Essential Techniques of Alveolar Bone Augmentation in Implant Dentistry: A Surgical Manual

Cover Page
Dedication Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Author and the Editor
Contributors
About the Companion Website
Section I: Introduction: Essential Clinical Knowledge
	CHAPTER 1 Bone Biology and Wound Healing
		Chapter 1.1 Bone Biology
			BONE TISSUE ANATOMICAL ASPECTS
				MAIN CELLULAR COMPONENTS
				COMPOSITION
				STRUCTURE
			BONE REMODELING AND HEALING
				BONE REMODELING
				BONE HEALING
				WHAT CAN COMPROMISE BONE HEALING?
				BONE ANGIOGENESIS
			BIOMATERIALS FOR BONE REGENERATION
				BONE GRAFTS
				SYNTHETIC HYDROXYAPATITE-BASED BIOMATERIALS
				POLYMERS
				BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN-2
				PLATELET CONCENTRATES
			OSSEOINTEGRATION
				PHASES OF OSSEOINTEGRATION
			BONE LOADING
				THRESHOLD STRAIN
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 1.2 Wound Healing
			OVERVIEW OF THE WOUND HEALING PROCESS
				PHASES OF WOUND HEALING
				WHICH FACTORS CAN LEAD TO IMPAIRED HEALING?
				MAIN TYPES OF WOUND HEALING
			ORAL SOFT TISSUE WOUND HEALING
				ORAL SOFT TISSUE SPECIAL FEATURES: INTRINSIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ORAL MUCOSA AND SKIN
				SCAR AND SCARLESS WOUND HEALING IN ORAL SOFT TISSUES
				EARLY WOUND HEALING SCORE: A METHOD TO ASSESS PRIMARY INTENTION WOUND HEALING
			REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 2 Applied Surgical Anatomy of the Jaws
		MAXILLA: SURGICAL ANATOMY
			SURGICAL ACCESS TO THE MAXILLARY SINUS
			MUSCLES ATTACHED TO THE MAXILLA OFSURGICAL IMPORTANCE
			SENSORY INNERVATION OF THE MAXILLA
			ARTERIAL SUPPLY TO THE MAXILLA
			VENOUS DRAINAGE FROM THE MAXILLA
			LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE FROM THE MAXILLA
		MANDIBLE: SURGICAL ANATOMY
			MUSCLE ATTACHMENT TO THE MANDIBLE OF SURGICAL IMPORTANCE TO ORAL IMPLANTOLOGISTS
			INNERVATION OF THE LOWER JAW AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES
			BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE MANDIBLE
		SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
		ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 3 Radiographic Evaluation of the Alveolar Ridge in Implant Dentistry: CBCT Technology
		THE ROLE OF RADIOGRAPHY IN IMPLANT DENTISTRY
			PERIAPICAL RADIOGRAPHY
			PANORAMIC RADIOGRAPHY
			OCCLUSAL RADIOGRAPHY
			CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
		ANATOMICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR TREATMENT PLANNING
		ANTERIOR MAXILLA
			NASOPALATINE (INCISIVE) CANAL
			CANALIS SINUOSUS
			ANTERIOR NASAL SPINE AND NASAL FLOOR
			PATTERN OF RIDGE ATROPHY IN THE ANTERIOR MAXILLA
		POSTERIOR MAXILLA
			MAXILLARY SINUS
			GREATER PALATINE FORAMEN
			PATTERN OF RIDGE ATROPHY INTHE POSTERIOR MAXILLA
		ANTERIOR MANDIBLE
			MANDIBULAR INCISIVE CANAL
