nature of Middle Adulthood
	Changing Midlife
	Defi ning Middle Adulthood
	Physical Development
	Physical Changes
	Health and Disease
	Mortality Rates
	Sexuality
	Cognitive Development
	Intelligence
	Information Processing
	Careers, Work, and Leisure
	Work in Midlife
	Career Challenges and Changes
	Leisure
	Religion and Meaning in Life
	Religion and Adult Lives
	Religion and Health
	Careers in Life-Span Development Gabriel Dy-Liacco, Pastoral Counselor
	Meaning in Life
	Summary
	Key Terms
14 Socioemotional Development in Middle Adulthood
	Stories of Life-Span Development: Sarah and Wanda, Middle-Age Variations
	Personality Theories and Development
	Stages of Adulthood
	The Life-Events Approach
	Stress and Personal Control in Midlife
	Contexts of Midlife Development
	Stability and Change
	Longitudinal Studies
	Conclusions
	Close Relationships
	Love and Marriage at Midlife
	The Empty Nest and Its Refi lling
	Sibling Relationships and Friendships
	Grandparenting
	Intergenerational Relationships
	Summary
	Key Terms
15 Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood
	Stories of Life-Span Development: Learning to Age Successfully
	Longevity, Biological Aging, and Physical Development
	Longevity
	Biological Theories of Aging
	The Aging Brain
	Physical Development
	Sexuality
	Health
	Health Problems
	Exercise, Nutrition, and Weight
	Health Treatment
	Careers in Life-Span Development Sarah Kagan, Geriatric Nurse
	Cognitive Functioning
	Multidimensionality and Multidirectionality
	Use It or Lose It
	Training Cognitive Skills
	Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging
	Work and Retirement
	Work
	Adjustment to Retirement
	Mental Health
	Depression
	Dementia, Alzheimer Disease, and Parkinson Disease
	Summary
	Key Terms
16 Socioemotional Development ent in Late Adulthood
	Stories of Life-Span Development: Bob Cousy, Adapting to Life as an Older Adult
	Theories of Socioemotional Development
	Erikson’s Theory
	Activity Theory
	Socioemotional Selectivity Theory
	Selective Optimization With Compensation Theory
	Personality and Society
	Personality
	Older Adults in Society
	Families and Social Relationships
	Lifestyle Diversity
	Older Adult Parents and Their Adult Children
	Friendship
	Social Support and Social Integration
	Altruism and Volunteerism
	Ethnicity, Gender, and Culture
	Ethnicity
	Careers in Life-Span Development Norma Thomas, Social Work Professor and Administrator
	Gender
	Culture
	Successful Aging
	Summary
	Key Terms
17 Death, Dying, and Grieving
	Stories of Life-Span Development: Paige Farley-Hackel and Ruth McCourt, 9/11/2001
	Defi ning Death and Life/Death Issues
	Determining Death
	Decisions Regarding Life, Death, and Health Care
	Careers in Life-Span Development Kathy McLaughlin, Home Hospice Nurse
	Death and Sociohistorical, Cultural Contexts
	Changing Historical Circumstances
	Death in Different Cultures
	Facing One’s Own Death
	Kübler-Ross’ Stages of Dying
	Perceived Control and Denial
	Coping With the Death of Someone Else
	Communicating With a Dying Person
	Grieving
	Making Sense of the World
	Losing a Life Partner
	Forms of Mourning
	Summary
	Key Terms
Glossary
References
Credits
Name Index
Subject Index