Essentials of Arduino™ Boards Programming: Step-by-Step Guide to Master Arduino Boards Hardware and Software (Maker Innovations Series)

Table of Contents
About the Author
About the Technical Reviewer
Introduction
Chapter 1: Introduction to Arduino Boards
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Microcontrollers
	1.3 Elements of a Microcontroller
	1.4 Difference Between Microcontroller and Microprocessor
	1.5 Arduino Boards
	1.6 Programming the Arduino Boards
	1.7 Downloading the Arduino IDE
	1.8 HEX File
	1.9 Uploading a Program onto the Arduino Board
	1.10 Power Supply for the Arduino Board
	1.11 Ready-to-Use Examples
	1.12 Arduino Shields
	1.13 Language Reference
	1.14 References for Further Study
Chapter 2: Digital Input/Output (I/O)
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Properties of Pins Configured As Input
	2.3 Pull-Up or Pull-Down Resistors with Pins Configured As Input
	2.4 Properties of Pins Configured As INPUT_PULLUP
	2.5 Properties of Pins Configured As OUTPUT
	2.6 Blinking the Onboard LED
	2.7 Delay Generation with the millis Function
	2.8 Measurement of Time Used to Run the Commands
	2.9 Delay in the Range of Microseconds
	2.10 Blink Two LEDs
	2.11 RGB LED
	2.12 One-Digit Decimal Counter
	2.13 Binary Counter
	2.14 Binary Counter with 74LS595 Shift Register
	2.15 Four-Digit Display
	2.16 TM1637 Four-Digit Display
	2.17 Reading Digital Data
	2.18 Internal Pull-Up Resistor
	2.19 Toggle a Pin
	2.20 One-Digit Decimal Counter
	2.21 Electronic Dice
	2.22 Reading a Keypad
	2.23 Simple Calculator
	2.24 Simple Digital Lock
	2.25 Switch Bouncing and How to Avoid It
	2.26 Implementation of Logic Functions
	2.27 Bit Shift Operators
	2.28 Logical Bitwise Operations
	2.29 Setting and Clearing a Specific Bit
	2.30 Control a Buzzer with Arduino
	2.31 Control a Relay with Arduino
	2.32 References for Further Study
Chapter 3: Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) and Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Protection of ADC
	3.3 Simple DC Voltmeter
	3.4 Serial Plotter
	3.5 AREF Pin
	3.6 Speed of Conversion
	3.7 Voltage Level Indicator
	3.8 Measurement of Negative Voltages
	3.9 Measurement of Current Signals
	3.10 External ADC and DAC
	3.11 PCF8591 As ADC
	3.12 PCF8591 As DAC
	3.13 References for Further Study
Chapter 4: LCD and EEPROM
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Showing Text on Parallel LCD
	4.3 Showing Text on I2C Serial LCD
	4.4 Internal EEPROM
	4.5 get() and put() Commands
	4.6 External EEPROM
	4.7 Writing and Reading Integer Numbers to the External EEPROM
	4.8 Writing and Reading Structures to the External EEPROM
	4.9 References for Further Study
Chapter 5: Serial Communication
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Observing the Data Transfer with an Oscilloscope
	5.3 Sending a String to a Computer
	5.4 Receiving a String from a Computer
	5.5 Receiving Floating-Point Numbers
	5.6 Receiving Integer Numbers
	5.7 Printing the Quotation Mark
	5.8 Printing Binary and Hexadecimal Numbers
	5.9 Useful Functions for String Variables
	5.10 Useful Functions for Character Variables
	5.11 References for Further Study
Chapter 6: Mathematical Functions
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Basic Mathematical Function
	6.3 Overflow of Variables
	6.4 E Notation
	6.5 Map Function
	6.6 sizeof Operator
	6.7 Defining Binary and Hexadecimal Variables
	6.8 References for Further Study
Chapter 7: Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 PWM Generation on Pin 9
	7.3 PWM Generation on Pin 5
	7.4 Duty Cycle Control with Potentiometer
	7.5 Control the Intensity of an LED
	7.6 Change the Frequency of the PWM Signal
	7.7 References for Further Study
Chapter 8: Control of Different Types of Motors
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Control of Servo Motor
	8.3 Control of BLDC
	8.4 Control of Stepper motor with A4988 Driver
	8.5 Control of 28BYJ-48 5V Stepper motor
	8.6 Control of DC Motor
	8.7 Reading an Encoder
	8.8 Control of Servo Motor with Encoder
	8.9 References for Further Study
Chapter 9: Interrupts and Internal Comparator
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Simple Frequency Meter
	9.3 Improved Simple Frequency Meter
	9.4 Frequency Measurement with the FreqCount Library
	9.5 pulseIn Command
	9.6 Triggering an Interrupt with a Push Button
	9.7 Triggering an Interrupt with Level
	9.8 Comparator Interrupt
	9.9 Important Registers of the Internal Analog Comparator
	9.10 Example Code for the Internal Comparator
	9.11 Pin Change Interrupt
	9.12 References for Further Study
Chapter 10: Timers
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Clear Timer on Compare Match (CTC) Mode
	10.3 Timer 1 in CTC Mode
	10.4 Timer 2 in CTC Mode
	10.5 References for Further Study
Chapter 11: Reading Different Sensors with Arduino
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 DHT11 Temperature Sensor
	11.3 HCSR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
	11.4 YL69 Soil Moisture Sensor
	11.5 References for Further Study
Appendix A: Testing the Components
	A.1 Introduction
	A.2 Testing the Resistors
	A.3 Testing the Diodes
	A.4 Testing the LEDs
	A.5 Testing the Capacitors and Inductors
	A.6 Servo Motor Tester with 555 IC
Index