Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Laboratory Manual 7th Edition

Cover
Inside Front Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
The Human Body and Orientation
	1 The Language of Anatomy
		1 Demonstrating the Anatomical Position
		2 Locating Body Landmarks
		3 Practicing Using Correct Anatomical Terminology
		4 Observing Sectioned Specimens
		5 Locating Abdominal Surface Regions
		Review Sheet
	2 Organ Systems Overview
		1 Studying the Organ Systems of the Body and Their Functions
		Dissection Rat Dissection and/or Observation
		2 Observing External Structures
		3 Examining the Mouth (Oral Cavity)
		4 Opening the Ventral Body Cavity
		5 Examining the Ventral Body Cavity
		6 Examining the Human Torso Model
		Review Sheet
The Cell
	3 The Cell—Anatomy and Division
		1 Identifying Parts of a Cell
		2 Identifying Components of a Plasma Membrane
		3 Locating Organelles
		4 Observing Differences and Similarities in Cell Structure
		5 Identifying the Mitotic Stages
		6 Creating Mitotic Figures
		Review Sheet
	4 Cell Membrane Transport Mechanisms
		1 Observing Diffusion of Dye Through Agar Gel
		2 Observing Diffusion Through Nonliving Membranes
		3 Investigating Diffusion Through Living Membranes
		Review Sheet
Basic Tissues and The Skin
	5 Classification of Tissues
		1 Examining Epithelial Tissue Under the Microscope
		2 Examining Connective Tissue Under the Microscope
		3 Examining Muscle Tissue Under the Microscope
		4 Examining Nervous Tissue Under the Microscope
		Review Sheet
	6 The Skin (Integumentary System)
		1 Locating Structures on a Skin Model
		2 Visualizing Changes in Skin Color Due to Continuous External Pressure
		3 Viewing Two Types of Pressure Receptors Microscopically
		4 Determining the Two-Point Threshold
		5 Testing Tactile Localization
		6 Demonstrating Adaptation of Touch Receptors
		7 Plotting the Distribution of Sweat Glands
		8 Examining Hair Structures on a Skin Slide
		9 Identifying Nail Structures
		Review Sheet
The Skeletal System
	7 Overview of the Skeleton
		1 Examining and Classifying Bones
		2 Examining a Long Bone
		3 Comparing the Relative Contributions of Bone Salts and Collagen Fibers in Bone Matrix
		4 Examining the Effects of Heat and Hydrochloric Acid on Bones
		5 Examining the Microscopic Structure of Compact Bone
		Review Sheet
	8 The Axial Skeleton
		1 Identifying the Bones of the Adult Skull
		2 Palpating Skull Markings
		3 Examining a Fetal Skull
		4 Examining Spinal Curvatures
		5 Palpating the Spinous Processes
		6 Examining Vertebral Structure
		7 Examining the Relationship Between Ribs and Vertebrae
		Review Sheet
	9 The Appendicular Skeleton
		1 Examining and Identifying Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton
		2 Palpating the Surface Anatomy of the Pectoral Girdle and the Upper Limb
		3 Palpating the Surface Anatomy of the Pelvic Girdle
		4 Comparing Male and Female Pelves
		5 Palpating the Surface Anatomy of the Lower Limb
		6 Identifying Bone Unknowns
		7 Constructing a Skeleton
		Review Sheet
	10 Joints and Body Movements
		1 Identifying Fibrous Joints
		2 Identifying Cartilaginous Joints
		3 Examining Synovial Joint Structure
		4 Demonstrating the Importance of Friction-Reducing Structures
		5 Identifying Types of Synovial Joints
		6 Demonstrating Movements of Synovial Joints
		7 Demonstrating Uniaxial, Biaxial, and Multiaxial Movements
		Review Sheet
The Muscular System
	11 Microscopic Anatomy and Organization of Skeletal Muscle
		1 Examining Skeletal Muscle Cell Anatomy
		2 Observing the Structure of a Skeletal Muscle
		3 Studying the Structure of a Neuromuscular Junction
		Review Sheet
	12 Gross Anatomy of the Muscular System
		1 Identifying Head and Neck Muscles
		2 Identifying Muscles of the Trunk
		3 Demonstrating Operation of Trunk Muscles
		4 Identifying Muscles of the Upper Limb
		5 Identifying Muscles of the Hip and Lower Limb
		6 Palpating Muscles of the Hip and Lower Limb
		7 Making a Muscle Painting
		Review Sheet
Regulatory Systems: Neural and Endocrine
	13 Neuron Anatomy and Physiology
		1 Identifying Parts of a Neuron
		2 Examining the Microscopic Structure of a Nerve
		Review Sheet
	14 Gross Anatomy of the Brain and Cranial Nerves
		1 Identifying External Brain Structures
		2 Identifying Internal Brain Structures
		3 Tracing the Pathway of Cerebrospinal Fluid in the Brain
		4 Identifying and Testing the Cranial Nerves
		Dissection The Sheep Brain
		Review Sheet
	15 Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
		1 Identifying Structures of the Spinal Cord
		Dissection Spinal Cord