			LINGUAL FORAMEN AND LATERAL CANALS
			GENIAL TUBERCLES
			PATTERN OF RIDGE ATROPHY IN THE ANTERIOR MANDIBLE
		POSTERIOR MANDIBLE
			INFERIOR ALVEOLAR (MANDIBULAR) CANAL
			MENTAL FORAMEN
			SUBMANDIBULAR AND SUBLINGUAL FOSSAE
			LINGUAL NERVE
			PATTERN OF RIDGE ATROPHY IN THE POSTERIOR MANDIBLE
		IMAGING CONSIDERATIONS FOR CBCT UTILIZATION
			TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS
			BONE QUALITY AND BONE DENSITY ASSESSMENT
			PATHOLOGY DETECTION
			RADIATION DOSE
		INTERACTIVE IMPLANT TREATMENT PLANNING
		SURGICAL GUIDES
		NEWER TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 4 Prosthetic Comprehensive Oral Evaluation in Implant Dentistry
		INITIAL EVALUATION
			DIAGNOSTIC WORK-UP
			DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT PLAN
			SMILE EVALUATION
			DIAGNOSTIC CASTS AND WAX-UP
			RADIOGRAPHIC IMPLANT GUIDE
		CLINICAL APPLICATIONS
			PROSTHETIC EVALUATION AND TREATMENT PLANNING OF PARTIALLY EDENTULOUS PATIENTS IN THE ESTHETIC ZONE
			PROSTHETIC EVALUATION AND TREATMENT PLANNING OF PARTIALLY EDENTULOUS PATIENTS IN THE POSTERIOR DENTITION
			PROSTHETIC EVALUATION AND TREATMENT PLANNING OF THE COMPLETELY EDENTULOUS PATIENT
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 5 Alveolar Ridge Defects and Bone Augmentation Techniques: Surgical Algorithm
		RIDGE PRESERVATION AND RIDGE AUGMENTATION
			RIDGE PRESERVATION
			RIDGE AUGMENTATION
		BONE DEFECTS, BONE GRAFTS, AND BONE GRAFTING TECHNIQUES
			EXTRAOSSEOUS VERSUS INTRAOSSEOUS ALVEOLAR BONE DEFECTS
			ONLAY VERSUS INLAY ALVEOLAR BONE GRAFTS
			STATIC VERSUS DYNAMIC SURGICAL TECHNIQUES
		RISK FACTORS IN BONE AUGMENTATION PROCEDURES IN IMPLANT DENTISTRY
		MAIN SURGICAL TECHNIQUES OF BONE AUGMENTATION IN IMPLANT DENTISTRY
			GUIDED BONE REGENERATION
			BLOCK BONE GRAFTING
			RIDGE-SPLITEXPANSION PROCEDURE
			DISTRACTION OSTEOGENESIS
		ALTERNATIVE SURGICAL TECHNIQUES
		GRAFT HEALING AND VASCULARIZATION
		ALVEOLAR BONE AUGMENTATION DECISION TREE ALGORITHM
			ALVEOLAR BONE CLASSIFICATION BY DEFICIENCY (ABCD) – THE OLSTUNOV CLASSIFICATION
			EXAMPLES OF THE TOLSTUNOV CLASSIFICATION
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 6 Incision Design, Soft Tissue Flaps, and Wound Closure in Alveolar Bone Augmentation Surgeries in Implant Dentistry
		INCISION DESIGN IN ALVEOLAR BONE AUGMENTATION SURGERIES
		SOFT TISSUE FLAPS IN ALVEOLAR BONE AUGMENTATION SURGERIES
			VASCULARITY PATTERNS
			FLAP DESIGNS
		REFLECTION OF THE MUCOPERIOSTEUM
		PREPARING FOR WOUND CLOSURE
			TENSION RELEASE INCISIONS
		WOUND CLOSURE IN ALVEOLAR BONE AUGMENTATION SURGERIES
			PRINCIPLES OF SUTURING
			TYPES OF SUTURES
		COMPLICATIONS
			NERVE INJURY
			BLEEDING
			WOUND DEHISCENCE
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 7 Biological Rationale of the Surgical Procedure: Bone Augmentation
		GRAFT REVASCULARIZATION SOURCES
		CONCLUSION
		ACKNOWLEDGMENT
		REFERENCES
Section II: Ridge Preservation
	CHAPTER 8 Bone Grafting Materials for Bone Preservation and Augmentation in Implant Dentistry: Surgical Algorithm
		AUTOGENOUS BONE GRAFTS
		ALLOGRAFTS
		XENOGRAFTS
		ALLOPLASTS
		CALCIUM PHOSPHATES
			TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE
			HYDROXYAPATITE
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 9 Guided Bone Regeneration for Extraction Sockets: Ridge Preservation
		REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
		SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
		CASE REPORTS
			CASE 1
			CASE 2
		DISCUSSION
		CONCLUSION
		ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 10 Platelet-Rich Fibrin for Bone Augmentation in Implant Dentistry
		THE EVOLUTION (HISTORY) OF PLATELET-RICH FIBRIN
		LEUKOCYTE AND PLATELET-RICHFIBRIN
		PROTOCOLS TO PRODUCE PLATELET-RICH FIBRIN VIA HORIZONTAL CENTRIFUGATION
		CLINICAL USES OF PLATELET-RICH FIBRININ BONE AUGMENTATION
			USE OF PLATELET-RICH FIBRIN IN EXTRACTION SITE MANAGEMENT
			PLATELET-RICH FIBRIN FOR GUIDED BONE REGENERATION
			PLATELET-RICH FIBRIN FOR SINUS GRAFTING PROCEDURES
		ADVANTAGES OF THE USE OF PLATELET-RICH FIBRIN
		DISCUSSION AND FUTURE RESEARCH
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
Section III: Ridge Augmentation: Horizontal
	CHAPTER 11 Guided Bone Regeneration with Resorbable and Non-resorbable Membranes for (Mainly) Horizontal Alveolar Bone Augmentation in Implant Dentistry
		APPLIED SURGICAL ANATOMY
			INDICATIONS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS
			INDICATIONS
			CONTRAINDICATIONS
		BASIC PRINCIPLES OF GUIDED BONE REGENERATION
			PRIMARY WOUND CLOSURE
			ANGIOGENESIS
			SPACE MAINTENANCE
			WOUND STABILITY
		DESCRIPTION OF SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
			INCISIONS AND FLAP DESIGN
			FLAP ELEVATION AND SITE PREPARATION
			BUCCAL FLAP RELEASE
			HARVESTING OF BONE
			FLAP CLOSURE TECHNIQUE
		CASE REPORTS
			CASE 1
			CASE 2
			CASE 3
			CASE 4
			CASE 5
			CASE 6
		POST-OPERATIVECARE
		COMPLICATIONS
		DISCUSSION
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 12 Autogenous Block Bone Graft for Horizontal Ridge Augmentation in Implant Dentistry
		RECIPIENT SITE ANALYSIS
		BLOCK BONE AUGMENTATION TECHNIQUES
			ONLAY BONE GRAFTING
			GUIDED BONE REGENERATION AND ONLAY BONE BLOCK GRAFTING
			CORTICAL AUTOGENOUS TENTING
		REGENERATIVE TECHNIQUES IN BONE GRAFTING
			PLATELET DERIVATIVES
			MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS
		CASE PRESENTATIONS
			CASE 1
			CASE 2
			CASE 3
			CASE 4
			CASE 5
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 13 Allogenic Block Graft as an Alternative to Autogenous Block Graft for Augmentation of Horizontal Alveolar Bone Defects in Implant Dentistry
		INDICATIONS FOR ALLOGENIC BLOCK GRAFTS