		2 Identifying the Major Nerve Plexuses and Peripheral Nerves
		Review Sheet
	16 Human Reflex Physiology
		1 Initiating Stretch Reflexes
		2 Initiating the Plantar Reflex
		3 Initiating the Corneal Reflex
		4 Initiating Pupillary Reflexes
		Review Sheet
	17 The Special Senses
		1 Identifying Accessory Eye Structures
		2 Identifying Internal Structures of the Eye
		Dissection The Cow (Sheep) Eye
		3 Demonstrating the Blind Spot
		4 Determining Near Point of Accommodation
		5 Testing Visual Acuity
		6 Testing for Astigmatism
		7 Testing for Color Blindness
		8 Demonstrating Reflex Activity of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Eye Muscles
		9 Identifying Structures of the Ear
		10 Examining the Ear with an Otoscope (Optional)
		11 Examining the Microscopic Structure of the Cochlea
		12 Conducting Laboratory Tests of Hearing
		13 Conducting Laboratory Tests on Equilibrium
		14 Identifying Papillae on the Tongue
		15 Stimulating Taste Buds
		16 Examining the Combined Effects of Smell, Texture, and Temperature on Taste
		Review Sheet
	18 Functional Anatomy of the Endocrine Glands
		1 Examining the Microscopic Structure of the Thyroid Gland
		2 Palpating the Thyroid Gland
		3 Examining the Microscopic Structure of the Pancreas to Identify Alpha and Beta Cells
		4 Observing the Effects of Hyperinsulinism
		5 Identifying the Endocrine Organs
		Review Sheet
The Circulatory System
	19 Blood
		1 Determining the Physical Characteristics of Plasma
		2 Examining the Formed Elements of Blood Microscopically
		3 Determining the Hematocrit
		4 Determining Hemoglobin Concentration
		5 Determining Coagulation Time
		6 Typing for ABO and Rh Blood Groups
		Review Sheet
	20 Anatomy of the Heart
		1 Using the Heart Model to Study Heart Anatomy
		2 Tracing the Path of Blood Through the Heart
		3 Examining Cardiac Muscle Cells
		Dissection The Sheep Heart
		Review Sheet
	21 Anatomy of Blood Vessels
		1 Examining the Microscopic Structure of Arteries and Veins
		2 Locating Arteries on an Anatomical Chart or Model
		3 Identifying the Systemic Veins
		4 Identifying Vessels of the Pulmonary Circulation
		5 Tracing the Pathway of Fetal Blood Flow
		6 Tracing the Hepatic Portal Circulation
		7 Tracing the Arterial Supply of the Brain
		Review Sheet
	22 Human Cardiovascular Physiology—Blood Pressure and Pulse Determinations
		1 Auscultating Heart Sounds
		2 Taking an Apical Pulse
		3 Palpating Superficial Pulse Points
		4 Using a Sphygmomanometer to Measure Arterial Blood Pressure Indirectly
		5 Observing the Effect of Various Factors on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate
		6 Examining the Effect of Local Chemical and Physical Factors on Skin Color
		Review Sheet
The Respiratory System
	23 Anatomy of the Respiratory System
		1 Identifying the Upper Respiratory System Organs
		2 Identifying the Lower Respiratory System Organs
		3 Demonstrating Lung Inflation in a Sheep Pluck
		4 Examining Prepared Slides of Trachea and Lung Tissue
		Review Sheet
	24 Respiratory System Physiology
		1 Operating the Model Lung
		2 Measuring Respiratory Volumes
		3 Demonstrating Respiratory Variations
		Review Sheet
Other Major Systems
	25 Functional Anatomy of the Digestive System
		1 Observing the Histologic Structure of the Alimentary Canal Wall
		2 Identifying Alimentary Canal Organs
		3 Examining the Villus Model
		4 Identifying Types of Teeth
		5 Studying Internal Tooth Anatomy
		6 Locating the Salivary Glands
		7 Locating the Liver, Pancreas, and Associated Structures
		8 Examining the Histology of the Liver
		9 Assessing Protein Digestion by Trypsin
		10 Demonstrating the Action of Bile on Fats
		11 Observing Movements and Auscultating the Sounds of Digestion
		Review Sheet
	26 Functional Anatomy of the Urinary System
		1 Identifying Urinary System Organs
		Dissection Gross Internal Anatomy of the Pig or Sheep Kidney
		2 Studying Nephron Structure
		3 Analyzing Urine Samples
		Review Sheet
	27 Anatomy of the Reproductive System
		1 Identifying Male Reproductive Organs
		2 Viewing Sperm Microscopically
		3 Identifying Female Reproductive Organs
		4 Conducting a Microscopic Study of the Ovary
		Review Sheet
Histology Atlas
Appendix A The Microscope
Credits
Index
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	B
	C
	D
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	F
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	H
	I
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	M
	N
	O
	P
	Q
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	X
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