		DISTINGUISHING FEATURES OF IRRADIATED ALLOGENIC BLOCK GRAFTS
		MATERIALS AND METHODS
		PATIENT SELECTION CRITERIA
		PRE-OPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS
		TECHNIQUE OF ALLOGENIC BLOCK GRAFT FOR A SINGLE ANTERIOR TOOTH
			FLAP DESIGN
			PREPARATION OF THE RECIPIENT BONE BED FOR DECORTICATION AND PERIOSTEAL RELEASE INCISION (SCORING)
			CONFORMING THE BLOCK
			FIXATION OF THE BLOCK
			MANAGEMENT OF VOIDS AND COVERAGE
			RE-ENTRY FOR IMPLANT PLACEMENT
		TECHNIQUE OF ALLOGENIC BLOCK GRAFT FOR ANTERIOR SEXTANT
			PRE-OPERATIVE PLANNING
			SURGICAL PROCEDURE
			PREPARATION OF THE RECIPIENT BED AND ADAPTATION OF THE ALLOGENIC BLOCK
			POST-OPERATIVE ASSESSMENT AND SURGICAL RE-ENTRY
			BIOPSY INTERPRETATION
			IMPLANT PLACEMENT AND COMPLETION OF PROSTHETIC REHABILITATION
		TECHNIQUE OF ALLOGENIC BLOCK GRAFT FOR POSTERIOR SEXTANT
			PRE-OPERATIVE PLANNING
			SURGICAL PROCEDURE
			PREPARATION OF THE RECIPIENT BED AND ADAPTATION OF THE ALLOGENIC BLOCK
			POST-OPERATIVE ASSESSMENT AND SURGICAL RE-ENTRY
			BIOPSY INTERPRETATION
			IMPLANT PLACEMENT AND COMPLETION OF PROSTHETIC REHABILITATION
		DISCUSSION
		CONCLUSION
		ACKNOWLEDGMENT
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 14 Ridge-Split Expansion Procedure for Horizontal Bone Augmentation in Implant Dentistry
		Chapter 14.1 Diagnosis and Treatment Planning
			HISTORY
			DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT PLANNING
				PATIENT (HOST) SELECTION
				ALVEOLAR RIDGE DEFECT ANALYSIS AND CLASSIFICATION
				DIAGNOSTIC WORK-UP
				CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
				SURGICAL STENT
				INSTRUMENTATION
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 14.2 Surgical Principles of the Ridge-Split Expansion Procedure
			THE MAXILLA IS NOT AN UPSIDE-DOWN MANDIBLE
			VASCULARIZATION: VASCULAR PERIOSTEAL FLAP
			SECONDARY INTENTION AND WOUND HEALING: RIDGE-SPLITEXPANSION PROCEDURE AND GUIDED BONE REGENERATION
			OSTEO-CONDENSATION OF SURROUNDING BONE
			OSTEO-MOBILIZATION OF THE BUCCAL BONE FRAGMENT
			CONCLUSION
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 14.3 Mandibular Two-Stage Alveolar Ridge-Split Expansion Procedure
			SURGICAL PROCEDURE: MANDIBULAR RIDGE SPLIT
				STAGE 1: CORTICOTOMY
				A COMMON QUESTION
				STAGE 2: SPLIT-EXPANSION-GRAFT
			CASE REPORT
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 14.4 Maxillary Single-Stage Alveolar Ridge-Split Expansion Procedure
			CASE REPORT OF A MAXILLARY SINGLE-STAGE ALVEOLAR SPLIT PROCEDURE WITH SIMULTANEOUS IMPLANT PLACEMENT
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 14.5 Advanced Ridge-Split Expansion Techniques for an Experienced Practitioner
			SINGLE-STAGE MANDIBULAR ALVEOLAR SPLIT WITH A CLOSED FLAP (CLOSED MAND C-SEG)
			SINGLE-STAGE ALVEOLAR SPLIT AND IMMEDIATE IMPLANT WITH A CLOSED FLAP (CLOSED C-SEG-I) (FIGURES 14.5.1–14.5.4)
			SINGLE-STAGE ALVEOLAR SPLIT WITH AN OPEN FLAP (OPEN C-SEG)
			SINGLE-STAGE ALVEOLAR SPLIT AND IMMEDIATE IMPLANT WITH AN OPEN FLAP (OPEN C-SEG-I) (FIGURE 14.5.5)
			SPREADER-DRIVEN RIDGE EXPANSION APPROACH (WITH OR WITHOUT IMPLANT) (FIGURES 14.5.6 AND 14.5.7)
			CASE REPORT OF ALVEOLAR SPLIT WITH CONICAL PROGRESSIVE OSTEOTOMES
			CONCLUSION
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 14.6 Complications of the Ridge-Split Expansion Procedure and Conclusion
			CONCLUSION: “10 COMMANDMENTS” FOR THE ALVEOLAR SPLIT
			REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 15 Ridge-Split Expansion Procedure Utilizing Piezoelectric Surgery for Horizontal Bone Augmentation in Implant Dentistry
		INSTRUMENTS TO SPLIT THE ALVEOLAR RIDGE
			FISSURE BUR
			ROTARY DISK/MICRO-SAW
			RECIPROCATION SAW
			CASE REPORT: RIDGE-SPLIT EXPANSION PROCEDURE USING A RECIPROCATION SAW
			LASERS (Er:YAG, Er,Cr:YSGG)
			PIEZOELECTRIC BONE SURGERY
		RIDGE EXPANDERS TO EXPAND THE SPLIT ALVEOLAR RIDGE
			MANUAL OSTEOTOME/CHISEL
			ROTARY EXPANDER/OSSEODENSIFICATION BUR
		RIDGE-SPLIT EXPANSION PROCEDURE WITH SIMULTANEOUS IMPLANT PLACEMENT
			CASE REPORT: RIDGE-SPLIT EXPANSION PROCEDURE WITH SIMULTANEOUS IMPLANT PLACEMENT IN THE POSTERIOR MAXILLA
			CASE REPORT: RIDGE-SPLIT EXPANSION PROCEDURE WITH SIMULTANEOUS IMPLANT PLACEMENT IN THE POSTERIOR MANDIBLE
			RIDGE-SPLIT EXPANSION PROCEDURE WITH DELAYED IMPLANT PLACEMENT (TWO-STAGERIDGE-SPLIT EXPANSION)
			CASE REPORT: STAGED RIDGE-SPLIT EXPANSION PROCEDURE WITH SPLIT AND EXPANSION/FRACTURE OF THE BUCCAL SEGMENT
			CASE REPORT: STAGED RIDGE-SPLIT EXPANSION PROCEDURE WITH REPOSITION OF GREENSTICK-FRACTURED BUCCAL SEGMENT
		MANAGEMENT OF FRACTURED BUCCAL SEGMENT
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 16 Minimally Invasive Combined Technique for Vertical and Horizontal Bone Augmentation in the Posterior Maxilla: Alveolar Split with Crestal Sinus Lift
		RIDGE-SPLIT EXPANSION PROCEDURE FOR WIDTH-DEFICIENT ALVEOLAR RIDGE
		CRESTAL SINUS ELEVATION FOR HEIGHT-DEFICIENT ALVEOLAR RIDGE IN THE POSTERIOR MAXILLA
		MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGICAL TECHNIQUES: ESLI SEQUENCE
		VOLUMETRIC (THREE-DIMENSIONAL) ALVEOLAR BONE AUGMENTATION IN THE POSTERIOR MAXILLA
		BIOLOGICAL RATIONALE OF THE ALVEOLAR SPLIT AND CRESTAL SINUS ELEVATION PROCEDURES
			REVASCULARIZATION OF THE OSTEOTOMIZED BONE SEGMENT
			REVASCULARIZATION OF THE INTERPOSITIONAL BONE GRAFT
			RE-ESTABLISHMENT OF ALVEOLAR ANATOMY
			OSTEOCONDENSATION
		CASE REPORTS
			RIDGE EXPANSION AND CRESTAL SINUS FLOOR INTRUSION IN THE POSTERIOR MAXILLA
			RIDGE EXPANSION AND CRESTAL SINUS FLOOR ELEVATION WITH SIMULTANEOUS IMPLANT PLACEMENT IN THE POSTERIOR MAXILLA
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
Section IV: Ridge Augmentation: Vertical
	CHAPTER 17 Protected Bone Regeneration with Titanium Mesh for (Mainly) Vertical Alveolar Ridge Augmentation in Implant Dentistry
		INDICATIONS
		CONTRAINDICATIONS
		PRE-OPERATIVE PLANNING (T0)
			GRAFTING MATERIALS
			DONOR SITES
			PRE-OPERATIVE PREPARATION OF PATIENTS
		SURGICAL PROCEDURE (T1)
			PREPARATION OF THE SURGICAL FIELD
			TYPE OF ANESTHESIA
			BONE HARVESTING PROCEDURE
		REGENERATION WITH A TITANIUM MESH
			SURGERY: FLAP DESIGN, RECIPIENT SITE, AND INCISIONS (T1)
		TITANIUM MESH REMOVAL AND IMPLANT PLACEMENT (T2)
		IMPLANT RE-OPENINGAND PROSTHETIC PHASE (T3 AND T4)
		CLINICAL CASES
			CASE 1
			CASE 2
		COMPLICATIONS
			EARLY EXPOSURE OF THE MESH WITH OR WITHOUT EVIDENT SIGNS OF INFLAMMATION/SUPPURATION
			LATE EXPOSURE OF THE MESH WITH OR WITHOUT EVIDENT SIGNS OF INFLAMMATION/SUPPURATION
		DISCUSSION
			VERTICAL BONE GAIN
			COMPLICATIONS
			BONE GAIN MODIFICATIONS BEFORE IMPLANT PLACEMENT
			BONE GAIN MODIFICATIONS AFTER IMPLANT PLACEMENT (PERI-IMPLANT BONE RESORPTION)
			SURVIVAL RATE OF IMPLANTS
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 18 Autogenous Block Bone Graft for (Mainly) Vertical Ridge Augmentation in Implant Dentistry
		RECIPIENT SITE CLASSIFICATION AND DEFECT ANALYSIS
		DONOR SITES FOR BLOCK BONE
			INTRAORAL HARVEST
		AUGMENTATION TECHNIQUES
			ONLAY BLOCK BONE GRAFTING
			CORTICAL AUTOGENOUS BLOCK TENTING
			ANATOMICAL TRANSPOSITIONING
			INLAY (INTERPOSITIONAL) BONE GRAFTING (SANDWICH TECHNIQUE)
			INFERIOR ALVEOLAR NERVE LATERALIZATION
			PEDICLE SEGMENTAL ROTATION
		DISCUSSION
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 19 Pedicled Vascularized Segmental Osteotomy with Interpositional Bone Grafting for Vertical Ridge Augmentation: Posterior Sandwich Osteotomy
		POSTERIOR MAXILLA
		TECHNIQUE
		CLINICAL APPLICATIONS
			POSTERIOR MAXILLA
			POSTERIOR MANDIBLE
		DISCUSSION
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 20 Khoury Split Bone Block Grafting Technique: Biological Alveolar Bone Augmentation with Autogenous Bone
		BIOLOGY OF BONE REGENERATION
		AUGMENTATION TECHNIQUES
			BONY LID TECHNIQUE
			AUGMENTATION OF SMALL BONE DEFECTS: BONE CORE TECHNIQUE
			AUGMENTATION OF LARGE BONY DEFECTS/SEVERE BONE ATROPHY
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 21 Alveolar Distraction Osteogenesis for Bone Augmentation in Implant Dentistry
		SURGICAL PROCEDURE
		INDICATIONS FOR ALVEOLAR DISTRACTION OSTEOGENESIS
		ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
		COMPLICATIONS
		CASE REPORTS
			CASE 1: ALVEOLAR DISTRACTION OSTEOGENESIS IN THE ANTERIOR MAXILLA
			CASE 2: ALVEOLAR DISTRACTION OSTEOGENESIS IN THE POSTERIOR MANDIBLE
			CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS FOR A SURGEON
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 22 Orthodontic Therapy: Orthodontic Extrusion for Vertical Ridge Enhancement
		WHAT IS ORTHODONTIC FORCED ERUPTION?
		DESCRIPTION OF THE TECHNIQUE
		POSTERIOR TEETH
		THREE-DIMENSIONAL BONE REMODELING
		LATERAL IMPLANT SITE DEVELOPMENT
		MULTIDIRECTIONAL MOVEMENT
		DISCUSSION
			RESULTS
			CONTRAINDICATIONS
			LIMITATIONS
			ADVANTAGES
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 23 Reconstruction of Three-Dimensional Alveolar Ridge Defects Utilizing Screws and Implant Abutments for the Tent-Pole Grafting Technique
		RIDGE AUGMENTATION USING THE TENT-POLE SCREW TECHNIQUE
			THREE-DIMENSIONAL RIDGE AUGMENTATION UTILIZING A TITANIUM SCREW AS A TENT-POLE SCREW: CASE REPORT
		AUGMENTATION OF A THREE-DIMENSIONAL ALVEOLAR DEFECT UTILIZING A LOW-PROFILE HEALING ABUTMENT AS A TENT-POLE ABUTMENT
			CASE REPORT
		DESCRIPTION OF TENT-POLE ABUTMENT (SANTA)
		SURGICAL PROCEDURE OF SANTA-1–ASSISTED HORIZONTAL RIDGE AUGMENTATION
			CASE REPORT: HORIZONTAL RIDGE AUGMENTING USING A TENT-POLE ABUTMENT (SANTA-1)
		THREE-DIMENSIONAL RIDGE AUGMENTATION USING A TENT-POLE ABUTMENT (SANTA-2)
			CASE REPORT: SIMPLIFIED THREE-DIMENSIONAL RIDGE AUGMENTING USING A TENT-POLE ABUTMENT (SANTA-2)
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 24 Lateral Sinus Lift/Bone Graft for Vertical Bone Augmentation in the Posterior Maxilla
		INDICATIONS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS
		PRE-OPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS, PLANNING, AND EVALUATION OF CASE DIFFICULTY
		APPLIED SURGICAL ANATOMY
			SINUS ANATOMY
			SINUS MEMBRANE
			UNDERWOOD’S SEPTA
			VASCULARIZATION
			INNERVATION
		SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
			ANESTHESIA
			FLAP MANAGEMENT (ENTRY)
			LATERAL WINDOW PREPARATION (ANTROSTOMY)
			SINUS MEMBRANE ELEVATION
			CONTINUING ELEVATION IN THE EVENT OF PERFORATION
			PREPARATION OF IMPLANT SITES FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS APPROACH
			INSERTION OF GRAFT MATERIAL AND IMPLANT PLACEMENT WITH THE SIMULTANEOUS APPROACH
			GRAFT MATERIALS
			SUTURING
			POST-OPERATIVE PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT
		SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: STAGE TWO SURGERY
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 25 Crestal Sinus Lift/Bone Graft for Vertical Bone Augmentation
		ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES
			RESIDUAL ALVEOLAR BONE DIMENSIONS
			BONE QUALITY
			SCHNEIDERIAN MEMBRANE
			SINUS FLOOR MORPHOLOGY
			SEPTA
		TECHNIQUES
			SUMMERS’ OSTEOTOMY TECHNIQUE
			REAMERS APPROACH
			STAGED CRESTAL MAXILLARY SINUS AUGMENTATION
			HYDRAULIC PRESSURE TECHNIQUE
			OSSEOUS DENSIFICATION
			GRAFTING MATERIALS USED DURING THE SINUS AUGMENTATION PROCEDURE
			ENDOSCOPE-CONTROLLED MAXILLARY SINUS ELEVATION
		IMPLANT LENGTH IN OSTEOTOME PROCEDURES
		POST-SURGICAL CONSIDERATIONS
		COMPLICATIONS
			PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT
			SINUS MEMBRANE PERFORATION
			SINUSITIS AND POST-OPERATIVEINFECTION
			INCISION OPENING/MUCOSAL DEHISCENCE
			ROTATIONAL INSTABILITY/IMPLANT MIGRATION
			BENIGN PAROXYSMAL POSITIONAL VERTIGO
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
Section V: Soft Tissue Grafting for Implant Site Development
	CHAPTER 26 Soft Tissue Assessment and Grafting for Alveolar Ridge Enhancement in Implant Dentistry
		TECHNIQUES
			TECHNIQUES TO CREATE CONTOUR AND THICKNESS AND INCREASE THE KERATINIZED TISSUE
		TECHNIQUES FOR PAPILLA MANAGEMENT
			ROTATED PEDICULATED MARGINAL TISSUE (PALACCI)
			ROTATED PEDICULATED LINGUAL MARGINAL TISSUE (EL CHAAR)
		SOFT TISSUE TECHNIQUES FOR EXTRACTION SOCKET GRAFTING
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
Section VI: Alternative (to Bone Grafting) Surgical Techniques
	CHAPTER 27 Short Implants as an Alternative to Bone Augmentation in Implant Dentistry
		CASE PRESENTATIONS
			CASE 1
			CASE 2
			CASE 3
		CONSIDERATIONS AND PITFALLS
		CONCLUSIONS
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 28 Zygomatic and Pterygoid Implants as an Alternative to Bone Augmentation in Implant Dentistry
		ZYGOMATIC IMPLANTS
		PTERYGOID IMPLANTS
		INDICATIONS
		CONTRAINDICATIONS
		PRE-OPERATIVE PLANNING
		SURGICAL PROCEDURE
			SURGICAL APPROACHES FOR ZYGOMATIC IMPLANTS
			SURGICAL APPROACHES FOR PTERYGOID IMPLANTS
		PROSTHETIC CONSIDERATIONS
		CLINICAL CASES
			CASE 1
			CASE 2
			CASE 3
		COMPLICATIONS
		DISCUSSION
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
	CHAPTER 29 Complete-Arch Dental Implant Treatment as an Alternative (to Bone Grafting) Surgical Technique
		Chapter 29.1 Complete-ArchDental Implant Treatment Using Photogrammetry and Delayed Immediate Loading
			COMPLETE-ARCHSITE CLASSIFICATION
			FULL-ARCHTREATMENT: RESTORATIVE BUILDING BLOCKS
				BUILDING BLOCK 1: CENTRIC RELATION
				BUILDING BLOCK 2: VERTICAL DIMENSION OF OCCLUSION
				BUILDING BLOCK 3: CASE PLANNING
				BUILDING BLOCK 4: SURGERY
				BUILDING BLOCK 5: PROVISIONALIZATION
				BUILDING BLOCK 6: SOFT TISSUE
			DISCUSSION
			CONCLUSION
			REFERENCES
		Chapter 29.2 Maxillary Full-Arch Staged Ceramo-metal Implant Rehabilitation
			CASE REPORT
				HISTORY
				EXAMINATION AND CLINICAL PRESENTATION
				SURGICAL-RESTORATIVE SEQUENCE PERFORMED
				STAGE 3 (3 MONTHS LATER)
			DISCUSSION
				HYBRID OR ALL-ON-FOUR FULL-ARCH IMPLANT PROSTHESIS DESIGN
				CERAMO-METAL CROWN-AND-BRIDGE IMPLANT PROSTHESIS DESIGN
			CONCLUSION
			REFERENCES
Section VII: Tissue Bioengineering
	CHAPTER 30 Tissue Bioengineering and Regeneration in Implant Dentistry
		BASICS OF WOUND HEALING
		BONE BIOLOGY AND GRAFTING
		GUIDED BONE REGENERATION
		SOFT TISSUE REGENERATION
		TOOTH DEVELOPMENT AND REGENERATION
		DENTAL STEM CELLS
		BONE MARROW STEM CELLS
		CELLS, SCAFFOLDS, AND GROWTH FACTORS
		CONCLUSION
		REFERENCES
Index
EULA